Transformation of the concept of a rhetorical situation due to virtualization of audience

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2020.1.1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Andrey Kosarev
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Model ◽  
Rhetorical Situation ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Digital Discourse ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Social Tensions

The paper discusses the role of the audience and the rhetor in the concept of the rhetorical situation. We analyze the approaches of L. Bitzer, R. Watts, S. Consigny. An important place in the paper takes the analysis of the position of S. Krause on the features of the communicative process and the formation of a new communicative reality in the digital space, as well as F. Pashaei, who examines the rhetorical situation through the prism of the “ecology” concept with an atomic model of rhetorical digital discourse instead of linear. We make a conclusion that smoothing the boundaries between the rhetor and the audience in digital discourse makes it difficult both to model the audience and performing the rhetorical situation of its function of relieving social tensions.

scholarly journals Perspectivas sobre a argumentação: breve panorama / Perspectives on argumentation: brief overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2175
Author(s):  
Helcira Maira Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
María Alejandra Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Digital Discourse ◽  
Social Discourses ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
Shed Light

Resumo: A Retórica de Aristóteles (1998) foi retomada e ressignificada pelas teorias da argumentação contemporâneas. Cada uma delas se apropria dessa herança de modo a alavancar, a partir dos anos de 1990, uma intensa produção de pesquisas. Na atualidade, em um movimento que visa à melhor compreensão dos discursos sociais, em especial, da polêmica, do papel das emoções no discurso, da violência verbal, de discursos de ódio, entre outros, assistimos ao resgate do pensamento aristotélico em problemáticas da argumentação, a partir de um necessário diálogo com os trabalhos produzidos sobre o discurso midiático, político e, em especial, sobre o discurso digital. Nessa seara, sem a pretensão de esgotar o assunto, nosso propósito é apresentar no artigo um panorama dos estudos em argumentação que circulam nas pesquisas contemporâneas, além de lançar algumas luzes à reflexão sobre o papel da argumentação nesse espaço digital, assim como na configuração e na circulação desses discursos.Palavras-chave: argumentação; discursos digitais; análise do discurso.Abstract: Aristotle's Rhetoric was taken up and given a new meaning by contemporary theories of argumentation. Each one of them appropriates this heritage in order to leverage, from the 1990s onwards an intense production of research. Currently, in a movement aimed at better understanding social discourses, especially polemics, the role of emotions in discourse, verbal violence, hate speeches, among others, we are witnessing the rescue of Aristotelian thought in argumentation issues, from a necessary dialogue with the works produced on the media and political discourse and, in particular, on the digital discourse. In this field, without intending to exhaust the subject, our purpose is to present in the article an overview of the studies in argumentation that circulate in contemporary research, in addition to shed light on the role of argumentation in this digital space, as well as in the configuration and in the circulation of these discourses.Keywords: argumentation; digital discourse; discourse analysis.

scholarly journals ERASMUS AND JUAN LUIS VIVES ON RHETORICAL DECORUM AND POLITICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
KAARLO HAVU
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Rhetorical Theory ◽  
History Of Rhetoric ◽  
Rhetorical Situation ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of

Abstract The article analyses the emergence of decorum (appropriateness) as a central concept of rhetorical theory in the early sixteenth-century writings of Erasmus and Juan Luis Vives. In rhetorical theory, decorum shifted the emphasis from formulaic rules to their creative application in concrete cases. In doing so, it emphasized a close analysis of the rhetorical situation (above all the preferences of the audience) and underscored the persuasive possibilities of civil conversation as opposed to passionate, adversarial rhetoric. The article argues that the stress put on decorum in early sixteenth-century theory is not just an internal development in the history of rhetoric but linked to far wider questions concerning the role of rhetoric in religious and secular lives. Decorum appears as a solution both to the divisiveness of language in the context of the Reformation and dynastic warfare of the early sixteenth century and as an adaptation of the republican tradition of political rhetoric to a changed, monarchical context. Erasmus and Vives maintained that decorum not only suppressed destructive passions and discord, but that it was only through polite and civil rhetoric (or conversation) that a truly effective persuasion was possible in a vast array of contexts.

Social Rules in Libertarian Thought

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Van Schoelandt
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Limited Government

AbstractLibertarianism upholds individual liberty as of primary political importance. The concern for liberty leads to support for highly limited government, and sometimes even anarchism. Sometimes people come under the mistaken impression that libertarians have such a myopic concern for individual liberty that they must oppose social rules and social order. While that is too extreme, libertarianism does seem to have significant tensions with social rules, and the role of social rules within libertarianism is complex and contentious. This work aims to bring out some of this complexity and to clarify the important place of social rules in libertarian thought.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL WORK WITH PRISONERS IN THE PREVENTION OF CRIMES IN PENAL SETTLEMENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Василий Алексеевич Рудаев
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Educational Impact ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Legal Nature

Проблема борьбы с преступностью в современной России является одним из приоритетных направлений государственной политики страны, условием обеспечения ее национальной безопасности. Пенитенциарная преступность выступает составной частью общей преступности и по многим показателям зависит от нее. Общеизвестно, что в местах лишения свободы совершаются преступления. Данные факты свидетельствуют о серьезных недостатках в деятельности уголовно-исполнительной системы, особенно это показательно, если преступления совершаются в колониях-поселениях, контингент которых представлен осужденными за преступления по неосторожности или положительно характеризующимися осужденными, переведенными из исправительных учреждений других видов. В профилактике преступлений важное место занимает организация применения основных средств исправления осужденных, одним из которых является воспитательная работа. В ходе анализа нормативной базы, регламентирующей проведение воспитательной работы, мы пришли к выводу, что многие особенности деятельности колоний-поселений не нашли отражения на законодательном уровне. Считаем, что правовая природа колоний-поселений наделяет администрацию учреждения широким спектром возможностей при организации воспитательного воздействия. С учетом наблюдений практических работников, полученных в процессе интервьюирования, мы предложили ряд изменений в нормативные акты, которые регулируют воспитательную работу. Их внесение в законодательство, по нашему мнению, будет способствовать совершенствованию организации воспитательной работы с осужденными, что в свою очередь позволит снизить уровень преступности в колониях-поселениях. The problem of combating crime in modern Russia is one of the priority areas of the country's state policy, a condition for ensuring its national security. Penitentiary crime is an integral part of overall crime and depends on it for many indicators. It is common knowledge that in places of deprivation of liberty crimes are committed. These facts reveal serious shortcomings in the functioning of the penal system, especially when crimes are committed in penal settlements, where the population is represented by those convicted of crimes by negligence or those transferred there from correctional institutions with different regime due to their conscious conduct. In crime prevention the organization of the use of basic means of prisoners’ correction, one of which is educational work, takes an important place. In the process of the analysis of the regulatory framework governing educational work, we came to the conclusion that many features of the activities of penal settlements were not reflected at the legislative level. We believe that the legal nature of penal settlement gives the administration of the institution a wide range of opportunities in organizing educational impact. Taking into account the observations of practitioners obtained during the interview process, we proposed a number of changes to the normative base that regulate educational work. Their introduction into legislation, in our opinion, will contribute the improvement of the organization of educational work with prisonerss, which in turn will reduce the level of crime in penal settlements.

Organization of school excursions in biology

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 39-32
Author(s):  
Gunay Isfandiyar Sadigov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
New Learning

The purpose of this article is to highlight the role of excursions in the lives of students and schoolchildren. The excursion is one of the main forms of educational work. The excursion is one of the main forms of educational work. The tour is conducted according to the school program. The tour is conducted in a group to make it more interesting. Excursions also contribute to the development of polytechnic education, as they give students the opportunity to get acquainted with production, use scientific information in industry and agriculture. From this it can be concluded that excursions occupy a very important place in the life of both schoolchildren and students. Key words: the process of teaching the method of excursion, the principle of vitality, teaching process, introduction of new learning technologies, quality of education, form of training, teaching methods, development and dissemination of the method

scholarly journals CZY JESTEŚMY GOTOWI NA EKOGLOTTODYDAKTYKĘ W POLSKIM KONTEKŚCIE EDUKACYJNYM?

Neofilolog ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Jolanta Sujecka-Zając
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
Language Context ◽  
The Relationship

The trend for eco-linguistics, which has been dynamically developing in the English-language literature since the 1970s, proposes a change in the perception of the relationship between language, nature, and culture, in a sense making language a link which brings together nature and culture, rather than separating them as is traditional. This approach poses important questions: How do languages ​​work in the ecosystem created by the language environment of all users of a given language context? What relationships can they enter into? How should one perceive the development of multilingualism in such an ecological approach, in which not only does "strong" affect the "weak" but “weak” reciprocates? "Weak" has an important place in the language ecosystem, which risks serious changes due to excessive weakening of one of its components. This paper aims to examine the possible inspirations that eco-linguistics offers Foreign Language Teaching (FLT), highlighting the role of each language and sensitizing the reader to the relationships that arise between languages ​​and their users in a given environment. From this perspective Claire Kramsch (2008) postulates a change in the perception of the main function of the teacher from the "teacher of a code" to the "teacher of meaning", which has specific didactic consequences in how language activities are approached. Is the school classroom a place for activities which have their origin in the trend for eco-FLT?

scholarly journals Role of Housing Life-Support Technologies in the Development of Post-Urban Lifestyles

Upravlenie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Дончевский ◽  
G. Donchevskiy ◽  
Ермишина ◽  
A. Ermishina ◽  
Клименко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Empirical Verification ◽  
Activity Models ◽  
Urban State

The paper is devoted to a concept study and empirical verification of the hypothesis about existence and development of new post-urban lifestyles in Russian society, which are formed on the basis of industrial and urban state of life, but trying to overcome the urbanism limitations. The authors differentiate posturban representatives as down-shifters and up-shifters. Materials of conducted empirical investigation have demonstrated that innovative technological solutions and modern autonomous eco-friendly housing lifesupport technologies take an important place in post-urban representatives’ socio-economic activity models.

scholarly journals Tasks of state-owned enterprises and their impact on accounting and reporting information

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Ljudmyla LOVINSKA ◽  
◽  
Andrii MAMYSHEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
The State ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards

The purpose of the article is to establish ways to implement the tasks of public sector entities in ensuring responsibility and accountability of state-owned enterprises, taking into account market conditions and the transition to international financial reporting standards (IFRS) in the context of determining the place and role of accounting information. The research methodology is based on the application of dialectical and systematic approaches to scientific knowledge and general theoretical understanding of the problems of functional and accounting-analytical support for the management of state-owned enterprises in the application of IFRS. The results of the analysis of modern tendencies of the organization and functioning of the state-owned enterprises are covered. The importance of public sector entities in the global dimension, as well as the features of the organization, challenges and tasks of state-owned enterprises in market conditions are shown. It is determined that the main tasks to be performed by state-owned enterprises are : provision of certain state services and specific goods, support of the national economy and strategic interests, doing business in a natural monopoly, as well as support of social goals of the state. The specificity of the tasks of state-owned enterprises and their important place in the state economy through the role of a special agent of the government for the implementation of state policy in a particular area is substantiated. A new look at these processes involves increasing the transparency and accountability of businesses, which is closely linked to improving the quality of accounting data on the activities of state-owned enterprises. Based on the results of the study, the algorithm of decisions on determining, assessing and reviewing the value of a state-owned enterprise based on the expression of its social, economic, environmental and tax impacts has been improved. There is a problem of harmonization of methodological support for the preparation of aggregate reports of the general government sector (GGS), which arises due to the existing differences between different sets of standards for financial reporting of GGS sector entities (International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) - for public corporations and National provisions (standards) of accounting in the public sector (NP(S)APS) - for all other entities of the GGS sector).

scholarly journals Fetishizing Captain America’s sidearm: iconography, exceptionality, and the politics of representing guns

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Posada
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Captain America ◽  
Fan Communities ◽  
Digital Discourse ◽  
Digital News ◽  
The Times

Abstract In 2007, Captain America, or Cap to his peers, died outside the courthouse where he would answer for leading a band of superheroes against the government’s Superhuman Registration Act in a plot line Fox and Friends took issue with, condemning Marvel Comics for killing Cap “while we’re at war,” referring to President George W. Bush’s war on terror. In 2008, former sidekick Bucky took up the Cap banner. Legacy characters are common in comics, but fans noted an unexpected addition to the costume: a handgun. Cap’s shield, a symbol of defense, now had an offensive accent. News media outlets lauded the new gun as a “sign of the times,” as Rolling Stone said, considering it a critique on the post-9/11 cultural landscape, but fan communities felt uneasy about the decision. The gun’s presence on Bucky Cap’s belt marks a continuous period of exceptionality, the kind Giorgio Agamben warns against in State of Exception. When Bucky’s predecessor would return to the role of Captain America, the sidearm would no longer remain, but the character would confront issues related to guns, and media and fans would once again respond. Even though Cap only encounters guns a few times during the 2010s, reception to these moments is more significant than that of characters who regularly use lethal weapons. Fetishistic emphasis on Captain America’s gun exposes the state of exception inherent in all superhero media, prompting a digital discourse across professional and amateur platforms on gun-related subjects. This project analyzes how superhero media portray gun use and the subsequent reception from both news media and digital fandom. A sampling of comics, television series, and films are textually analyzed, along with digital news media and online fan forums pertaining to those examples.

scholarly journals Man ser inte utställningen för bara föremål

1970 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Tandi Agrell
Keyword(s):  
Practical Design ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Museum Exhibitions ◽  
Design Perspective ◽  
Museum Exhibition

Most visitors to a museum exhibition expect the presence of authentic artefacts. With their materiality and history, these artefacts are considered to be specific to the exhibition medium. The author goes beyond this to assert that the use of authentic artefacts makes it more difficult to bring about the communication that the exhibition is trying to achieve. Despite the attempt to use it as a means of communication, the authentic artifacts in the exhibition are actually a hindrance in the communicative process. By relating artefact-focused museum exhibitions to contemporary neo-realistic art installations, the author illustrates the role of the artefacts in the museum exhibition. The article points out how problematic the authentic artefacts are from a practical design perspective, and how the demand for authentic artefacts in the exhibition is actually a convention that limits what the exhibition can achieve as a means of communication. 

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