River basin principle of population settlement and organization of nature management in a mountain landscape as an alternative to modern administrative-territorial division

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
А.М. Хатухов ◽  
◽  
Ф.Ж. Берова ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
The North ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Territorial Division

The article discusses the problem of administrative-territorial division (ATD) of one of the national republics of the North Caucasus within Russia – the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR). It is argued that the modern ADT of the republic is a legacy of Russia's colonial policy in the North Caucasus in the 19th century and the command and administrative system of the Soviet period in the 20th century. The results of the study indicate that by the end of the twentieth century, due to the redistribution of the population and integration processes, the ethnic map of KBR came into conflict with the ATD on an ethno-political basis. A new version of the ATD of the region based on the basin principle has been proposed and justified, removing the interethnic contradictions generated by the previous division and guaranteeing the sustainable development of the republic

River basin principle of administrative territorial division as an alternative for modern settlement of ethnic groups of population in Kabardino-Balkaria

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
A.M. Khatukhov ◽  
◽  
F.Zh. Berova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Political Principle ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Territorial Division

Discussed is the problem of complex (historical-demographical, ecological-geographical and economical) administrative-territorial division (ATD) of one of national republics of the North Caucasus, i.e. Kabardino-Balkaria Republic (KBR), based on a comprehensive approach. Data on population censuses of different years, scientific works on discussed topic and the authors own materials on geo-ecology and demography of KBR were used. The archaic character of ATD of the region according to ethnopolitical principle is shown, and it is argued, that such a division of the republic’s territory is a legacy of Russia's colonial policy in the North Caucasus in the 19th century, and the command and administrative system of the Soviet period in the 20th century. Based on historical information, sources of dismemberment of the predecessor of the KBR, i.e. Kabarda (the name up to 1922) on ethno-political principle as one of the tools for solving the militarystrategic task of weakening and “appeasing” are highlighted. Rejection and occupation by Russian colonists of the plain part of Kabarda and redistribution by colonial administration of remaining territory between two indigenous ethnic groups (Kabardins and Balkars) with infringement of one side and encouragement of other created a “three-story” contradictory structure: one on the plain, others on the foothills, others on the foothills in the mountains. Such a division was finally established as a result of administrative-territorial reform of the 1920s and continues to form the formal basis of ATD of KBR. This fact, as well as consolidation of artificial division of Kabarda in the double name of the republic (Kabardino-Balkaria) periodically becomes occasion for demonstration of ostentatious separatist sentiments. Results of this study indicate, that by the end of the 20th century, due to redistribution of population and integration processes, the ethnic map of KBR came into conflict with the ATD on ethno-political basis. With this in mind, a new version of ATD of KBR, based on basin principle is proposed and justified, removing interethnic contradictions, generated by previous division and guaranteeing sustainable development of the republic. Relevance of the study is in the imperfection of ATD of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as the cause of interethnic contradictions has not yet become the subject of a special study. Thus, adoption of the basin principle as the basis of the ATD with establishment of 5th districts instead of the current 10th would remove problems, created by ethno-political division and contribute to sustainable development and preservation of unique nature of one of mountain resorts of the country.

Ideology and Historical Concepts: the Evolution of Ideas about the Caucasian War in the XX – XXI Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Tatˈjana Aleksandrovna Nevskaja ◽  
Alla S. Kondrasheva
Keyword(s):  
General Concept ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
General Direction ◽  
The North ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas ◽  
Marxist Concept ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

In the article, the authors attempted to consider changes in the general concept of the Caucasian war during the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, depending on the political and ideological attitudes inherent in various historical stages. The key moments of this complex and ambiguous phenomenon are analyzed, which still cause heated discussions in science and society (name, dating, reasons, Caucasian muridism, problems of Muhajirism).It is indicated that historiography of the beginning of the twentieth century, as in the earlier period, did not dispute the legality of the establishment of Russian orders in the region. It is shown that in the Soviet period, the assessment of the movement of highlanders in the East and West Caucasus depended not only on a change in the historical paradigm, but also on a change in the general direction of state policy in the field of ideology (“national liberation struggle against tsarism”, “Shamil is a protege of Sultan Turkey and British colonialists","the struggle against the colonial policy of tsarism and against their own feudal lords"). Attention is drawn to the fact that the collapse of the USSR, the destruction of the Marxist concept of history, the development of national and separatist movements, the beginning of the Islamic revival in the North Caucasus contributed to the beginning of the active process of revising the assessments and events of the Caucasian War, which was the most striking event in the history of many peoples.The article concludes that, despite the abundance of work, scientists have not only yet to illuminate the little-studied aspects of the Caucasian war, but also to give an objective interpretation to many of its stages, based on scientific approaches, and not following political orders for the sake of one or another ideology.

RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVE FORCES OF DAGESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY - 1930s

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Bashir B. Bulatov ◽  
Medzhid Sh. Huseynov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Great Work ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The article examines the great work of Russian scientists in Dagestan since the middle of the 19th century. Despite the military actions taking place in the North Caucasus, scientists conducted exploration work of oil fields and other productive forces here. During this period, Professor and then Academician G. Abikh wrote scientific works on the natural resources of Dagestan. Subsequently, his discoveries were confirmed by the most prominent scientists. In the article, we note the great work carried out by professors D. V. Golubyatnikov, K. P. Kalitsky and other scientists in the investigation of the oil-bearing regions of Dagestan. As a result of their activities, the “Dagestanskiye Ogni” plant appeared, new oil regions in the Republic.

ILLIBERAL PEACEBUILDING AND REGIONAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 205-232
Author(s):  
A.A. TUMOV ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Settlement Analysis ◽  
Political Settlement

Over the post-Soviet period, the North Caucasus has been in the focus of Russian peacebuilding practices. Analysing the developments in Kabardino-Balkaria, we demonstrated the causal relationship between stabilisation by the federal centre and regional political dynamics. We used the framework drawn from conflict studies to interpret the strategies implemented by the national government and political settlement analysis to describe the dominant political settlements that emerged under the successive heads of the republic. The first political settlement was a result of institutional arrangement within a broad elite coalition with the late-Soviet nomenklatura in its foundation. Indirect rule by Moscow amounted to transfers of budget subventions in exchange for the provision of relative stability in the region. In the early 2000s, this political settlement failed to effectively respond to internal political problems; amidst federal recentralisation, the new political settlement was established in the republic. It was marked by reduced inclusivity of elites and greater dependence on the federal centre. This political settlement lacked success in tackling complications of elite cleavages and religious violence. In 2013, Moscow replaced the republican governor and constructed a new institutional arrangement with larger subservience to federal elites and substantial attention to security matters. Thus, peacebuilding practices implemented by the centre sought to stabilise the situation in the region; it resulted in a successful tightening of vertical elite control but at the cost of reducing the inclusiveness of the political system within Kabardino-Balkaria.

scholarly journals Transformation of Nature Protection Institutions in the North Caucasus: From a State Monopoly of Governance to Multi-Actor Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12145
Author(s):  
Alexey Gunya ◽  
Alexey Lysenko ◽  
Izolda Lysenko ◽  
Ludmila Mitrofanenko
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Use Of Resources

The paper analyzes the state and dynamics of key actors and institutions that regulate the use of resources within the protected areas of the North Caucasus, using the examples of the Teberda Biosphere Reserve and the Elbrus National Park. The network of protected areas created in the North Caucasus during the Soviet period relied on government support, and the participation of the local population in nature conservation was very limited. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the demonopolization of state land laws, new actors emerged, such as the local population and business. This has led to an exacerbation of the conflict between the tasks of nature conservation and the interests of business and local communities. The introduction of market mechanisms and the commercialization of the tourism sector threaten the state of protected natural areas (PAs) and require effective ways of land matters regulation. The paper analyzes the question of whether the PA system created in the Soviet era should continue to be exclusively the privilege of the state using a centralized approach to management? The contradictions in legislation and conflicts of nature management have cast doubt on the effectiveness of the system of environmental institutions inherited from the Soviet period. One of the solutions could be the actualization of environmental legislation, bringing it in line with civil and land regulations, as well as the wide involvement of the local communities and the public in the evaluation of economic and legal projects.

EXPERIENCE OF USING THE CLUSTER APPROACH IN ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOUNTAINOUS TERRITORIES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Rita I. Batyaeva ◽  
◽  
Tat’yana G. Shelkunova ◽  
Irina Yu. Khetagurova ◽  
Tamara G. Khetagurova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Federal District ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
National Environmental

The article provides an overview of the effects of the resonant impact of clusters on the ability of mountain areas to adapt to the modern realities of the technological level, as well as the ability to apply innovations, attract investment in the agro-industrial and tourist cluster. A panel of indicators is presented that provides correct comparability of achievements and reflects information for aggregation by various parameters of the economic and geographical indicators of the region: the national environmental rating of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District; indicators of sustainable development of the Russian Federation and the North Caucasus Federal District; investment risk of the republics of the North Caucasus Federal District; the main economic and social indicators of the RSO-Alania. It is established that the geoinformation study of the use of a multicomponent indicator of the state of mountain territories is the basis for determining the vector of their further socio-economic development and justifying appropriate management decisions to stabilize economic development. The peculiarity of the approach is the selection of criteria that will be used in the development of mechanisms for the sustainable development of mountain territories according to the target indicators, in accordance with the UN resolution "Transforming our world in the field of sustainable develop-ment for the period up to 2030".

Don historian P.G. Chernopitsky: “The main thing for him was the truth”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-1) ◽  
pp. 150-167
Author(s):  
Alexey Grishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
State University ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life Path ◽  
Main Thing

The article tells about the life path and research work of the Don agricultural historian P.G. Chernopitsky. The stages of scientific creativity are determined, the main scientific works in the context of the era are considered, its position on the debatable problems of the Don and North Caucasus history, in particular, on the essence and stages of decossackization is determined. The contribution of P. G. Chernopitsky to the study of the socio -economic history of the Soviet pre -collective farm village, collectivization, the famine of 1932-1933 in the North Caucasus, the history of the Don Cossacks in the Soviet period is demonstrated. Relations with colleagues at Rostov State University are highlighted.

scholarly journals Educational strategy of the Russian power in the Northern Caucasus regarding muslims (60s–90s of the 19th century).

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Nadezhda O. Bleich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Educational Strategy ◽  
Regional Structure ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
The North ◽  
Educational Paradigm ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
Structure Of Education

The article analyzes the educational policy of Russia regarding the Muslims of the North Caucasus, substantiates the formation of the educational potential of the Muslim mountaineers in the historical aspect associated with the evolution of the educational paradigm of the state in the field of their education, the result of which was the adaptation of the regional structure of education to the all-Russian system. It is concluded that the imperial government, adapting to the situation of capitalism and carrying out modernization in the region, began to pay more attention to the issues of enlightening "infidels". But due to the inconsistent policy of officials, the coverage of Muslims by training was insufficient and required further reform of the national educational system.

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