scholarly journals Selecting informative biomarkers for early diagnosis of occupational neurological diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 953-958
Author(s):  
Inna V. Lapko
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Lumbosacral Radiculopathy ◽  
Vibration Disease ◽  
Neurohumoral Regulation ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. At present, the patterns of changes in the levels of biomarkers and the relationship of changes in their values with the pathogenesis of diseases caused by the impact of adverse factors of labour activity are not sufficiently studied. The most unresolved issues are the choice of informative laboratory indicators and diagnostic test systems in investigating the impact of physical factors on the working environment (vibration and physical overload) neurohumoral regulation: pituitary-adrenal pituitary-thyroid, pituitary-gonadal system and hormonal indicators of carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of the study was to determine diagnostic hormonal markers and integral indices to identify early changes in the neurohumoral status in the body of workers under the influence of working environment factors. Materials and methods. 330 workers of mining and machine-building enterprises were examined. Of these, 128 people with vibration disease, 45 people - with lumbosacral radiculopathy, combined pathology (vibration disease and lumbosacral radiculopathy) was detected in 60 persons. The preclinical stage (initial signs of diseases) was noted in 97 workers. Laboratory studies included hormones and integral indices of the pituitary-adrenal, pituitary-thyroid, pituitary-gonadal system, carbohydrate metabolism. To select the diagnostic significance of laboratory biomarkers, diagnostic sensitivity, prenosological value, pathognomonicity, direction, severity, and selectivity of changes in biomarker levels were evaluated. Results. The combined effect of vibration and physical overload on the body of workers was found to have a unidirectional and systemic impact on the levels of hormones of the pituitary-adrenal, pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-gonadal systems, increases insulin resistance. The severity of changes in neurohumoral regulation indicators depends on the nature and severity of the occupational neurological disease. The highest diagnostic sensitivity (Df = 72-74%) in vibration disease and its combination with lumbosacral radiculopathy was obtained for pituitary-gonadal hormones and indicators of insulin resistance. The lowest values of Dh are typical for the hormones of the pituitary-thyroid system (no more than 14%). To identify early changes in neurohumoral regulation in the body under the influence of vibration and physical exertion, it is most informative to determine the concentration of total testosterone, luteinizing hormone and insulin, as well as the integral pituitary-adrenal index, insulin resistance indices. To identify hidden disorders of the pituitary-thyroid system, the definition of the essential thyroid index can be used. Discussion. The results obtained allowed us to assess the nature of changes in the levels of hormones of the pituitary-adrenal, pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-gonadal systems and carbohydrate metabolism and to propose informative laboratory biomarkers reflecting early changes in neurohumoral regulation under the influence of physical factors of the working environment. Conclusions. To identify early changes in neurohumoral regulation in the body of workers under the influence of vibration and physical exertion, the most informative is the determination of the concentration of total testosterone, luteinizing hormone and insulin, the integral pituitary-adrenal index, and insulin resistance indices. To identify hidden disorders of the pituitary-thyroid system, the definition of the integral thyroid index can be used.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CALPROTECTIN AND PARAMETERS OF LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM, ANTHROPOMETRIC AND INFLAMMATORY PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
M. I. Zhuravlova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
The Relationship

Nowadays, an acute myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of mortality among the population. The EHS-DH registry data clearly illustrate the association between the comorbidities and high mortality following acute myocardial infarction during a year period of follow up. The pronounced influence of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances on the survival of such patients has already been reported. The aim of the study was to analyze the immune inflammation relationships based on assessing calprotectin and the parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, to evaluate the presence and nature of the relationship between these parameters and carbohydrate metabolism parameters based on the study of blood glucose, insulin and insulin resistance (by the indices HOMA, QUICKI, Caro), anthropometric indicators and inflammatory indicators (monocyte and neutrophile levels). Materials and methods. The study included 64 patients (mean age 65, 31 ± 1.62 years) with acute myocardial infarction and concomitant diabetes mellitus type 2. The design of the study included the primary laboratory investigation of patients during the first day since the onset of acute myocardial infarction with the elevation of the ST segment before the initiation of thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous intervention. The direct correlation between the calprotectin concentration and the HOMA insulin resistance index (R = 0.52; p <0.05), insulinemia (R = 0.57; p <0.05), fasting glycaemia (R = 0, 59; p <0.05), as well as inverse correlation relationships between the Caro index (R = 0.68; p <0.05) and the QUICKI index (R = 0.59; p <0.05) were found out. Moreover, a direct correlation between calprotectin and triglyceride levels (R = 0.31; p <0.05), and negative correlation with high density lipoprotein (R = 0.35; p <0.05) was established as well. The level of total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins showed no significant association with the proinflammatory factor (R = 0.12; p> 0.05 and R = 0.18; p> 0.05, respectively). Conclusions. The increase in the body mass index and the activity of serum monocytes and neutrophils is associated with high concentrations of calprotectin that is accompanied by disturbances of carbohydrate homeostasis towards the growth of insulin resistance and changes of lipidograms of proatherrogenic nature.

scholarly journals Impact of Lifestyles (Diet and Exercise) on Vascular Health: Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy W. C. Man ◽  
Huige Li ◽  
Ning Xia
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Healthy lifestyle and diet are associated with significant reduction in risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress and the imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants are linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Changes in antioxidant capacity of the body may lead to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Diet is an important source of antioxidants, while exercise offers many health benefits as well. Recent findings have evidenced that diet and physical factors are correlated to oxidative stress. Diet and physical factors have debatable roles in modulating oxidative stress and effects on the endothelium. Since endothelium and oxidative stress play critical roles in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, dietary and physical factors could have significant implications on prevention of the diseases. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the impact of diet manipulation and physical factors on endothelium and oxidative stress, focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We discuss the friend-and-foe role of dietary modification (including different diet styles, calorie restriction, and nutrient supplementation) on endothelium and oxidative stress, as well as the potential benefits and concerns of physical activity and exercise on endothelium and oxidative stress. A fine balance between oxidative stress and antioxidants is important for normal functions in the cells and interfering with this balance may lead to unfavorable effects. Further studies are needed to identify the best diet composition and exercise intensity.

Vibration disease: quality of life

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Sergey Babanov ◽  
Nataliya Tatarovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Vibration Disease ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
The Impact

The article presents data on the impact of vibration disease on the quality of life of patients. The main changes in the quality of life parameters of patients based on the results of the study using the SF-36 questionnaire are described. The quality of life of patients with various types of vibration disease is compared. It is established that industrial vibration (both General and local) in addition to the classical changes characteristic of vibration disease from exposure to local vibration (WBL), vibration disease from exposure to vibration (VBOW) first and second degrees (vascular, neurological) substantially violates the quality of life of patients, with the most pronounced changes are characteristic for WBOW, which confirms the systemic effects of vibration and its effects on the body working. The quality of life of sick WIDOWS is significantly reduced, although significant differences are observed only on the scales of «physical functioning» and «physical component of health».

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary, Socioeconomic, and Physical Factors on Obese and Overweight Schoolchildren Living in Sidi-Bel-Abbes (West of Algeria) and Ain Defla (Centre)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayat Didaoui ◽  
Méghit Boumediene Khaled
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and aims: The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of environmental factors; food, socio-economic, and physical activity, on a group of obese children living in Ain-Defla (Center Algeria) and Sidi-Bel-Abbes (West Algeria). Material and methods: The protocol was carried out on a cohort of 125 school children aged of 5 to 11 years, including 64 boys and 61 girls, and 139 school children, including 93 boys and 46 girls in Ain Defla and Sidi-Bel-Abbes respectively. Concerning the classification of obesity and overweight, we referred to the International Obesity Task Force and the French References' curves. Results: Regarding dietary intake our results showed that 34% of students from both regions took their breakfast, compared to 66% who did not take. Furthermore, 73% of students skipped at least one meal, however 23% respected meals frequency i.e. 4 meals a day. Regarding socio-economic factors and physical activity, our findings showed that obesity rates were high (36%) among children whose fathers are workers. However, for mothers who are housewives, obesity increases among their children (88%). The relationship was reversed between the parents' education level and the Body Mass Index. We found an opposite relationship between Body Mass Index and physical activity, and investigated children use screen devices for long time periods. Conclusions: Our study showed a positive relationship between obesity and overweight and environmental factors.

scholarly journals Biomedical aspects of problems safe usage of transport maglev

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemiy V Rubinskiy ◽  
Leonid A Noskin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Impact

Among the external physical factors that require attention during the process of projecting maglev transport, the key factor is the protection of staff and passengers from electromagnetic fields and mechanical accelerations that can cause extreme states in biochemical and physiological systems of living organisms. Objective: creation of tools, methods and recommendation systems, allowing to objectify the assessment of collective and individual security of the human beings being under the influence of maglev transport; assess the maximum allowable parameters. Methods: The most efficient way to achieve this goal is to use the methodology of polysystemic predictive diagnostics that allows to dynamically track in the degree of balance in regulative system of homeostasis which is a determining factor of individual adaptogenesis. In accordance with the laws of biomechanics, biomagnetism and stress theory, the impact of these adverse factors is causing resistive and adaptive restoration physiological responses at the same time, which subsequently, with the continuation of action and increase of dose and load, modify and lead to extreme and critical (pathological) states in human organism. From the literature on Biomagnetism, it follows that even weak magnetic fields can provide highly efficient action, and after organism being exposed to inductive magnetic fields of various intensity one-sided physiological shifts were observed. Organism's reactions to acceleration show similar behavior. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the study will specify hygiene requirements in absolute values and duration of adverse factors on the railways. Exceeding the exposure dose exposure on these indicators can cause irreversible negative condition of the body. However, due to the emergence of a fundamentally new transport technology, existing concepts require refinement and updating.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE FORMATION OF NEUROENDOCRINE AND IMMUNE DISORDERS DURING STRESS AND DISSTRESSE

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Y M Pesin ◽  
V K Gabitov ◽  
A A Beisembaev ◽  
Ya I Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Neurohumoral Regulation ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity

The aim of the research was studying the features of neurohumoral regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in experimental diabetes mellitus. A model of diabetes mellitus was created by introducing 0.1% solution of epinephrine hydrochloride into animals. Biochemical parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (cortisol, C-peptide and glucose) were studied in 17 animals on day 0, 15, 21, 30, 45. On the same day morphofunctional changes formed in the pancreas and Nodi lymphatici pancreaticoduodenales were studied. With stress, there is an increase in cortisol and C-peptide and a decrease in the concentration of glucose in the blood. In distress cortisol secretion is reduced, and the production of C-peptide and glucose concentration in the blood increases. In the lymph nodes formed functional changes that led to a violation of cellular and humoral immunity in the body. Conclusion. The cause of diabetes is a failure in the work of self-regulating mechanisms of carbohydrate metabolism, which leads to dysregulation pathology of the autonomic nervous system, manifested by antagonism between adrenaline and cortisol, insulin and cortisol.

scholarly journals The state of carbohydrate metabolism in children with gallstone disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
E. A. Potapova ◽  
L. A. Kharitonova ◽  
Yu. E. Milova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
C Peptide

Cholelithiasis (cholelithiasis) has become increasingly common in childhood. Currently, the features of the clinical course have been studied, the criteria for the diagnosis and prevention of cholelithiasis in children have been worked out. However, the features of metabolic disorders are still not studied, among which not the least role in the genesis of the formation of gallstones is played not only by the exchange of lipids, but also carbohydrates.The main role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism is played by insulin. The process of production of insulin in the body in the blood serum fully reflects the concentration of C-peptide. The ratio between insulin and C-peptide is not always constant. It may shift in one direction or another against the background of diseases of the internal organs, including the GI tract.The analysis for C-peptide and insulin allows you to identify not only hypo — or hyperglycemia, but also to determine insulin resistance, calculate the HOMA index and, accordingly, make a forecast for the development of dyslipidemia. In this regard, it was of interest to study the state of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, insulin, C-peptide) in children with cholelithiasis.The purpose of the study. To improve the early diagnosis of the complicated course of cholelithiasis by studying the features of carbohydrate metabolism for practicing therapeutic tactics and preventive measures.Materials and methods. Under our supervision at the Department of Pediatrics infectious diseases, faculty of postgraduate education of physicians of the Russian national research medical University of Minzdrav of Russia (head.DEP. — M. D., Professor L. A. Kharitonov), city children’s polyclinic № 122 (chief doctor — PhD Bragin A. I.) were 140 children aged from birth to 15 years. Carbohydrate metabolism was studied in 140 children of the study group. Boys were 62, average age 10.0±4.9, girls were 78, average age 8.8±4.5. The parameters of serum glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were evaluated. The Homeostatic Model Assessment (NOMA) Insulin resistance Index will be calculated using the formula: NOMA-IR = (fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) x fasting serum insulin (mkED / ml))/22.5 (Cuartero B., 2007). The physical development of children was evaluated according to WHO standards (2006) using the WHO Anthro Plus program (2009). We evaluated the values of the average values of body weight(MT), height (body length, DT) and body mass index (BMI) in five groups of newborns. The nutritional status was determined by the values of the Z-score value. Mathematical calculation of the results was carried out on a personal IBM — compatible computer using the statistical program Statistica 6.0.Results. In children with GI, there was a tendency to increase the NOME index, both in frequency and in absolute terms, from the age of 8 and persisted until the age of 15(0,65±0,14;0,42±0,04; 4,89±1,12; 4,86±0,44; according to the age periods, p< 0.005).Conclusion. Thus, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in children with GI depend on the child’s age and body weight. In overweight children, an increase in C-peptide, insulin, and the resistance index was observed, which suggests that children with GI occurring against the background of overweight at the age of 8–11 and 12–15 years are threatened by the formation of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension.

Assessment of working conditions at mining enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Zh.T. Alpysbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Functional Systems ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
The Impact

The author presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of working conditions and functional systems of the body of workers in the conditions of by-product coke production. Harmful factors of the working environment negatively impacting on the health indicators of workers, which is reflected in the high values of morbidity with temporary disability. Quantitative criteria for identifying risk groups and disability were determined depending on the professional group, work experience, gender and age. To calculate the risk range, the method of rationing of intensive indicators was used, which makes it possible to assess the effect of production on the morbidity of workers, as well as to use the results obtained for a comprehensive integral assessment of the likelihood of the risk of disability in the studied professional groups. Ranges of risk have been obtained, which will help to identify "risk groups" among workers requiring examination and preventive measures. Equations of multiple regressions for complex integral risk assessment are obtained, risk forecast for the studied professional groups is calculated. The developed mathematical model and equations of multiple regressions make it possible to calculate the stress levels of the functional systems of the body, to quickly assess the performance of a person both at the time of examination and in production conditions. The proposed method for assessing the impact of working conditions on health indicators can be used at mining enterprises when certifying workplaces and assessing working conditions. The developed methodological recommendations are used in the educational process to improve the quality of scientific research, to analyze the results obtained, as well as in production to simplify the procedure for assessing the impact of harmful production factors on workers and the scientific organization of labor.

scholarly journals Body Composition, Insulin Resistance and Mediators of Appetite and Energy Homeostasis in Hyperthyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A825-A825
Author(s):  
Avinash Patil ◽  
Suresh Vaikkakara ◽  
Alok Sachan ◽  
P Varma Buddharaju
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Hyperthyroidism is associated with reduced body weight despite an increase in appetite; due mainly to an increase in energy production. While appetite is regulated by the balance of orexogenic and anorexogenic peripheral signals like Ghrelin and Leptin respectively, energy expenditure is profoundly influenced by thyroxine itself as well as mediators like FGF 21 and Leptin. Hyperthyroidism offers a good model to study the impact of thyroid hormones on the above mediators. Materials & Methods: 35 adult patients with overt hyperthyroidism were evaluated for leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, FGF21 levels & insulin resistance as well as the body composition by DEXA both at baseline and a minimum of two months following normalization of serum thyroxin on carbimazole treatment. Results: Correction of hyperthyroidism was associated with an increase in body weight including both the lean body (p&lt;0.001) and the fat mass (p&lt;0.001), but with no change in percentage of total body fat (p=0.516). Accompanying the weight gain, there was no change in adiponectin (p=0.98), while a paradoxical decrease in insulin resistance was observed (p&lt;0.001). Correction of hyperthyroidism was also associated with a decrease in FGF21 (p&lt;0.001) and leptin levels (p=0.03) and an increase in ghrelin (p=0.05). Conclusion: Thyrotoxic state is associated with high leptin & FGF21 levels - both known to be thermogenic. Despite a lower weight and fat mass, thyrotoxicosis is associated with insulin resistance- possibly a direct effect of thyroxine. Ghrelin levels are low in thyrotoxicosis; which together with raised leptin is an unexpected finding, given the increased appetite observed in this condition.

scholarly journals Features and relationships of metabolic syndrome components in men with androgen deficiency. Part 2. Disorders of carbohydrate and purine metabolism. Retrospective study data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sh. Pavlova ◽  
V. Yu. Grevina
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Purine Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Androgen Deficiency

Introduction. There are few epidemiological data on violations of purine and carbohydrate metabolism in association with testosterone deficiency in men with overweight due to adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome (MS).Aim: to study the relationships between disturbances in carbohydrate and purine metabolism and testosterone level in men with excess adipose tissue and MS.Materials and Мethods. There were enrolled 64 overweight men to the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the body mass index (BMI): group 1 – with overweight (n = 24), group 2 – with the first degree of obesity (n = 21), group 3 – with the second and third degree of obesity (n = 19). A correlation analysis was carried out between the data of carbohydrate and purine metabolism in relation to testosterone level and body composition, as well as additionally assessing the level of inter-group difference.Results. The relationship between the parameters of carbohydrate and purine metabolism and the level of total testosterone has been identified, and it's formed against the background of overdeveloped adipose tissue. A weak negative correlation was found across the sample between testosterone and glucose, insulin, and the НОМА-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) index. That is, the higher the level of glucose, the НОМА-IR index, the lower the testosterone level. In addition, it was noted that an increase in BMI caused higher insulin levels. The number of patients with fasting blood glucose levels above 5.6 mmol/L and insulin resistance also increased. In the group with I degree of obesity, a negative correlation was found between the levels of total testosterone and uric acid.Conclusion. Thus, the thesis is confirmed that the more significant the violation of carbohydrate and purine metabolism, the more significant androgenic deficiency. It is obvious that the most effective solution in choosing a strategy for treating androgen deficiency and disorders of carbohydrate and purine metabolism in overweight men is to normalize body composition and get rid of excess adipose tissue.

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