Veterinaire volksgezondheid, een discipline in continue evolutie

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. HOUF
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Veterinary Public Health ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria ◽  
Almost All

Veterinary public health, a discipline in transition. Veterinary public health, a discipline in which veterinarians help control zoonotic animal diseases, has clearly contributed in improving human health. Since the early 19th century, traditional meat inspections have ensured that in many European countries, including Belgium, almost all animals slaughtered are declared fit for human consumption. Nevertheless, in recent decades, all industrialized countries have been confronted with an increasing number of foodborne infections caused by zoonotic bacteria. Until the end of the 20th century, the focus was mainly on detecting macroscopically visible abnormalities on animal carcasses and in food of animal origin. However, in farm animals, these microorganisms do not cause disease or macroscopic injuries, nor lead to reduced production parameters. The traditional veterinary inspection is therefore no longer sufficient to guarantee public health, and will, under the impulse of the European Commission, be transformed into a risk-based inspection in the near future. Furthermore, due to worldwide trading, movement of people, changed production processes and environmental degradation, a multidisciplinary approach with a renewed collaboration between animal and human medicine will, as in the past, be necessary to face these new challenges.

scholarly journals BritishEscherichia coliO157 in Cattle Study (BECS): to determine the prevalence ofE. coliO157 in herds with cattle destined for the food chain

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (15) ◽  
pp. 3168-3179 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. HENRY ◽  
S. C. TONGUE ◽  
J. EVANS ◽  
C. WEBSTER ◽  
I. J. McKENDRICK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

SUMMARYEscherichia coliO157 are zoonotic bacteria for which cattle are an important reservoir. Prevalence estimates forE. coliO157 in British cattle for human consumption are over 10 years old. A new baseline is needed to inform current human health risk. The BritishE. coliO157 in Cattle Study (BECS) ran between September 2014 and November 2015 on 270 farms across Scotland and England & Wales. This is the first study to be conducted contemporaneously across Great Britain, thus enabling comparison between Scotland and England & Wales. Herd-level prevalence estimates forE. coliO157 did not differ significantly for Scotland (0·236, 95% CI 0·166–0·325) and England & Wales (0·213, 95% CI 0·156–0·283) (P= 0·65). The majority of isolates were verocytotoxin positive. A higher proportion of samples from Scotland were in the super-shedder category, though there was no difference between the surveys in the likelihood of a positive farm having at least one super-shedder sample.E. coliO157 continues to be common in British beef cattle, reaffirming public health policy that contact with cattle and their environments is a potential infection source.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Meat Used for Human Consumption in Latvia

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Jemeļjanovs ◽  
Inese Zītare ◽  
Ināra Helēna Konošonoka ◽  
Vera Krastiņa ◽  
Lîga Proškina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Cattle Herds

Over the last decade in Latvia, the production levels of beef, pork and poultry meat have been dramatically reduced. The yearly meat consumption per capita in Latvia is about 60 kg. Traditionally, pig meat consumption is higher than consumption of bovine meat, which has higher production costs. Lower priced meat from European countries is imported and placed on the market in Latvia. The Research Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine “Sigra”, Latvia, LUA, performs important research on meat quality and acquisition of safe and healthy food of animal origin. Cattle herds of meat breed are highly varied both from the aspect of animals and the quality of the sold meat produce. In meat of bovine animals, the settling of cholesterol on the blood vessel walls is precluded by 5.4-8.13% ω-3 and 12.97-16.27% ω-6 on average. The meat of the beef breed cattle contains wholesome proportions of proteins, fatty acids in quantities sufficient for humans, a relatively low cholesterol level (about 77 mg%) and good qualities of the culinary flavours and aromas. There are on-going research studies on the quality of meat of different pig breeds and their influencing factors, as well as on acquisition of meet in accordance with the consumer requirements. Extensive research is carried out also on the quality of broiler meat, with the target of acquisition of new quality meat. Assessment of the role of game meat in human consumption and the hygiene aspects of its acquisition are also included. Due to the development of heliculture in Latvia, the assessment of snail meat and its role in human consumption has also been launched.

scholarly journals Occurrence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on animal farms and in their vicinity in Poland and Ukraine—review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Jeżak ◽  
Anna Kozajda
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Animal Farming ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

AbstractIntensive animal farming emits to the environment very high concentrations of bioaerosol, mainly composed of microorganisms, including antibiotics resistant strains, and their derivatives. Poland is a significant producer of poultry and swine in Europe; Ukraine is located in the immediate vicinity of Poland and the EU. Thus, the review focuses on the presence of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant zoonotic bacteria and antimicrobial genes in the environment of farms and food of animal origin in Poland and Ukraine. Existing data confirms presence of these bacteria in the food animal origin chain environment in both countries. However, it is difficult to compare the scale of multidrug-resistant bacteria (e.g. MRSA, ESBL) dissemination in Poland and Ukraine with other EU countries due to lack of more extensive studies and large-scale monitoring in these two countries. A series of studies concerning resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from livestock environment have been published in Poland but usually on single farms with a very limited number of samples, and without a genotypic drug resistance marking. From Ukraine are available only few reports, but also disturbing. The risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria transmission does not only concern animal farming, but also other facilities of animal origin food supply chains, especially slaughterhouses.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study on Prevalence, Serovar Diversity, Multidrug Resistance, and CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases of Salmonella spp. from Patients with Diarrhea, Food of Animal Origin, and Pets in Several Provinces of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Yujie Hu ◽  
Tania Dottorini ◽  
Séamus Fanning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT A total of 2,283 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 18,334 samples, including samples from patients with diarrhea, food of animal origin, and pets, across 5 provinces of China. The highest prevalence of Salmonella spp. was detected in chicken meats (39.3%, 486/1,237). Fifteen serogroups and 66 serovars were identified, with Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis being the most dominant. Most (85.5%, 1,952/2,283) isolates exhibited resistance to ≥1 antimicrobial, and 56.4% were multidrug resistant (MDR). A total of 222 isolates harbored extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and 200 of these were of the CTX-M type and were mostly detected in isolates from chicken meat and turtle fecal samples. Overall, eight blaCTX-M genes were identified, with blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-123, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-79, and blaCTX-M-130 being the most prevalent. In total, 166 of the 222 ESBL-producing isolates had amino acid substitutions in GyrA (S83Y, S83F, D87G, D87N, and D87Y) and ParC (S80I), while the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR)-encoding genes oqxA, oqxB, qepA, qnrB, and qnrS were detected in almost all isolates. Of the 15 sequence types (STs) identified in the 222 ESBLs, ST17, ST11, ST34, and ST26 ranked among the top 5 in number of isolates. Our study revealed considerable serovar diversity and a high prevalence of the co-occurrence of MDR determinants, including CTX-M-type ESBLs, quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations, and PMQR genes. This is the first report of CTX-M-130 Salmonella spp. from patients with diarrhea and QRDR mutations from turtle fecal samples. Our study emphasizes the importance of actions, both in health care settings and in the veterinary medicine sector, to control the dissemination of MDR, especially the CTX-M-type ESBL-harboring Salmonella isolates.

scholarly journals Use of Essential Oils in Veterinary Medicine to Combat Bacterial and Fungal Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Valentina Virginia Ebani ◽  
Francesca Mancianti
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

Essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites of plants employed in folk medicine for a long time thanks to their multiple properties. In the last years, their use has been introduced in veterinary medicine, too. The study of the antibacterial properties of EOs is of increasing interest, because therapies with alternative drugs are welcome to combat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. Other issues could be resolved by EOs employment, such as the presence of antibiotic residues in food of animal origin and in environment. Although the in vitro antimicrobial activity of EOs has been frequently demonstrated in studies carried out on bacterial and fungal strains of different origins, there is a lack of information about their effectiveness in treating infections in animals. The scientific literature reports some studies about in vitro EOs’ activity against animal clinical bacterial and fungal isolates, but in vivo studies are very scanty. The use of EOs in therapy of companion and farm animals should follow careful studies on the toxicity of these natural products in relation to animal species and route of administration. Moreover, considering the different behavior of EOs in relation to both species and strain pathogen, before starting a therapy, an aromatogram should be executed to choose the oil with the best antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Nitrofurans' residues in food of animal origin

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Smajlovic ◽  
Indira Mujezinovic ◽  
Vitomir Cupic ◽  
Mehmed Muminovic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Official Gazette ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Nitrofuran Antibiotics

Nitrofurans are synthetic broad-spectrum antimicobial agents that are often used in commercial animal production because of their excellent antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties. However, nitrofurans and their metabolites have been shown to have potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics which has led to a ban on the use of nitrofurans in preventive and therapeutic treatment of animals used for food production. Metabolites of nitrofurans that can be determined after their application are: a metabolite of furazolidone, furaltadone metabolite, a metabolite of nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone metabolite. The presence of residues of nitrofuran antibiotics in meat, fish and shrimps, and milk and eggs originating from countries outside the European Union is monitored and recorded by the RASFF system of the European Union. Furthermore, since nitrofurans are used in some countries as prophylactic agents and growth promoters, it is necessary to carry out constant control of various types of food of animal origin, in order to reduce to the minimum potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of these supstances for the health of consumers. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there is no permanent control of nitrofurans in food of animal origin. The provisions of the ?Regulation on the maximum allowable amounts of veterinary drugs and pesticides in products of animal origin", published in the Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina state the prohibiting of the use of certain veterinary drugs in animals intended for human consumption, including nitrofurans. The European Union has established the minimum required limit (MRLP) for performance which is 1 ?g/kg of nitrofurans for edible tissues of animal origin. Taking all this into account, methods for nitrofurans detection should be accreditated and validated, both for screening and confirmatory methods, and further research into the presence of nitrofurans in food of animal origin in Bosnia and Herzegovina should be performed.

scholarly journals Impact of residues of veterinary medicinal products in food of animal origin on public health safety in Poland in the years 2003-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (06) ◽  
pp. 6412-2020
Author(s):  
MICHAŁ MAJEWSKI ◽  
KRZYSZTOF ANUSZ ◽  
ZBIGNIEW BEŁKOT ◽  
PRZEMYSŁAW RACEWICZ ◽  
ANNA ŁUKOMSKA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Waiting Periods ◽  
Veterinary Medicinal Products

Monitoring the presence of residues of unauthorized substances, chemical and biological residues, medicinal products and radioactive contamination in food is an important element of the system for protection of consumers against hazardous foods. The aim of the study was to analyze the results of monitoring tests for the presence of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics affecting consumer safety in products of animal origin that were carried out in Poland in the years 2003-2017. The material for analysis were annual reports on the results of tests for the presence of prohibited substances, chemical and biological residues, medicinal products and radioactive contamination in food produced in Poland. Samples for testing were taken at random from food of animal origin produced on farms under the supervision of the Veterinary Inspectorate. The reports present data on monitoring tests carried out in the years 2003-2017. The analysis was based on the results for B1 substances, which include antibacterial substances, antibiotics and chemotherapeutics approved for use in food-producing animals. The results from the last two years of research were analyzed in detail, including the results for prohibited substances with antibacterial action from group A6 (prohibited substances) and, in the case of poultry, for coccidiostats (group B2b).The results of the monitoring studies in Poland indicate that both veterinarians and animal breeders were aware that the proper use of chemotherapeutics and compliance with waiting periods are necessary to ensure food safety. Samples that exceeded the standards represented less than 0.3% of all samples tested in all types of food. According to the results of these studies, antibiotic residues were most frequently found in honey.

scholarly journals Prevalence and characteristics of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in humans in contact with farm animals, in livestock, and in food of animal origin, Switzerland, 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Huber ◽  
S Koller ◽  
N Giezendanner ◽  
R Stephan ◽  
C Zweifel
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Sccmec Types ◽  
Spa Types

A total of 2,662 samples, collected from March to September 2009 in Switzerland, were tested for the presence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The collection comprised nasal swabs from 148 pig farmers, 133 veterinarians, 179 slaughterhouse employees, 800 pigs, 300 calves, 400 cattle, 100 pooled neck skin swabs from chicken carcasses, and 460 food samples of animal origin. Moreover, 142 S. aureus strains, isolated from bovine mastitis milk, were included in the study. Twenty samples (<1%; four veterinarians, 10 pigs, three calves, one young bull, and two mastitis milk samples) tested positive for MRSA. Genotyping of the MRSA strains was performed by multilocus sequence typing, spa- and SCCmec-typing, and revealed ST398 (n=18), ST8 (n=1), ST 1 (n=1), spa types t011 (n=7), t034 (n=11), t064 (n=1), t127 (n=1), and SCCmec types IV (n=4) and V (n=16). The 20 MRSA strains were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using the restriction enzyme EagI. Supplementary PCR reactions were performed to investigate the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin and staphylococcal enterotoxins A to D.

Bioaccumulation of deltamethrin, tebuconazole and chlormequat chloride in T. molitor larvae and risks associated with their human consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-465
Author(s):  
E. Dreassi ◽  
A. Mancini ◽  
G. Corbini ◽  
M. Botta ◽  
F. Tarchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

Edible insects are generally reared on agricultural product-based diets. These feeding substrates may contain pesticides or toxins that are derived from field practices for plant growth and defence and that may represent a health risk to insect consumers. The present study investigated Tenebrio molitor capability to uptake from contaminated substrates three chemical compounds that are employed in agricultural practices: the insecticide deltamethrin (DELTA), the fungicide tebuconazole (TEB) and the plant growth regulator chlormequat chloride (CCC), all with different properties of lipophilicity and potentially harmful for human and animal health. Newly optimised and validated LC-MS/MS methods have been used for the quantification of pesticide residues in larvae samples. Analysis showed that DELTA and TEB are retained by larvae, even after 24 h of fasting, due to their lipophilicity. Larvae fasting period allowed the elimination of 47% of DELTA residues and 78% of TEB ones. Diversely, CCC, the most hydrophilic chemical compound, was completely eliminated after the fasting. The toxicity of pesticides to larvae has been also investigated. The highest mortality of T. molitor larvae (close to 50%) was recorded for the insecticide DELTA, at the dose of 20 mg/kg and for CCC (15%) at the concentration of 4 mg/kg. The safety of insects as food and feed represents an important section in the field of the control of food of animal origin and animal health. Nevertheless, to date, this aspect is not yet completely determined due to the lack of scientific data in this area. By assessing the accumulation rate of some chemicals in reared insects and by evaluating the toxic effects that chemicals may have on larvae, this study could contribute to filling this gap.

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