Comparative Study of Vaginitis and Candida in Sexually Active Women in Traditional Sprawling Town in the Niger Delta, South – South Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Age Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
Microbial Agents

This study was carried out to investigate the aetiologic agents of vaginitis in sexually active women in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The subjects were 150 randomly selected sexually active women attending antenatal, postnatal, gynaecology and family planning clinics in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of General Hospital Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State. Two high vaginal swab samples were taken from each pregnant and non-pregnant woman, which translated to 80 samples from pregnant and 70 samples from non-pregnant women. Microscopy and culture including biochemical tests were done for the isolation and identification of organisms. Questionnaires assessing socio-demographic characteristics of the patients were administered. The prevalence of various aetiologic agents was found to be higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women. Candida albicans was more prevalent in pregnant women. Twenty eight samples (35.0%) from the pregnant women yielded C. albicans with p < 0.05. Age range of 16-30 years and ≥ 45 years had high prevalence of C. albicans, though more (40%) in pregnant women. While non-pregnant women in the age group 16-30 years had the highest prevalence of G. vaginalis, 8 (26.7%). Among pregnant women, the widowed had a higher prevalence rate of C. albicans, infection (50%) which was not statistically significant. The divorced non-pregnant women had the highest prevalence of C. albicans with p < 0.05 which was statistically significant. This study also revealed that pregnant women in their second trimester of pregnancy had more C. albicans infection, 15 (46.9%) when compared to other trimesters of pregnancy. Women who were pregnant for the first time or primigravidae had higher prevalence of C. albicans, 13 (37.1%) when compared to others. Pregnant women who use contraceptives prior to their recent pregnancies were found to have more infections of G. vaginalis, 14 (93.3%). Non-pregnant women on antibiotics had increased prevalence of C. albicans, 44.4%. The highest prevalence of C. albicans and T. vaginalis, 5 (6.3%) coinfection was seen in pregnant women. Irrespective of the women’s status, none were coinfected with the three microbial agents.

scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis screening and treatment of pregnant women in Port-au-Prince, Haiti

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1130-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire C Bristow ◽  
Patricia Mathelier ◽  
Oksana Ocheretina ◽  
Daphne Benoit ◽  
Jean W Pape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Prevalence

In Haiti, routine screening for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among pregnant women is not conducted; yet these sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with adverse birth and newborn health outcomes. We aimed to assess the acceptability and feasibility of screening and the prevalence of STIs among pregnant women in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Pregnant women of at least 18 years of age who attend Haitian Study Group for Kaposi’s sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO) clinics in Port-au-Prince, Haiti provided self-collected vaginal swab specimens. Laboratory testing was done with Xpert® CT/NG and Xpert® TV. The results of this study showed that of the 322 pregnant women who visited GHESKIO for their regular scheduled appointments, 300 (93.2%) consented for CT, NG, and TV testing. Of those, 107 women (35.7%) tested positive for at least one STI. There were 42 (14.7%) cases of CT, 8 (2.8%) NG, and 83 (29.0%) TV infections. Most infections were treated – 122 of 133 (91.7%). In summary, we found that it was highly acceptable and feasible to implement CT, NG, and TV screening among pregnant women in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. We found high prevalence of STIs among pregnant women, which suggest that STI screening in this population may be warranted.

scholarly journals Isolation and genotyping of Candida albicans involved in vaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in Sulaymaniyah and Erbil cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-502
Author(s):  
Khattab Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Genotype C ◽  
25S Rdna

Background and objective: Vaginal candidiasis is a common infection among pregnant women. The current study aimed to investigate the etiologic species of vaginal candidiasis and the genotypes of C. albicans isolated from vaginal samples among pregnant women in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Methods: Vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women admitted to the Maternity hospital in Sulaymaniyah and Erbil cities from March 2016 to December 2018. Candida isolates were identified on CHROMagar medium, then confirmed with PCR depending on ITS region. All C. albicans isolates were confirmed using chitin synthase gene (CHS1) and subjected to genotypic analysis based on the transposable intron in 25S rDNA with using CA25S and CA-INT primers. DNA sequencing of 25S rDNA region was done by using CA and CA-INT primers. Results: Among 340 women tested, 114 (33.53%) were positive for vaginal candidiasis. Five Candida species were identified, where they are C. albicans (56.14%), C. glabrata (24.56%), C. kefyr (11.40%), C. tropicalis (5.27%) and C. krusei (2.63%). It has been found that C. albicans significantly (P <0.01) higher than non-albicans species. The genotypes A (450 bp), B (840 bp), and C (450 and 840 bp) of C. albicans were detected. The Genotype A (54.69%) was the most prevalent, followed by Genotype B (34.38%) and Genotype C (10.94%). In regards to genetic variation, genotypes A and B were more similar compared to genotype C. Conclusion: The current study revealed a high prevalence of vaginal candidiasis with different genotypes of C. albicans among pregnant women. Therefore, it is worth considering a vaginal swab culture with clinical symptoms during the diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis. Keywords: Candida; Genotypes; Vulvovaginitis; Candidiasis; Prevalence.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Usage of Contraceptive among College of Health Sciences Students of Niger Delta University, Amassoma Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Oniso J.I. ◽  
Tawari E.P.
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Health Sciences Students ◽  
First Time

Background: Contraceptives are the of use artificial devices to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease such as HIV/STIs. Despite the existence of numerous family planning programmes in recent years, the prevalence rate of contraceptive use remains low in several developing countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the use Contraceptive among students in the College of Health of Health Science, Niger Delta University, Amassoma. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted among two hundred (200) students of the College of Health of Health Science, Niger Delta University aged 16-30 years. Data collection was carried out using both self-administered questionnaire Results: Data showed that majority of the students in College of Health Science, Niger Delta University are about (84%) sexually experience with most of the first sexual experiences occurring within the 16-20 years’ age group. 47 % identified that they discuss contraceptives the first time they had sex while 22.0 % of the respondents revealed that they did not discuss any contraceptives with their partner the first they had sex. 30.5% sexually active females stated that they have been pregnant and 34.1% sexually active males had impregnated a girl, (50%) ended up in abortion while (6.8%) respondents are currently pregnant. Conclusion: A sizable number of respondents revealed that they did not use any contraceptives the first time they had sex. Therefore, there is a need to improve the awareness and encourage the use of conceptive among youths.

The human vaginal microbial community dysbiosis contributes to the urinary tract infections during pregnancy: Case study of Gisenyi District Hospital, Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Callixte Yadufashije ◽  
Liliane Muhimpundu ◽  
Emmanuel Munyeshyaka ◽  
Joseph Mucumbitsi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract Infections (UTIs) are the common infections during pregnancy. About 150 million UTIs occur every year globally, and 30% is attributed to pregnant women. Aims and Objective: The study was carried out to observe the association with vaginal microbial community imbalance and urinary tract infections among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 pregnant women were recruited. Of the 80 women, 40 were pregnant with UTI, and the remaining 40 were women without UTI. About 80 vaginal swab samples were collected and transported to INES clinical microbiology laboratory for microbiological analysis. Laboratory techniques including culture, gram stain, and biochemical tests were performed. ANOVA-2 was used for comparison, while chi square (χ2) was used to test for association. Results: E. coli was predominant among women with UTIs while Lactobacilli predominated among women without UTIs. There was a statistical significance association with vaginal microbial community imbalance and urinary tract infection among pregnant women to Escherichia coli (χ2=9.97, p=0.0015), Staphylococcus epidermidis (χ2=5.12, p=0.023), Proteus spp (χ2=4.96, P=0.025), Citrobacter spp (χ2=32.51, P<0.00001), Streptococcus pyogenes (χ2=5.11, P=0.023), Staphylococcus sapropyticus (χ2=4.3, p=0.038) and Lactobacilli species (χ2=13.7, p=0.00021). The overall association (χ2=94.879, p<0.00001) with all isolated microorganisms and urinary tract infections was statistically significant. The odd ratio of pathogenic microorganisms to non-pathogenic was OR=4.98>1. For ANOVA-2, there was a higher microbial variation or differences among women with UTIs (F=7.241842) compared to women without UTIs (F= 4.71 ) in pregnancy trimesters. Conclusion: Pregnancy is associated with vaginal microbial community imbalances which predispose women to urinary tract infections. Pregnant women should seek for medical assistance during pregnancy for early detection of urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals High prevalence of qnrA and qnrB genes among fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chibuzor M. Nsofor ◽  
Mirabeau Y. Tattfeng ◽  
Chijioke A. Nsofor
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of qnr genes among fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (FREC) isolates from Nigeria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion technique. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify Escherichia coli (E. coli) and for the detection of qnr genes. Results A total of 206 non-duplicate E. coli were isolated from 300 clinical specimens analyzed. In all, 30 (14.6%) of these isolates were FREC; the resistance to fluoroquinolones among these 30 FREC showed 80% (24), 86.7% (26), 86.7% (26), 100% (30), 86.7% (26), 93.3% (28) and 86.7% (26) were resistant to pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin, respectively. The distribution of FREC among the various sample sources analyzed showed that 14%, 10%, 13.3%, 16.7% and 20% of the isolates came from urine, stool, high vaginal swab, endo cervical swab and wound swab specimens, respectively. More FREC were isolated from female samples 73.3% (22) compared to male samples 26.7% (8) and were more prevalent among the age group 26–35 years (40%). Twenty eight out of the 30 (93.3%) FREC isolates possessed at least one fluoroquinolone resistance gene in the form of qnrA 10 (33.3%) and qnrB 18 (60%), respectively; qnrS was not detected among the FREC isolates analyzed and 13.5% of the isolates possessed both the qnrA and qnrB genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates were genetically diverse. Conclusions These findings suggest a possible resistance to fluoroquinolone is of high interest for better management of patients and control of antimicrobial resistance in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Caring for Pregnant Patients with COVID-19: Practical Tips Getting from Policy to Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (08) ◽  
pp. 850-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya London ◽  
Rodney McLaren ◽  
Janet Stein ◽  
Fouad Atallah ◽  
Nelli Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Key Points ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Psychosocial Challenges ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Hospital Protocols ◽  
Zip Code

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with most American cases in New York. As an institution residing in a high-prevalence zip code, with over 8,000 births annually, we have cared for over 80 COVID-19-infected pregnant women, and have encountered many challenges in applying new national standards for care. In this article, we review how to change outpatient and inpatient practices, develop, and disseminate new hospital protocols, and we highlight the psychosocial challenges for pregnant patients and their providers. Key Points

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene and frequency of blood types in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Can ◽  
Sedef Erkunt Alak ◽  
Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu ◽  
Umut Şahar ◽  
Berna Bostanbaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Heterozygous Form ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Cytidine monophospho-n-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene associated with blood groups in cats encodes CMAH enzyme that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc. Although variations in CMAH gene of pedigree cats have been revealed, the presence/lack of them in non-pedigree stray cats is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the variations in CMAH gene and the quantity of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc on erythrocytes of non-pedigree stray cats (n:12) living in İzmir, Turkey. Also, the frequency of blood types was determined in 76 stray cats including 12 cats that were used for CMAH and Neu5A/Neu5Gc analysis. Results In total, 14 SNPs were detected in 5’UTR as well as in exon 2, 4, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of CMAH gene. Among these SNPs, -495 C > T in 5’UTR was detected for the first time as heterozygous in type A and AB cats, and homozygous and heterozygous in type B cats. The remaining 13 that have been detected in previous studies were also found as homozygous or heterozygous. Both Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac were detected in type A and AB cats. In type B cats, only Neu5Ac was detected. Among two type AB cats, the level of Neu5Ac was found higher in cat carrying heterozygous form (T/C) of 1392T > C. The prevalence of type B cats (67.1 %) was higher than others. Conclusions The presence of a new SNP as well as previous SNPs indicates that more variations can be found in stray cats with a more comprehensive study in the future. Also, the high prevalence of type B cats demonstrates the possible risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis among stray cats living in İzmir, Turkey.

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