DOES CORRUPTION AFFECT POVERTY IN INDONESIA?

Corruption is likely to increase poverty because it reduces the potential income earning of the poor. Therefore, eradicating corruption is a crucial issue in the poverty reduction process. This study is set out to investigate and analyze the short and long-run relationship between corruption and poverty. It uses secondary data from World Bank and Transparency International then Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and dynamic Error Correction Model (ECM), focuses on capability poverty using headcount poverty index during year 1995-2017. The results of study indicated that corruption have positive significant effect on the level of poverty ratio in 1% significance level In the long run. This implies that in the long run, there is relationship between corruption and poverty. In the long run, the coefficient of corruption effect implies that 1% increase in corruption would increase the poverty ratio by 1.36%. The negative implication of corruption on the life of the citizens is a major disaster in the economy and harmful to the growth and development of the citizens in particular and the economy in general. The simple pearson correlation findings also show that corruption has significant distributional consequences by affecting growth and government expenditures. High and rising corruption increases poverty by reducing the level and effectiveness of groth and social spending (education and health). For effective sustainable and management of this disaster, government should embark on policies that will reduce the level of corruption significantly so as to have positive influence on the standard of living of the citizens in terms of quality and efficient education, sound management of our natural resources, provision of good health facilities and other infrastructures that will transcend to the growth of the economy.

Download Full-text

DOES LESS CORRUPTION REDUCE INCOME INEQUALITY IN INDONESIA?

Jurnal Tata Kelola & Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara ◽

10.28986/jtaken.v4i2.193 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 167

Author(s):

Azwar Iskandar

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Dynamic Error ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Social Spending ◽

Transparency International ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Long Run ◽

Major Disaster

It is widely believed that corruption is a cause of income inequality and a barrier to successful its eradication. It undermines the efforts of developing countries, including Indonesia to alleviate income inequality. It is also argued that the increased inequality caused by corruption worsens the position of the poorest people in a society as it reduces public resources available for social spen-ding of government. In addition, corruption might have a negative impact on the quality and quantity of public services, such as education and health services. This study designed to know the long run and short run impacts of corruption on inequality of income. The study uses secondary data from World Bank and Transparency International then Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and dynamic Error Correction Model (ECM) during the year of 1995-2017. The results of study indicate that corruption has significant effects on the level of income inequality both in the short and long run. The negative implication of corruption on citizensâ€™ life is a major disaster in the economy and harmful to the growth and development of the people in Indonesian particularly, and the economy in general. The simple Pearson correlation findings also indicate that corruption has significant distributional consequences by affecting government expenditures. Therefore, the raise of corruption increases income inequality as it reduces the effectiveness of government spending on education, health and final consumption for society. Thus, it can be concluded that for the Indonesian context, an increased inequality due to corruption has worsened the position of the poorest as less resources available for social spending.

Download Full-text

Impact of Remittances Inflows and Macroeconomic Stability on Poverty in Nigeria (1977-2014)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-46739/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anthony O. Onoja ◽

Clarietta Chagwiza

Keyword(s):

Poverty Reduction ◽

Market Access ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Household Consumption ◽

Cointegration Analysis ◽

Export Market ◽

Skills Acquisition ◽

Macroeconomic Conditions ◽

Long Run ◽

Official Exchange Rate

Abstract The study explored the trend and effects of macroeconomic conditions on poverty (using household consumption as proxy for poverty) in Nigeria. It also analyzed how foreign migration remittances affect aggregate household poverty. It relied on secondary data analyzed using trend and cointegration analysis. It was found that on the long run, when gleaned from the perspective of aggregate household consumption, level of poverty in the country could be explained by economic growth (GDP per capita current USD, lngdp), volume of export trade as percentage of GDP (lnexptrgdp), official exchange rate of Nigerian Naira to USD (lnforex), inflation rate (lninf) and age dependency ratio of population (proxy for aggregate level of unemployment) (lnagedprat). Efforts must be put in place to promote youth employment opportunities, export market access to Small and medium scale enterprises, proper management of foreign exchange regimes. Since migration is not a sustainable source of income for the country, Nigerian authorities must provide education and skills acquisition opportunities too and enhanced working conditions to reduce dependency on immigration as a source of poverty reduction in households.

Download Full-text

FOREIGN DIVERSIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE OF QUOTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN SELECTED SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN COUNTRIES

Oradea Journal of Business and Economics ◽

10.47535/1991ojbe099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (Special) ◽

pp. 82-93

Author(s):

Osagie Osifo ◽

Esther Ikavbho Evbayiro-Osagie

Keyword(s):

Panel Data Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

African Countries ◽

Significance Level ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Long Run ◽

Net Interest Margin ◽

Integration Test ◽

Market Opportunities ◽

And Performance

Foreign diversification offers prospective market opportunities which afford firms prospects for greater growth and penetration of global markets. This study investigated the effect of foreign diversification on performance of quoted deposit money banks in selected Sub-Sahara African countries; Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe and Zambia. The study employs secondary data collected and computed from sampled deposit money banks annual audited financial statements. Employing the use of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, panel unit root analysis, co-integration test, multivariate panel data analysis and the system- GMM for a period of 2007 – 2017, the data were estimated with the aid of Eviews 9.0 econometric statistical package. Using dependent variables (Net interest margin and Tobin Q), explanatory variables of foreign diversification, bank’s size and bank’s age respectively. The findings revealed that foreign diversifications have negative and significant effect on all the performance indicators (NIM and TOBIN Q) used in the study. The explanatory variable (foreign diversification) was significant at 1% significance level. The findings from robustness check showed that the coefficients of foreign diversification are also largely negative for most of the banks. This study therefore recommends, amongst others, banks should consider diversification as a long run strategy for promoting growth and other forms of expansions. This can be achieved by promoting more regional banking integration within the sub-region. Given that formalities are already on the ground to facilitate entry and establishment within economies in the regional blocs, diversification in this direction will involve less institutional obstacles

Download Full-text

Epidemiological Patterns of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Vietnam. Ecological Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-102666/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Patrik Sivčo ◽

Giang Nguyen Hoang ◽

Juliana Melichová ◽

Dominika Plančíková ◽

Marek Majdan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecological Study ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Health Financing ◽

Well Being ◽

Good Health ◽

Dm Type 2

Abstract Vietnam is a SEA country with a high burden of NCD and hypertension and diabetes are among the top contributors to premature mortality. The recent reviews reported the rapidly growing prevalence of these two chronic conditions in Vietnam. To investigate the epidemiological burden of HT and DM type 2 in Vietnam an ecological study employing secondary data analysis was conducted. The study was a part of the SUNI SEA project implementation with the aim to put the basis for the research hypothesis for the SUNI SEA project in Vietnam. Data from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation and Vietnamese Health statistics years books were analysed by linear and polynomial regression analyses, Kendall rank correlation and Pearson correlation. On average 19% of all deaths and 9% of all DALYs were associated with high SBP and 2% of all deaths and 2% of all DALYs were attributable to DM type 2 between 1990-2017 in Vietnam. Differences between genders were recognizable mainly in CVDs and high SBP death rates. The decrease in the number of elementary nurses, as well as the increase in health insurance expenditures per inpatient, seems to be with the highest certainty correlated with HT and type 2 DM death and DALYs rates. If the tracked progress remains at the same pace, in the category of Good health and well-being Vietnam seems not to be able to achieve the desired threshold by 2030 as committed by United Nations Member States in 2015. Developing regulatory frameworks and social demand for professionalism in Vietnam could encourage nurses to pursue higher education but the essential role of elementary nurses became more sensible. The health financing reform that shifts resources from hospital care to primary care should be developed to improve access to early diagnosis and chronic care.

Download Full-text

THE The Nexus Between Poverty, Education and Economic Growth in Indonesia

Economics Development Analysis Journal ◽

10.15294/edaj.v8i4.34130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 345-354

Author(s):

Amaluddin Amaluddin

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Vital Role ◽

Point Of View ◽

Long Run ◽

Development Policies ◽

Short Run ◽

Causality Relationship ◽

Education And Economic Growth

The causal relationship between poverty, education and economic growth has been widely studied in many countries, however, the results of a lot of studies demonstrate a controversial point of view and diverse conclusions which may be caused by differences in methodologies and development policies. The purpose of this study is firstly, to investigate the dynamic causality relationship between education, poverty, and economic growth both in the short and long-run, secondly, to analyze the dynamic response of poverty to shocks of education and economic growth. This study applied the quantitative method approach by using Panel Error Error Correction Model (PVECM). All secondary data was taken from BPS, in the form of panel data of 33 provinces in Indonesia during the period 2010-2018. This study found strong evidence that there was a long-run feedback causality linkage between poverty, education, and economic growth, while in the short-run, only found a bi-directional causality relationship between education and economic growth. The shocks of education and economic growth were responded negatively by the poverty variable, indicating that improving the quality of education and economic growth plays a vital role or has an impact on poverty reduction.

Download Full-text

Indikator Karakteristik Fisik Rumah Dominan dalam Penentuan Status Kemiskinan untuk Program Rehab Rumah tidak Layak Huni di Kabupaten Sidoarjo

Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan ◽

10.20473/jbk.v5i2.2016.107-116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Anita Diyanti Puteri ◽

Hari Basuki Notobroto

Keyword(s):

Poverty Reduction ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Households ◽

Poverty Status ◽

The Government ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Poverty is a problem in the construction of the Sidoarjo district. Sidoarjo regency government has conducted several policies in the poverty reduction process. Somethings that should be known by the government in poverty alleviation is the physical characteristics of homes in poor households in the Sidoarjo district. Physical characteristics of the house into one of the house into one of the measures in view of poverty and enable government in the process of poverty reduction policies. This study intended to determine dominant house physical characteristics indicator in poverty status for Unliveable House Rehabilitation Program located in Sidoarjo district. This study was observational with cross sectional design which cross sectional data was describing facts over a time period. The secondary data that being used was 99,492 household in Sidoarjo district from PPLS (2011). Data analyzed bivariabel, followed by multivariabel and logistic regression multinomial. The results showed that the significant variables poverty status is ownership status, roof type and quality, wall type and quality, and fl oor type. The dominant house physical characteristics indicator toward poverty status is fl oor type.

Download Full-text

Effect of a-Week Summer Camp on the Hopelessness and Self-Esteem of the University Students Attending Sport Sciences Faculty

International Journal of Physical Education Fitness and Sports ◽

10.26524/ijpefs1845 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 42-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Korkmaz YİĞİTER ◽

Hakan TOSUN

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Summer Camp ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Female Students ◽

T Test ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

The University

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of participation in a 1-week summer camp on thehopelessness and self-esteem of the university students attending Sport Sciences Faculty. Participants were 36university students assigned to experiment group using a random procedure. Coopersmith Self-esteem and Beck Hopelessness Scales were completed at the beginning and end of the summer camp by designed the university. The obtained data were analysed in the SPSS 18.0 program and the significance level was taken as 0.05. The descriptive statistics, independent simple t test, paired simple t test and Pearson correlation were used for analyse the data in the study. According to the results of the research, no significant difference was observed in the comparison of the hopelessness and self-esteem levels between pre and post-test. In addition, there was a significant difference in the hopelessness level of male and female students but any significant difference was not observed in terms of self-esteem. There was a significant relationship between hopelessness and self-esteem pre and post-test. These result shows that a 1-week summer camp cannot change the hopelessness or self-esteem level. However, as the self-esteem rises, the rate of despair decreases whereas as the despair rises, the selfesteem decreases.

Download Full-text

Scoping Social Entrepreneurship in India: Organisation, Technology, and Collaboration

GIS Business ◽

10.26643/gis.v2i1.5139 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 39-47

Author(s):

Sunita Kumari ◽

Bino Paul G.D.

Keyword(s):

Social Development ◽

Human Development ◽

Social Entrepreneurship ◽

Social Stratification ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Social Protection ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Non Profit ◽

The Core ◽

Lock In

We explore emerging contexts of social entrepreneurship in India. Social entrepreneurship is emerging as an important option in poverty reduction and social change wherein organizing societal responses to scenarios like entrenched deprivation, cumulative disadvantages, long extant institutional lock-in, and vulnerabilities enmeshed in social stratification, hiatus emanating from segmentation of labour market and inadequate coverage of social protection form the core of strategies/collectives/organisation. In this paper, first, drawing cues from the literature, we outline basic typology of social entrepreneurship while delineating pivotal role technology and collaboration play in social entrepreneurship. Second, we provide a glimpse of not profit organisations in India, based on the secondary data. We juxtapose select patterns from the data on non profit organisations with human development. Third, we discuss select cases of social entrepreneurship that diverge in characteristics and contexts, in particular how these initiatives work towards poverty reduction and social development.

Download Full-text

FISCAL STRESS: Studi Kasus Pemda Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Wahana ◽

10.35591/whn.v21i2.152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 125-135

Author(s):

Mesri Welhelmina N. Manafe ◽

Zet Ena ◽

Salmun Saul Adu

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Local Governments ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Fiscal Stress ◽

Fiscal Health ◽

Significance Level ◽

Stress Variable ◽

Local Budget ◽

The Relationship ◽

Direct Expenditure

Local governments play a significant role in the life of the community and the national economy which can be achieved in fiscal health conditions reflected in the low disparity in income structure towards regional expenditure. The inability of regions to escape fiscal dependence is due to the low income, especially from Pendapatan Asli Daerah, which causes fiscal stress which then impacts on policies and implementation of regional spending through spending on programs and activities. This study will examine the relationship between Fiscal Stress and Pendapatan Asli Daerah and expenditure of East Nusa Tenggara Province through simple linear regression testing using secondary data Pertumbuhan Pendapatan Asli Daerah and Belanja Langsung using a sample of six (6) districts / cities in 2014-2016 The results of the study show that the fiscal stress variable does not affect the income structure through Pertumbuhan Pendapatan Asli Daerah and Belanja Langsung at a significance level of <0.05. The results of this study contribute to local budget policies and theoretically to the use of direct expenditure variables that are different from previous studies. Key Words: Fiscal Health, Fiscal Stress, Pendapatan Asli Daerah, dan Belanja Langsung

Download Full-text