scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals in the soil – plant system in areas with the developed mining industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208
Author(s):  
Guzel R. Allayarova ◽  
Tatiana K. Larionova ◽  
Rustem A. Daukaev ◽  
Svetlana R. Afonkina ◽  
Elvira A. Aukhadieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Plant System ◽  
Mining Enterprise ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Zone Of Influence

Introduction. The proximity of mining enterprises to settlements contributes to the pollution of the soil cover with heavy metals. Crops grown in garden plots accumulate chemical elements and are an intermediate link in the “soil - plant - human” chain. Purpose of the work. Assessment of the level of anthropogenic load on the territory adjacent to the mining enterprise, based on the study of the translocation of metals in the soil - plant system. Materials and methods. For the purpose of hygienic assessment of the chemical composition of the soil and vegetable products grown on it, the content of 7 microelements was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. With the help of the coefficient of concentration of a chemical substance (Kc) and the total indicator of pollution (Zc), the level of chemical contamination of soils was determined. Using the total coefficient of anthropogenic load (Ka.n. = ∑Ci/PDUi), the territory was ranked according to the contamination of vegetables with toxic elements. The rate of accumulation of metals by vegetable crops was assessed by the coefficient of biological absorption (Ax) and the index of biochemical activity of the species (BAS). Results. The soil cover in the district is contaminated with a complex of metals, the content of gross forms of which exceeds the MPC by up to 1.9 times, mobile - up to 4.6 times. At a distance of up to 5 km around the mining enterprise, the maximum indicators of the total soil pollution (Zc = 44-65) have been established. Lead and zinc are elements of “biological accumulation” for all types of studied vegetable products grown in the zone of influence of the mining enterprise; cadmium is additionally concentrated in beets and carrots, and nickel in carrots. In vegetable samples, exceeding the permissible levels of cadmium and lead was noted. The most significant accumulation of heavy metals was found in the southern, southeastern, northern and northwestern directions from emissions. Conclusion. To eliminate the toxic effects of heavy metals in vegetables produced in the zone of influence of mining enterprises, it is recommended to include additional monitoring of nickel and zinc content in the social and hygienic monitoring system.

GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MODERN ZINC CONTENT IN THE SOIL COVER OF THE URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
SINTSOV ALEXANDER V. ◽  
◽  
BARMIN ALEXANDER N. ◽  
ZIMOVETS PETR A. ◽  
VALOV MICHAIL V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urbanized Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Anthropogenic and technogenic processes in the urban environment significantly change the chemical composition of the soil cover. One of such processes influencing the state of the urban soil is the process of soil cover pollution with heavy metals. Heavy metals are biochemically active and highly toxic; they are found in various components of the natural environment, as well as in systems of anthropogenic and technogenic origin. They have the property of accumulation in the body of living beings and have a negative effect on their condition. This group of chemical elements includes lead, zinc, chromium, mercury, copper, iron and other metals. Exceeding the permissible concentration of heavy metals in the soil of an urbanized area and their toxic effects pose a significant danger to humans. Contamination of the soil cover of an urbanized area with heavy metals is associated with the impact of a large number of sources of anthropogenic and technogenic origin, namely, energy and industrial facilities, city infrastructure support systems, zones of construction activities and storage of materials or waste. One of the main highly toxic chemical pollutants of the soil cover of the urbanized territory belonging to the group of heavy metals is zinc «Zincum-Zn». The article describes the results of a 2020 study of the current zinc content in the soil cover of the city of Astrakhan. The relevance of the work lies in the geochemical analysis of the content of heavy metals in the soil of the city of Astrakhan. The aim of the work was to study the modern process of soil contamination of the city of Astrakhan with zinc. The work was based on the task of determining the degree of exceeding the hygienic standards of the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in soil samples. Methods of geographical and ecological research were used in the work, soil samples were collected, followed by determination of the concentration of a substance in each of the soil samples in a certified laboratory. In the course of the work, the indicators of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in the soil of the city of Astrakhan were determined and the presumptive sources of pollution were identified.

Influence of the Presence of Mobile Forms Zn, Cu, Ni on Functioning of the System "Soil-Microbiota-Plant" in Grain Agrocenoses

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
E.A. Ivantsova ◽  
A.V. Kholodenko ◽  
А.А. Tikhonova ◽  
N.V. German ◽  
M.V. Postnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Zone Of Influence

The dynamics of the content of mobile forms of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni) in the soil cover of agricultural land located near the sources of negative anthropogenic impact are considered. These elements have a pronounced cumulative effect, which confirms their concentration during 2000–2017. In the agrocenosis conducted to identify soil microbiota and identified representatives of the genera Agrobacterium and Agrobacter. The revealed features of interaction in the system "soil-microorganisms-plant" allow us to consider one of the tools to increase the productivity of grain agricultural systems by regulating the composition of soil microbocenoses. It is necessary to maintain optimal plant intervals of zinc, copper and nickel concentrations as significant micronutrients. It’s actually for agrobiocenoses formed in the zone of influence of technical objects.

Comparison of Methods and Concepts Used in Assessing the Extent of Water Pollution in a Canadian Shield Lake

1979 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
J.W. Moore ◽  
D.J. Sutherland ◽  
V.A. Beaubien
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Zone Of Influence

Abstract The relative merits of several different methods and concepts used in the assessment of water pollution were determined during 1977 in Giauque Lake, situated in the Northwest Territories. The lake had become polluted through the operations of a gold mine, which discharged mercury-1aden tailings and other waste material directly into the water. The concentration of mercury in the sediments decreased as the distance from the mine increased. Concentrations of over 5000 µg/kg (dry weight) were found in the immediate vicinity of the tailings fan, whereas, at distances of 1.0 and 1.3 km from the fan, the level of mercury averaged 1000 and 100 µg/kg, respectively. Because an extensive series of bottom samples were collected, it was possible to designate a well-defined zone of chemical contamination in the sediments. There was a strong, negative correlation between the density of benthic invertebrates in the sediments and the level of mercury contamination. Consequently, a zone of influence paralleling that outlined for the chemical analysis could again be delineated. However, the diversity index and species composition of the benthic communities gave no indication of environmental impact. Since the waters of Giauque Lake contained extremely low levels of heavy metals, the diversity, species composition and density of zooplankton communities were not useful in assessing the zone of influence. It is concluded that direct determinations of the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments and the density of benthic organisms were the only effective means of monitoring the extent of pollution in the lake. Other traditional methods, such as diversity indices and the species composition of the fauna and the measurements of water quality gave little if any indication of contamination.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL POLLUTION OF IVANOVO CITY WITH HEAVY METALS AND OIL PRODUCTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Mashkin ◽  
Tatyana V. Izvekova ◽  
Andrei A. Gushchin ◽  
Vladimir I. Grinevich
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Reasonable Assumption ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons

In given study the results of measurements of heavy metals content (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Mn) and oil hydrocarbons in a soil cover of Ivanovo city are presented. The chemical pollution of soils was estimated with the comparison of obtained results with normalized values as well as on parameters which are indicators of unfavorable impact on a population health that is on the coefficient of concentration of chemical substance (Kc) and total parameter of chemical pollution (Zc). It has been established that the content of lead and oil products exceeds the standardized values by a factor of 6.7 and 3.9 times, respectively, and for all other controlled compounds their concentrations in all the test samples exceed the background values, with the exception of cobalt and manganese. For a determination of level pollution and for revealing main sources of anthropogenic impact the territory under study was divided on the following zones:  buffer areas of gasoline stands, zones with the intensive vehicular traffic and residential zones. On Zc value the residential zones refer to category of permissible level of pollution (Zc<16) whereas territories near roads and gasoline stands are characterized with the average level of pollution (16<Zc<32). The dynamics of the change in the value of the complex indicator of the level of chemical contamination of soil (Zc) for the period from 1999 to 2014 indicates a deterioration in the environmental condition of the soil, namely, the value of Zc increased from 12 to 18, which is probably associated with growth of vehicles (an average increase of 6% per year). On the basis of the method of geochemical mapping the reasonable assumption was made that the main contribution to soil contamination is provided by local sources of city.Forcitation:Mashkin D.V., Izvekova Т.V., Gushchin A.A., Grinevich V.I. Assessment of level pollution of Ivanovo city with heavy metals and oil products. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 5. P. 94-99

scholarly journals Agroecological Grounding of Organic Waste Management in the Production of Humates

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Purpose. Study of agroecological substantiation of the possibility to use organic waste in the production of humates as fertilizers of the main application for vegetable crops. Methods. Field, chemical, atomic absorption spectrometry. Results. The calculation of the total indicator of pollution showed that the soil of the fertilized experimental site belongs to the slightly contaminated soils. According to the soil-agrochemical criteria, namely, the content of organic matter, mobile phosphorus and potassium, the reaction of soil solution, soil on the control and, optionally, with the introduction of organic waste, is suitable for organic farming. The evaluation of the suitability of the soil for the content of heavy metals revealed that the content of zinc, copper, lead, cobalt, manganese, nickel revealed that it is suitable for the organic farming. Zinc (0.31 mg / kg) and manganese (4.98 mg / kg) content are conventionally suitable. Analysis of the content of trace elements in organic waste showed that it contains manganese, copper, zinc in quantities, corresponding to the lower boundary of the value interval, inherent in untreated manure. Thus, the amount of manganese in manure is 75 - 549, in the studied sample - 60 mg / kg, copper - 7,6-40,8, zinc 0,84-4,18, in the sample - 5,88, 44,95 mg / kg respectively. That is, in terms of its microelement status, corresponds to the composition of the manure. An assessment of the environmental quality of vegetable products grown when organic wastes produced by humates as fertilizers of the main input showed that no element exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations. The analysis of the bioaccumulation coefficients for vegetable products grown in the course of the introduction of organic waste showed that none of the vegetables accumulate in the economic part of the crop of heavy metals. Conclusions. Studies have shown high agroecological efficiency of the use of organic waste of humates production as the main fertilizer for the production of environmentally safe high quality vegetable products.

Assessment of the Risk of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Vegetable Crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
V. N. Bashkin ◽  
R. A. Galiulina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Risk Characterization ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Metals Accumulation

Based on the extensive material, approaches to assessing the risk of accumulation of heavy metals in vegetable crops grown in open and protected ground, including hydroponics, are considered. A scheme for performing risk assessment is proposed, including such stages as hazard identification, exposure assessment, the dose-effect estimates, risk characterization, and risk management. For each stage, model approaches to quantifying the risk are presented, and examples of the characteristics of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk in different regions are given when consuming vegetable crops contaminated with HM. It is shown that the risk of accumulation of HM in vegetable crops can be managed with the help of various strains of microorganisms that promote both the immobilization of these metals in the soil and prevent their entry into the marketable part of vegetable products.

scholarly journals HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION TRENDS ON "OLESHKIVSKI PISKY" MILITARY TRAINING SITE

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
А. Splodytel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Training Site

The results of ecological-geochemical researches of soil cover of "Oleshkivski pisky" military training site, using maximum allowable concentration and classification of chemical elements with respect to hazard classes are presented. Analytical works to identify gross content and heavy metals movable forms in soils were defined by methods of atomic absorption and mass-spectometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICPMS) as well as by using gamma-ray activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Analysis and interpretation of the coefficients of heavy metal components concentration were conducted based on landscape and geochemical fundamentals. The regular network of the protoselection points was developed. This network is built taking into account landscape structure of the territory, and provides control over landscape and geochemical currents and barriers. The average index of soil cover pollution of the polygon was calculated taking into account different toxicity of the elements. This index reaches its maximum in the region of firing positions and military polygon. The average Zc index of the upper soil level is 32, which corresponds to the dangerous level of soil pollution. The research revealed the content of moveable forms of heavy metals in soil cover of the polygon in order to identify toxic and tolerant levels of heavy metals concentration and reserve sources of elements in soils, which can maintain optimal concentration level in soil solution. It was defined that content of heavy metals in three movable forms are represented in the following geochemical units, mg/kg: in acid soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > V > Ni > Co > Cd; in exchangeable form – Mn > Zn > Pb > V > Co = Ni > Cu > Cd; in water soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb = V > Co > Ni > Cd > Cu. The article presents research results on accumulation intensity and the nature of distribution of gross and mobile heavy metals forms in soil and on their migration in the soil profile. The dominant technogenic geochemical unit was extracted: Cd > Hg > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > V > Co > Mn. Landscapes with maximum polyelement contamination have been identified.

scholarly journals Dosage des métaux lourds dans le sol et les produits maraîchers du site maraîcher de Houéyiho au Bénin

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1893-1901
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Yehouenou Azehoun Pazou ◽  
Judicaël Azehoun Pazou ◽  
Mahoudjro Roméo Adamou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Continue Research

Le maraîchage dans les villes et les localités périurbaines ne sont pas sans conséquence sur la qualité des produits maraîchers qui y sont cultivés. La présente étude vise à évaluer la qualité des produits maraîchers consommés au Bénin afin de mieux appréhender les risques pour la santé humaine. Les métaux lourds (Pb, Cu et Zn) ont été dosés par la spectrophotométrie d’absorption atomique dans le sol et les cultures maraîchères fraîches et cuites. Il ressort de l’étude que le sol des différentes cultures maraîchères est contaminé par les métaux lourds (Pb : 0,028 à 2,235 mg/kg, Cu : 0,037 mg/kg à 0,264 mg/kg, Zn : 0,613 à 3,234 mg/kg) ainsi que le compost utilisé pour son amendement (Pb : 0,224 mg/kg, Cu : 0,419 mg/kg et Zn : 1,717 mg/kg). Les cultures maraîchères analysées sont aussi contaminés par les métaux lourds (Pb : 0,009 à 4,124 mg/kg, Cu : 0,073 mg/kg à 2,146 mg/kg, Zn : 0,573 à 14,12 mg/kg) avec des facteurs de bioconcentration allant à plus de 4 pour le Brassica oleracea et 8 pour le Vernonia amygdalina qui sont les plus contaminés. Toutefois, la cuisson a entraîné une réduction considérable des teneurs en métaux lourds, ce qui réduit le risque sanitaire pour le consommateur. Une vigilance de la population et une variation de l’alimentation sont alors importantes pour garantir une meilleure santé. Il est prévu de continuer les travaux de recherche sur d’autres spéculations maraîchères et polluants chimiques.Mots clés: Éléments métalliques, spéculations maraîchères, influence modes de cuisson. English Title: Determination of heavy metals in soil and vegetable products in BeninMarket gardening in towns and peri-urban localities is not without consequence on the quality of the market garden products which are cultivated there. This study aims to evaluate the quality of market garden produce consumed in Benin in order to better understand the risks to human health. Heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Zn) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in soil and fresh and cooked vegetable crops. The study showed that the soil of the various vegetable crops is contaminated by heavy metals (Pb: 0.028 to 2.235 mg/kg, Cu: 0.037 mg/kg to 0.264 mg/kg, Zn: 0.613 to 3.234 mg/kg) and the compost used for its amendment too (Pb: 0.224 mg/kg, Cu: 0.419 mg/kg and Zn: 1.717 mg/kg). The vegetable crops analyzed are also contaminated by heavy metals (Pb: 0.009 to 4.124 mg/kg, Cu: 0.073 mg/kg to 2.146 mg/kg, Zn: 0.573 to 14.12 mg/kg) with bioconcentration factors ranging from more than 4 for Brassica oleracea and 8 for Vernonia amygdalina which are the most contaminated. However, cooking has resulted in a significant reduction in heavy metal contents, which reduces the health risk for the consumer. A vigilance of the population and a variation of the food are then important to guarantee a better health. It is planned to continue research on other vegetable crops and chemical pollutantsKeywords: Metallic elements, vegetables crops, cooking methods influence.    

scholarly journals Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Rusin ◽  
Joanna Domagalska ◽  
Danuta Rogala ◽  
Mehdi Razzaghi ◽  
Iwona Szymala
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

AbstractChemical contamination of foods pose a significant risk to consumers. A source of this risk is due to the consumption of products contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The aim of the study was to research the levels of Cd and Pb contamination of selected species of vegetables and fruits in the form of fresh, frozen, dried and processed products. The goal was to verify which of these food groups was more contaminated with heavy metals. The study covered 370 samples of fruits and vegetables including apples, pears, grapes, raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, as well as beetroots, celeries, carrots and tomatoes. The content of Cd and Pb was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Quantitative results were analyzed using statistical models: analysis of variance, outlier analysis, post-hoc multiple comparison Tukey test. The tests showed that the levels of Cd and Pb concentration in samples of fresh, processed, frozen and dried fruits and vegetables varied substantially. The highest concentrations were recorded in dried products. Several fruit and vegetable samples exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations of Cd and Pb. The contamination of these products could be a significant source of consumer exposure to heavy metals when these products are a part of the diet.

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