scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SERAT IJUK PADA PAVING BLOCK BERBAHAN PLASTIK HDPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Denny Meisandy Hutauruk ◽  
Muhammad Irwansyah ◽  
Akbar Alfa
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Fiber Plastic ◽  
The One ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

The waste problem continues to be a complex issue. On the one hand, the use of plastic still cannot be abandoned by humans, but on the other hand the waste produced is very difficult to decompose. In Indonesia, in 2015 the amount of waste reached 64 million tons / year. Palm fiber is one of the materials that can be used as composite fiber. In this study, a research will be conducted on the manufacture of paving blocks made from HDPE plastic combined with variations of 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% palm fiber. Plastic waste is melted and put into a mold and then combined with palm fiber. From the test results, the highest compressive strength (2% fiber variation) was 45.91 kg/cm2 and the average compressive strength was 45.28 kg/cm2. This compressive strength is under the minimum compressive strength standard of SNI   Permasalahan sampah masih terus menjadi isu kompleks. Di satu sisi, penggunaan plastik masih belum bisa ditinggalkan manusia, namun di sisi lain sampah yang dihasilkan sangat sulit terurai. Di indonesia, pada tahun 2015 tercatat banyaknya sampah mencapai 64 juta ton/tahun. Ijuk merupakan salah satu material yang dapat digunakan sebagai serat komposit. Pda penelitian ini akan dilakukan penelitian mengenai pembuatan paving block berbahan dasar plastik HDPE yang dikombinasikan dengan variasi serat ijuk 0%, 1%, 2 % dan 3%. Limbah plastik dilelehkan dan dimasukkan ke dalam cetakan lalu dipadukan dengan serat ijuk. Dari hasil pengujian, didapatkan kuat tekan tertinggi (variasi serat 2%) sebesar 45,91 kg/cm2 dan kuat tekan rata-ratanya sebesar 45,28 kg/cm2. Kuat tekan ini berada di bawah standar kuat tekan minimal dari SNI.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ABU SABUT KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN SEMEN TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN PAVING BLOCK

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Wahyu Firdaus ◽  
Yuzuar Afrizal ◽  
Agustin Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Initial Flow ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

The Oil palm fiber ash has a silica content of 59.1% which make it possible as a partial replacement for cement. This research was aimed to determine the effect of oil palm fiber ash as a partial replacement of cement to compressive strength of paving block. The specimens was made with a size of 20 cm x 10 cm x 6 cm and used a ratio of 1 cement: 3 sand with the variations of the substitution of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% of the volume cement. The water requirement used the initial flow test according to SNI 03-6882-2002 with each variation had the same amount of water. Specimens printed were soaked in a soaking tub at the age of 1 day for 12 days, then cut into cubes of 5 cm all side using a grinder. The testing of the compressive strength was done at the age of 14 days. Results of the average compressive strength in variations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% were respectively 15,13 MPa, 15,36 MPa, 16,02 MPa, 12,97 MPa, 12,16 MPa, 10.00 MPa and 8.01 MPa. The test results showed that the highest increase occurred on the replacement variation of 5% (5.85% from normal paving block) and the maximum decrease occurred on the replacement variation of 15% which was equal to - 47.09% from the normal paving block. The results of the research indicate that the partial replacement of cement with oil palm fiber ash above 5% of the cement volume decreased the compressive strength of paving block. Keywords : oil palm fiber ash, compressive strength, paving block.

scholarly journals Effect of Fly Ash on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage, and Carbonation Depth of Mortar with Ferronickel-Slag Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Se-Jin Choi ◽  
Ji-Hwan Kim ◽  
Sung-Ho Bae ◽  
Tae-Gue Oh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Slag Powder ◽  
Ferronickel Slag

In recent years, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have continued worldwide. In the construction industry, a large amount of CO2 is generated during the production of Portland cement, and various studies are being conducted to reduce the amount of cement and enable the use of cement substitutes. Ferronickel slag is a by-product generated by melting materials such as nickel ore and bituminous coal, which are used as raw materials to produce ferronickel at high temperatures. In this study, we investigated the fluidity, microhydration heat, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and carbonation characteristics of a ternary cement mortar including ferronickel-slag powder and fly ash. According to the test results, the microhydration heat of the FA20FN00 sample was slightly higher than that of the FA00FN20 sample. The 28-day compressive strength of the FA20FN00 mix was approximately 39.6 MPa, which was higher than that of the other samples, whereas the compressive strength of the FA05FN15 mix including 15% of ferronickel-slag powder was approximately 11.6% lower than that of the FA20FN00 mix. The drying shrinkage of the FA20FN00 sample without ferronickel-slag powder was the highest after 56 days, whereas the FA00FN20 sample without fly ash showed the lowest shrinkage compared to the other mixes.

scholarly journals Properties of High-Strength Flowable Mortar Reinforced with Palm Fibers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eethar Thanon Dawood ◽  
Mahyuddin Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Toughness Index ◽  
Strength And Toughness

This study was conducted to determine some physical and mechanical properties of high-strength flowable mortar reinforced with different percentages of palm fiber (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6% as volumetric fractions). The density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and toughness index were tested to determine the mechanical properties of this mortar. Test results illustrate that the inclusion of this fiber reduces the density of mortar. The use of 0.6% of palm fiber increases the compressive strength and flexural strength by about 15.1%, and 16%, respectively; besides, the toughness index (I5) of the high-strength flowable mortar has been significantly enhanced by the use of 1% and more of palm fiber.

scholarly journals Study of the resistance, porosity, and migration of chloride ions of BAPbased crushing sand

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01093
Author(s):  
Benyamina Smain ◽  
Siham Kamali-Bernard ◽  
Kenai Said ◽  
Menadi Belkacem
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Limestone Fines

Self-compacting concretes (SCC), are hyper-fluid concretes, placed without vibration and are considered as one of the most important innovations of the last decade in construction. SCCs offer many advantages, due to their exceptional characteristics of flow and filling of formwork. Their compositions require a large quantity of fines in order to limit bleeding and segregation. Hence, the use of crushed sand (SC), rich in limestone fines (CF) in the manufacture of self-placing concretes (SCC), can be considered as an alternative source of fillers. These sands reduce the cost of SCC by reducing the high demand for fillers on the one hand and on the other hand, obtaining SCC with good physical and mechanical properties. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of different percentages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) of (CF) in crushed sand on SCC performance. The evolution of the compressive strength, the porosity accessible to water and the migration coefficient of the chloride ions were evaluated. The Okamura method was used for the formulation of all SCC mixtures. Sand/mortar (S/M), water/cement (W / C) ratios and superplasticizer content were kept constant. The results show that (CF) reduce the compressive strength but contribute to the reduction of porosity and migration of chloride ions.

Bit Swap Established on EOC for VDSL

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 1170-1175
Author(s):  
Chen En Liu ◽  
Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Digital Subscriber Line ◽  
Crosstalk Noise ◽  
Line System ◽  
Subscriber Line ◽  
High Bit Rate ◽  
The One ◽  
Very High

With the rapid development of VDSL (Very high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line) system, not all the tones have the same margin. In order to cope with the slowly-changing channel, Bit Swap is utilized to swap the tone pairs: the one has a high margin while the other one has a relatively low margin. Although the Bit Swap has been proposed before, there is no Bit Swap established on EOC and the proposed scheme also implements coarse and fine SNR margin tuning. The paper presents the architecture and process of Bit Swap based on EOC and also proposes the method to adjust the margin for tones calculated to be swapped. After thoroughly tested, the test results show that the proposed scheme functions well. Compared with the scheme without Bit Swap, it greatly improves the performance against crosstalk noise and can reduce the RS errors to zero.

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIASI DIAMETER MAKSIMUM AGREGAT DALAM CAMPURAN TERHADAP KEKUATAN TEKAN BETON

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Helwiyah Zain
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

Aggregate is a natural mineral grains that serve as filler in concrete mix, and the greatest material contained in the concrete. These material influence on the properties of concrete, so that the diameter size selection is essential in making the concrete. This study aims to determine the effect of variations of aggregate maximum diameter to the compressive strength of concrete. In this study used 15 specimens, were divided into 3 groups witch each of 5 specimens. Each group is distinguished aggregate maximum diameter: 31.5 mm, 16 mm, and 8 mm. Specimens used in this study is the specimen cylinder with a diameter of 15 cm and 30 cm high. Speciment tested done at age of concrete 28 days. The average compressive strength of concrete for each group of test based on variations of  the aggregate maximum diameter is: for the aggregate maximum diameter of 31.5 mm = 249.67 kg / cm2; the aggregate maximum diameter 16 mm = 274.91 kg / cm2; and the aggregate maximum diameter of 8 mm = 326.74 kg / cm2. Based on these test results, show that the average compressive strength of the concrete for the aggregate maximum diameter of 16 mm is 10.11% stronger than the concrete with the aggregate maximum diameter of 31.5 mm; and the strength of concrete aggregate maximum diameter of 8 mm, 30.87% stronger than the concrete with aggregate maximum diameter of 31.5 mm.

Vestibular test results related to stimulation intensity

1978 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1061-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Norré
Keyword(s):  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Stimulation Intensity ◽  
Stable Function ◽  
Vestibular Testing ◽  
The One

AbstractThe application of several stimulation intensities in vestibular testing leads us to some new considerations about the interpretation of vestibular test results. Indeed, in the ordinary testing procedures, only one stimulation intensity is used. The results thus obtained are considered to reflect the functional capacity of the system examined and are taken to be absolute. However, when we apply different intensities, we can see that in not a negligible number of cases, the results are very different and are related to the intensity applied. On the one hand, this provides some interesting supplementary information about vestibular function which can be expressed in the notions of ‘recruitment’ and ‘decruitment’, or rather of ‘labile’ and ‘stable’ function. On the other hand, as we only use one stimulation intensity in our ordinary tests, we have to be very cautious and to consider their results always in relation to the applied stimulus. We should always remember that, in some cases, the results might be different if we were to apply a different intensity. This is also very important when we compare the results of different authors, using different stimulation techniques.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN KUAT TEKAN BETON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SERAT BENDRAT SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Hermansyah ◽  
Moh Ihsan Sibgotuloh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Fiber Concrete ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

The more widespread use of concrete construction and the increasing scale of construction, the higher the demand for materials used in concrete mixes. One of the innovations of concrete is fiber concrete. Hope the addition of fiber in concrete mixes such as wire fiber to increase the compressive strength value of normal concrete that is often used, so the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of adding wire fiber to the ease of working (workability) of the concrete mixture and to determine the effect of adding wire fiber to concrete compressive strength. In this study, the fiber used is the type of wire fiber with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 60 mm. Fiber variations used are 0%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% based on the weight of fresh concrete. Concrete mix (mix design) using SNI 03-2834-2000 about concrete mix planning with a test life of 28 days. The test results showed that the lowest average compressive strength of 12,291 MPa occurred at 0% variation and the highest average compressive strength value of 20,656 MPa at 0.8% fiber variation. The increase is caused by the even distribution of fibers in the concrete produced, the higher the variation that is given by the fiber, the better the fiber spread, from these fibers provide a fairly good contribution to the fiber concrete

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENCACAH PLASTIK JENIS PET SKALA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA (HOME INDUSTRY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Yoel Frenky Silitonga
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Home Industries

Various community problems that often occur in life are waste problems, including plastic bottle waste. Plastic waste is now possible to be recycled again and one way to help the recycling process is to make a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) plastic waste shredding machine that can be used by home industries and is expected to increase work efficiency. The research method using the RE (Reverse Action) method begins with the design and fabrication of a plastic chopping machine. From the results of the design of the machine has dimensions of 450mm high and 500mm wide. In the chopping area, the engine has 28 blades which are driven by two shafts, where one shaft is driven and the other is driven through the gears. The transmission system uses sprockets and chains. The main driving force for the plastic chopping machine uses an electric motor with a power of 2 HP and a rotation of 35 rpm. From the test results, 1 kg of plastic cups can be chopped in 2 minutes, while 1 kg of plastic bottles can be chopped in 1.5 minutesBerbagai persoalan masyarakat yang sering terjadi dalam kehidupan adalah masalah sampah, antara lain sampah botol plastik. Sampah plastik kini sangat memungkinkan untuk bisa didaur ulang kembali dan salah satu cara untuk membantu proses daur ulang tersebut adalah membuat mesin pencacah sampah plastik jenis PET (polyethylene terephthalate) yang mampu digunakan industri rumah tangga dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi kerja. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode RE (Reverse Action) diawali dengan melakukan perancangan dan fabrikasi mesin pencacah plastik. Dari hasil perancangan mesin memiliki dimensi tinggi 450mm dan lebar 500mm. Pada area pencacahan mesin mempunyai 28 pisau yang digerakan oleh dua poros, dimana satu poros sebagai penggerak dan satu  lagi poros yang digerakan melalui roda gigi.. Sitem transmisi menggunakan sprocket dan rantai. Penggerak utama mesin pencacah plastik menggunakan motor listrik dengan daya 2 HP dan putaran poros pisau pencacah 35 rpm. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan 1kg gelas plastik dapat dicacah dalam waktu 2 menit, sedangkan untuk 1kg botol plastik dapat dicacah dalam waktu 1,5 menit.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ABU SABUT KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN PENAMBAH SEMEN TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN PAVING BLOCK

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Agustin Gunawan ◽  
Febriyan Abimanyu ◽  
Yuzuar Afrizal
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Average Compressive Strength ◽  
The Way

The research is motivated by the large amount of untreated oil palm industrial waste, with a silica contet. This research was aimed to find the compressive strengh of paving block that use oil palm fiber ash as the added material to cement. This research method was experimental. The paving block making prosess was done in the way which the factory did. The specimens made had a size of 20 cm x 10 cm x 6 cm with a ratio of 1 cement : 3 sand. The variations of the ash addition were consecutively 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%, 10%, 12,5% and 15% to the volume of cement. The total number of specimens was 35, with 5 pieces for each variation. Water requirement in each mixture referred to SNI 03-6882-2002. Paving block was formed manually, soaked for 12 days, then at the age of 13 days paving block was cut into cubes with 5 cm on each side and tested for compressive strength at the age of 14 days. The results of the average compressive strength of paving block in each variation were consecutively 15,13 MPa, 15,22 MPa, 15,78 MPa, 16,44 Mpa, 16,53 MPa, 13,77 MPa and 10,37 MPa. The highest value of compressive strength occurred on the addition of 10% which was equal to 16,53 MPa (increased by 9,25% from the normal paving block (variation of 0%) and the largest decrease occurred on the variation of 15% (-31,51% from the normal paving block).  Keywords : paving block, compressive strength, oil palm fiber ash

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