scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENCACAH PLASTIK JENIS PET SKALA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA (HOME INDUSTRY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Yoel Frenky Silitonga
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Home Industries

Various community problems that often occur in life are waste problems, including plastic bottle waste. Plastic waste is now possible to be recycled again and one way to help the recycling process is to make a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) plastic waste shredding machine that can be used by home industries and is expected to increase work efficiency. The research method using the RE (Reverse Action) method begins with the design and fabrication of a plastic chopping machine. From the results of the design of the machine has dimensions of 450mm high and 500mm wide. In the chopping area, the engine has 28 blades which are driven by two shafts, where one shaft is driven and the other is driven through the gears. The transmission system uses sprockets and chains. The main driving force for the plastic chopping machine uses an electric motor with a power of 2 HP and a rotation of 35 rpm. From the test results, 1 kg of plastic cups can be chopped in 2 minutes, while 1 kg of plastic bottles can be chopped in 1.5 minutesBerbagai persoalan masyarakat yang sering terjadi dalam kehidupan adalah masalah sampah, antara lain sampah botol plastik. Sampah plastik kini sangat memungkinkan untuk bisa didaur ulang kembali dan salah satu cara untuk membantu proses daur ulang tersebut adalah membuat mesin pencacah sampah plastik jenis PET (polyethylene terephthalate) yang mampu digunakan industri rumah tangga dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi kerja. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode RE (Reverse Action) diawali dengan melakukan perancangan dan fabrikasi mesin pencacah plastik. Dari hasil perancangan mesin memiliki dimensi tinggi 450mm dan lebar 500mm. Pada area pencacahan mesin mempunyai 28 pisau yang digerakan oleh dua poros, dimana satu poros sebagai penggerak dan satu  lagi poros yang digerakan melalui roda gigi.. Sitem transmisi menggunakan sprocket dan rantai. Penggerak utama mesin pencacah plastik menggunakan motor listrik dengan daya 2 HP dan putaran poros pisau pencacah 35 rpm. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan 1kg gelas plastik dapat dicacah dalam waktu 2 menit, sedangkan untuk 1kg botol plastik dapat dicacah dalam waktu 1,5 menit.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SERAT IJUK PADA PAVING BLOCK BERBAHAN PLASTIK HDPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Denny Meisandy Hutauruk ◽  
Muhammad Irwansyah ◽  
Akbar Alfa
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Fiber Plastic ◽  
The One ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

The waste problem continues to be a complex issue. On the one hand, the use of plastic still cannot be abandoned by humans, but on the other hand the waste produced is very difficult to decompose. In Indonesia, in 2015 the amount of waste reached 64 million tons / year. Palm fiber is one of the materials that can be used as composite fiber. In this study, a research will be conducted on the manufacture of paving blocks made from HDPE plastic combined with variations of 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% palm fiber. Plastic waste is melted and put into a mold and then combined with palm fiber. From the test results, the highest compressive strength (2% fiber variation) was 45.91 kg/cm2 and the average compressive strength was 45.28 kg/cm2. This compressive strength is under the minimum compressive strength standard of SNI   Permasalahan sampah masih terus menjadi isu kompleks. Di satu sisi, penggunaan plastik masih belum bisa ditinggalkan manusia, namun di sisi lain sampah yang dihasilkan sangat sulit terurai. Di indonesia, pada tahun 2015 tercatat banyaknya sampah mencapai 64 juta ton/tahun. Ijuk merupakan salah satu material yang dapat digunakan sebagai serat komposit. Pda penelitian ini akan dilakukan penelitian mengenai pembuatan paving block berbahan dasar plastik HDPE yang dikombinasikan dengan variasi serat ijuk 0%, 1%, 2 % dan 3%. Limbah plastik dilelehkan dan dimasukkan ke dalam cetakan lalu dipadukan dengan serat ijuk. Dari hasil pengujian, didapatkan kuat tekan tertinggi (variasi serat 2%) sebesar 45,91 kg/cm2 dan kuat tekan rata-ratanya sebesar 45,28 kg/cm2. Kuat tekan ini berada di bawah standar kuat tekan minimal dari SNI.

scholarly journals Zanieczyszczenie świetlne. Zagrożenia i sposoby jego ograniczania

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 254-266
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Sala
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Existing Data

Threats Related to Light Pollution and Ways to Reduce it The natural environment can be exposed to many different types of pollution. The most frequently mentioned are air, water, soil and radioactive contamination. On the other hand, light pollution is mentioned much less frequently. Light pollution only applies to light from artificial sources. It turns out that light, in addition to its undisputable advantages and colossal significance for life, in some cases can be associated with significant threats. The purpose and premise of this publication is to show that light pollution involves a considerable threat to the natural environment, including animals and humans. However, there are ways to effectively limit this phenomenon. The paper discusses the concept of light pollution, its sources, forms and division. Particular attention has been devoted to the characterisation of the threats that it brings with regard to the natural environment, including humans. The publication also reveals examples of actions to reduce this harmful phenomenon. The article has been created using book materials, magazines, as well as information available online. The research method used in the publication is existing data analysis and literary criticism. The test results verify the premise positively.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND NATIONAL LAW IN HANDLING MARINE PLASTIC LITTER

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Andreas Pramudianto
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
National Borders

The spread of marine plastic litter is increasing and dangerous for habitats and marine living such as the discovery of plastic in fish, sea turtles, whale mammals and even seabirds. To suppress and reduce plastic waste in the sea, one of them is to strengthen the role of law both international, regional and national law. The research objective is to analyze international, regional and national law in the perspective of international law sources to deal with marine plastic litter. The research method in this study is an analytical description based on a normative juridical approach. The results of the study show that international law in the perspective of international law sources has attempted to regulate plastic waste in the sea even though it is limited. Handling of marine plastic litter does not yet have comprehensive regulations or regulated separately. In the other hand, national law becomes important in handling at the respective jurisdiction boundaries, although limited in the application of rules due to the existence of national jurisdiction. Provisional conclusions show that international law still has an important role to play especially in relation to marine plastic litter that crosses national borders or outside national jurisdiction.

scholarly journals Overview on Manufacturing of Tiles from Plastic Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 4978-4981
Author(s):  
Ramatai Somwanshi
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Binding Material ◽  
Transverse Resistance ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Water Absorption Test ◽  
Resistance Tests

Plastic waste is a non-biodegradable waste which cannot decompose and this creates water, land pollution and air pollution. Also, while we burn the plastic waste in Dumping Ground, the percentage of plastic waste is increasing rapidly. It is estimated that the plastic waste will double after a decade as we use hundred grades of plastic in our daily life. We can recycle, reuse the plastic waste. As a civil engineer we have to innovate something new related to this, which is a boon for civil engineering. So, here we try to do something innovative as reuse of plastic waste for the production of floor tiles. The present investigation at manufacturing Floor tiles using waste plastic in different properties with Fly ash, without use of cement and comparing it with the normal cement tiles. To evaluate different physical and mechanical properties, tests like water absorption test, transverse resistance, resistance of impact and abrasion resistance tests were carried out as per IS specifications on the plastic tile and these test results were compared with normal cement tiles. The results obtained have shown better result compared to normal tile. As per this study it can considered to use plastic waste as a binding material instead of cement in manufacture of floor tiles. However, we generally use two to three types of polymers to make tiles,” Paras explains. High-density polyethene (HDPE), Polypropylene (PP), and sometimes Low-density Polyethylene (LDPE). “We mix 15 per cent of fillers while recycling the plastics, to make it more tensile and durable.

Adding an expansive agent to increase the toughness of steel fibre reinforced concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Leo Gu Li ◽  
Albert Kwok Hung Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Steel Fibre ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Shrinkage Cracking ◽  
Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Expansive Agent ◽  
Concrete Matrix

Previous research studies have indicated that using fibres to improve crack resistance and applying expansive agent (EA) to compensate shrinkage are both effective methods to mitigate shrinkage cracking of concrete, and the additions of both fibres and EA can enhance the other performance attributes of concrete. In this study, an EA was added to fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) to produce concrete mixes with various water/binder (W/B) ratios, steel fibre (SF) contents and EA contents for testing of their workability and compressive properties. The test results showed that adding EA would slightly increase the superplasticiser (SP) demand and decrease the compressive strength, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, but significantly improve the toughness and specific toughness of the steel FRC produced. Such improvement in toughness may be attributed to the pre-stress of the concrete matrix and the confinement effect of the SFs due to the expansion of the concrete and the restraint of the SFs against such expansion.

Teks Anekdot dalam Cerita Lisan Yong Dollah Pewarisan Orang Melayu Sebagai Alternatif Pemilihan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia

GERAM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mukhlis ◽  
Asnawi Asnawi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Generic Structure ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Alternative Choice ◽  
Generic Structures ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This research is entitled as "Anecdotal Text in the Oral Story of Yong Dollah Inheritance of Malays as Alternative Choice for Indonesian Language Teaching Materials". It is inspired by the collection of Yong Dollah stories as the inheritance of Malays in Bengkalis Regency which contain of humor elements. In addition, the stories have the same characteristics with anecdotal text, so that it can be applied as teaching material for Indonesia Language subject in the school. This research method was content analysis of descriptive approach. This research was conducted during six months. The technique used to collect data were documentation and interview. The data of this study were the entire generic structure and language features of anecdotal texts contained in a collection of Yong Dollah stories which consisted of 11 stories. The result showed that as following. First, there are five texts contain of complete generic structures and six texts contain of incomplete generic structure which is coda part for data 2, 3, 5, 8, and 1. Second, about language features, there are four data contains of all language features of Anecdote text, but on the other side, there are seven incomplete language features in the texts. Third, the consideration of choosing Yong Dollah as alternative material for Indonesia Language subject refers to eight indicators that are conveyed based on teachers’ perception toward Anecdote text Yong Dolla. 55 % of number of teachers claim that these texts suitable to be implemented as teaching material, but 44% of them claim neutral, and 1% claim disagree on it.

PENINGKATAN FLUENCY DAN ELABORATION DENGAN MODIFIED FREE INQUIRY

EDUDEENA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Miftakus Surur
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Material Research ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Student Activity ◽  
Free Inquiry ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Research Type

Researchers chose a modified free inquiry model to help improve students’ fluency and elaboration. The purpose of this research is to know the application of modified free inquiry which can improve the student’s fluency and elaboration of students’ thinking on trigonometric material. Research method in this research is qualitative research method and research type is research of class action. The data in this study were obtained from the results of validation, test results, observation of teacher and student activity, and interview result, then apply data triangulation and theory to check the validity of data. The results showed an increase in fluency and elaboration in students. This means that a modified free inquiry model can help improve students’ fluency and elaboration in trigonometric learning. The results are supported by the observation of teacher and student activity that is in accordance with the lesson plan and also the result of the interview which get positive response from the students.Keywords: modified free inquiry, fluency and elaboration, mathematics

Analisa Pengujian Repeatability Timbangan Elektronik dengan Metode Syarat Teknis Timbangan Non Otomatis dan Metode NMI Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Ponco Wali
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Repeat Testing ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Technical Requirements

Testing repeat electronic scales with non-automatic scales technical requirements so far is fairly long if not using a calculator or computer. The aim of this research is to compare the repeatability testing method of electronic scales using methods according to the technical requirements of non-automatic scales and the Australian NMI method, both of which refer to OIML R76 in determining the validity or cancellation of electronic scales repeatability testing. This research method is done through repeat testing on 3 samples of electronic scales, then on each electronic scale 2 test methods are performed. The conclusion is that the electronic scales repeatability testing uses the non-automatic scales technical requirements method and the Australian NMI method has some differences although both refer to OIML R76. These differences include several points, namely the charge used, the method of adding additions, the formula for determining electronic scales, and different test results. The Australian NMI method is deemed to make it easier and more time efficient compared to the non-automatic weighing technical requirements method.

scholarly journals Evaluating Presence/Absence of Target Microbes in Microbiological Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1434
Author(s):  
Robert J Blodgett ◽  
Anthony D Hitchins
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
False Negative ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Logistic Curve ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
Test Portion ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Data Set

Abstract A typical qualitative microbiological method performance (collaborative) study gathers a data set of responses about a test for the presence or absence of a target microbe. We developed 2 models that estimate false-positive and false-negative rates. One model assumes a constant probability that the tests will indicate the target microbe is present for any positive concentration in the test portion. The other model assumes that this probability follows a logistic curve. Test results from several method performance studies illustrate these estimates.

scholarly journals Effect of Fly Ash on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage, and Carbonation Depth of Mortar with Ferronickel-Slag Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Se-Jin Choi ◽  
Ji-Hwan Kim ◽  
Sung-Ho Bae ◽  
Tae-Gue Oh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Slag Powder ◽  
Ferronickel Slag

In recent years, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have continued worldwide. In the construction industry, a large amount of CO2 is generated during the production of Portland cement, and various studies are being conducted to reduce the amount of cement and enable the use of cement substitutes. Ferronickel slag is a by-product generated by melting materials such as nickel ore and bituminous coal, which are used as raw materials to produce ferronickel at high temperatures. In this study, we investigated the fluidity, microhydration heat, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and carbonation characteristics of a ternary cement mortar including ferronickel-slag powder and fly ash. According to the test results, the microhydration heat of the FA20FN00 sample was slightly higher than that of the FA00FN20 sample. The 28-day compressive strength of the FA20FN00 mix was approximately 39.6 MPa, which was higher than that of the other samples, whereas the compressive strength of the FA05FN15 mix including 15% of ferronickel-slag powder was approximately 11.6% lower than that of the FA20FN00 mix. The drying shrinkage of the FA20FN00 sample without ferronickel-slag powder was the highest after 56 days, whereas the FA00FN20 sample without fly ash showed the lowest shrinkage compared to the other mixes.

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