scholarly journals Traffic Speed Rule Violation Detection System

2021 ◽  
pp. 536-541
Author(s):  
Ms. Rajaswi Borkar ◽  
Ms. Saloni Kadu ◽  
Ms. Saloni Kolpekwar ◽  
Mr. Dhanraj Parate ◽  
Mr. Saranju Bule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Violation Detection ◽  
The Cost

Research has shown that the highest rates of road accident are caused by high-speed vehicles. In an attempt to mitigate this problem, the authority has specified speed limits on the roads in order to regulate the speed of vehicles. To successfully enforce the speed limit law, a mechanism for monitoring a vehicle speed is required. There are numerous measures in use for detecting and monitoring the speed limit violators. Some of these methods include the use of speed cameras, radar, loop detector, police officers, and many more. These traditional methods are not effective due to their setbacks, which ranges from the cost of acquiring equipment, increase labor and manpower, and inadequacy of monitoring. As such, a simple, cost effective and easily deployed speed detection technique that can overcome the shortcomings of the traditional methods imperative. In this paper, we proposed an automatic speed violation detection. The proposed system is cost effective and user centered.

scholarly journals CFD Simulation of a Hyperloop Capsule Inside a Low-Pressure Environment Using an Aerodynamic Compressor as Propulsion and Drag Reduction Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3934
Author(s):  
Federico Lluesma-Rodríguez ◽  
Temoatzin González ◽  
Sergio Hoyas
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Blockage Ratio ◽  
The Cost

One of the most restrictive conditions in ground transportation at high speeds is aerodynamic drag. This is even more problematic when running inside a tunnel, where compressible phenomena such as wave propagation, shock waves, or flow blocking can happen. Considering Evacuated-Tube Trains (ETTs) or hyperloops, these effects appear during the whole route, as they always operate in a closed environment. Then, one of the concerns is the size of the tunnel, as it directly affects the cost of the infrastructure. When the tube size decreases with a constant section of the vehicle, the power consumption increases exponentially, as the Kantrowitz limit is surpassed. This can be mitigated when adding a compressor to the vehicle as a means of propulsion. The turbomachinery increases the pressure of part of the air faced by the vehicle, thus delaying the critical conditions on surrounding flow. With tunnels using a blockage ratio of 0.5 or higher, the reported reduction in the power consumption is 70%. Additionally, the induced pressure in front of the capsule became a negligible effect. The analysis of the flow shows that the compressor can remove the shock waves downstream and thus allows operation above the Kantrowitz limit. Actually, for a vehicle speed of 700 km/h, the case without a compressor reaches critical conditions at a blockage ratio of 0.18, which is a tunnel even smaller than those used for High-Speed Rails (0.23). When aerodynamic propulsion is used, sonic Mach numbers are reached above a blockage ratio of 0.5. A direct effect is that cases with turbomachinery can operate in tunnels with blockage ratios even 2.8 times higher than the non-compressor cases, enabling a considerable reduction in the size of the tunnel without affecting the performance. This work, after conducting bibliographic research, presents the geometry, mesh, and setup. Later, results for the flow without compressor are shown. Finally, it is discussed how the addition of the compressor improves the flow behavior and power consumption of the case.

scholarly journals Nine Recommendations for the Safety on Road both of the People and the Traffic Police

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Madhur Dev Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Injured Patients

Safety of people and traffic police on road and the provision of prompt and appropriate treatment of injured persons in road accident are urgent concerns. The nine recommendations accordingly made are 1) Considering anyone who informs about or brings to the hospitals the accident victims as innocent until proved otherwise, 2) Annual payment by all vehicle owners (as per the cost of vehicles) to generate treatment fund for any road accident injured patients in the free general (not paying or private or extended health service) outdoor or emergency clinics or ward of the public hospitals irrespective of anyone’ fault in the accident (insurance or other agencies may be assigned to handle the amount deposited and reimbursement of the payments to the hospitals), 3) Implementation of helmet wearing by motorcycle riders and pillion riders in motorcycles, 4) Stricter fine for hazardous traffic offenses, 5) Drivers of the larger vehicles should not automatically be held responsible for any accidents involving other smaller vehicles (to prevent smaller vehicles and motorcycles to drive recklessly), 6) Drivers should not be just held responsible to bear health expenses of injured patients (which is much more than the compensation required in the event of death of injured persons); this is to encourage drivers to take injured persons immediately to hospitals and prevent inclination to allow their deaths indirectly or directly; the drivers should be proportionately fined or punished as per the traffic regulations if they are found to be negligent, 7) Safe and visible platform for the traffic police to stay on the road, 8) Provision of cost-effective respirators for traffic police and traffic supervisors, and 9) Compensation for occupational hazards to the traffic police and field traffic supervisors by distributing to them adequate proportion (e.g. one-third to one-half) of the fund collected by stricter fine paid for the hazardous traffic offences. Provision of various allowances, including for hazards, and benefits is a common practice in the country. Compensation for the occupational hazards of the traffic police provides incentives to and motivates them to remain vigilant about hazardous traffic offenses day and night everywhere and, thus, is essential for the safety of the people.   

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Temporal and Club Angle Parameters During Golf Swings Using Low Cost Video Analyses Packages

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry H. Hunter ◽  
Ukadike C. Ugbolue ◽  
Graeme G. Sorbie ◽  
Wing-Kai Lam ◽  
Fergal M. Grace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Golf Club ◽  
Phase Measurements ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
3D Software ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare swing time and golf club angle parameters during golf swings using three, two dimensional (2D) low cost, Augmented-Video-based-Portable-Systems (AVPS) (Kinovea, SiliconCoach Pro, SiliconCoach Live). Twelve right-handed golfers performed three golf swings whilst being recorded by a high-speed 2D video camera. Footage was then analysed using AVPS-software and the results compared using both descriptive and inferential statistics. There were no significant differences for swing time and the golf phase measurements between the 2D and 3D software comparisons. In general, the results showed a high Intra class Correlation Coefficient (ICC > 0.929) and Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha (CCA > 0.924) reliability for both the kinematic and temporal parameters. The inter-rater reliability test for the swing time and kinematic golf phase measurements on average were strong. Irrespective of the AVPS software investigated, the cost effective AVPS can produce reliable output measures that benefit golf analyses.

scholarly journals Discrete-variable quantum key distribution with homodyne detection

Quantum ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Ignatius William Primaatmaja ◽  
Cassey Crystania Liang ◽  
Gong Zhang ◽  
Jing Yan Haw ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Discrete Variable ◽  
Quantum State Preparation ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Most quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols can be classified as either a discrete-variable (DV) protocol or continuous-variable (CV) protocol, based on how classical information is being encoded. We propose a protocol that combines the best of both worlds – the simplicity of quantum state preparation in DV-QKD together with the cost-effective and high-bandwidth of homodyne detectors used in CV-QKD. Our proposed protocol has two highly practical features: (1) it does not require the honest parties to share the same reference phase (as required in CV-QKD) and (2) the selection of decoding basis can be performed after measurement. We also prove the security of the proposed protocol in the asymptotic limit under the assumption of collective attacks. Our simulation suggests that the protocol is suitable for secure and high-speed practical key distribution over metropolitan distances.

Light Rail Lite or Cost-Effective Improvements to Bus Service?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1927 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Hess ◽  
Brian D. Taylor ◽  
Allison C. Yoh
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
The Cost

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is growing rapidly in popularity because it is viewed widely as an efficient and effective means to improve both transit service and patronage. This paper argues that two distinct views of BRT are emerging: ( a) BRT as a new form of high-speed, rubber-tired, rail-like rapid transit and ( b) BRT as a cost-effective way to upgrade both the quality and image of traditional fixed-route bus service. These two views carry different price tags because the cost of planning, constructing, and operating BRT depends on the complexity of new service features and on rises for BRT that offer service characteristics approaching those of light rail. This study fills a gap in the literature on the costs of BRT by examining in detail component costs–-actual costs for recently implemented services and projected costs for planned new services–-for a sample of BRT systems in North American cities. The study examined BRT costs of 14 planned and recently opened BRT systems to determine how the wide range of BRT service and technology configurations affect costs. The study found that although some of the most successful and popular new BRT systems are high-quality services operating in mixed traffic and implemented at relatively low cost, most BRT projects on the drawing boards are more elaborate, more expensive systems than many currently in service. Most new BRT projects emphasize elaborate LRT-type improvements to lines and stations in one or a few corridors rather than less splashy improvements (such as next-bus monitors, signal preemption, queue-jump lanes, and so forth) affecting more lines and modes in local transit networks. Among the 14 systems examined here, most could be characterized as light rail lite.

Study on Safety Measures for Construction of Foundation Pit close to Existing Railway Lines

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1279-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Zhang ◽  
Quan Mei Gong ◽  
Shun Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Foundation Pit ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Reinforcement Measures ◽  
Railway Operation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effective Reinforcement ◽  
The Impact

The finite-element method is adopted to analyze the impact of foundation pit construction on close-by railway lines, and related measures are studied to ensure the safety of railway operation during the pit construction. Eventually, cost-effective reinforcement method is recommended, therefor providing a reference for construction of similar foundation pit close to railway lines to determine reinforcement method. The conclusions indicate that under the existing structure design and basal reinforcement design of the foundation pit, the largest settlement of high-speed railway lines is 23.48mm, which does not meet the relative requirements. To reduce the settlement, three rows of high pressure jet grouting piles reinforcement outside the foundation pit and 0.15m away from waterproof curtain is recommended, and 18.0m is considered as the cost-effective reinforcement depth. With the effect of the proposed reinforcement measures, the largest settlement magnitude of high-speed railway subgrade is reduced by 25% to 14.0mm, which meets the relative requirement.

An Innovative Package EMC Solution Using a Highly Cost-Effective Sputtered Conformal Shield

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 002152-002181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozad Karim ◽  
Rong Zhou ◽  
Jun Fan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Layer ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
System Level ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost

High-speed digital and wireless devices radiate undesired electromagnetic noises that affect the normal operation of other devices causing electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems. Printed circuit board (PCB) and system-level shielding may alleviate inter-system EMI between the PCB board and the outside environment, but does not prevent intra-system EMI within the shielding enclosure. Package and System in Package (SiP) level shielding is often used to minimize intra-system EMI issues. An external metal lid is traditionally employed to prevent noise emission from a device, but the cost and size of this technique makes it unattractive for modern electronics. Conformal shielding is gaining momentum due to its size and height advantages. However, high cost and complexity of the sprayed coating shield prevents it from being used for a wide range of low cost commercial applications. In this paper, an innovative shielding technology with sputtered metal conformal shield is investigated using a specially designed test vehicle. By sputtering a conductive material onto a package, a very thin (typically a few μm) metal layer is constructed on the top and around four sides of the package. This thin sputtered metal layer adds virtually zero penalty to the package size. The cost and complexity of the sputtering process is significantly lower compared to a spraying process. Several types of shielded and unshielded modules were built and extensively tested for both far-field and near-field shielding effectiveness (SE) in a semi-anechoic chamber. The performance of the sputtered conformal shield is compared to that of an unshielded module and the sprayed shield. The measured results show that the sputtered shield performs equally well to a sprayed shield, in far field test, with most measurements better than 40 dB of SE. In near field testing, sputtered shields mostly outperform the sprayed shield, especially when compared in the entire scanned region. A well-designed sputtered conformal shield can, therefore, be a very cost-effective EMI solution for a wide range of packages, such as SiP. Also in the paper, a full wave 3D HFSS model is presented and simulated results for both far and near field are compared with measured data.

An Improved Hall Vehicle Speed Sensor Detection System

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 2334-2337
Author(s):  
Zheng Kun Qin ◽  
Shu Yuan Li ◽  
Chun Wu Wang ◽  
Zhong Ping Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Synchronous Detection ◽  
Storage Oscilloscope ◽  
Speed Sensor ◽  
Digital Storage ◽  
Digital Storage Oscilloscope ◽  
Sensor Detection

In order to improve the detecting efficiency of the Hall vehicle speed sensor, an improved detection system was presented in this paper. This system was consists of five parts of system manager, A/D converter, D/A converter, voltage comparator, and a high-speed programmable counter array. The quality of Hall vehicle speed sensor online was evaluated, and the statistical result was graphically displayed by PC. Compared with the synchronous detection of digital storage oscilloscope, it is shown that the detecting accuracy of the system can then meet the requirements of industrial production, and will be suitable for mass production.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Silicon for Optoelectronic Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Ryu ◽  
A. Filios ◽  
Y. Paek ◽  
S. Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Quantum Size ◽  
Silicon Sensors ◽  
Optoelectronic Applications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Photovoltaic Solar Cells

ABSTRACTSilicon is by far the most successful material in the microelectronics industry enjoying a well-established fabrication and processing infrastructure. Two of the main challenges in traditional silicon electronic devices are (a) silicon’s relatively small and indirect fundamental energy band-gap, which severely limits optoelectronic applications, and (b) the absence of a suitable material to form a heterojunction barrier on silicon. Silicon based nanostructures are being explored as potential candidates to extent the applications of silicon in optoelectronics, provide for high-speed silicon quantum devices, increase the efficiency and reduce the cost in silicon photovoltaic solar cells, and facilitate cost-effective silicon sensors for biological, environmental, and other applications. Quantum size silicon nanolayers, nanowires, and nanodots embedded in oxide, nitride, and other amorphous matrices may provide an effective barrier for silicon, as well as band-gap engineering and enhanced optical transitions for solar cell and optoelectronic applications.

Traffic surveillance and speed limit violation detection system

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 3761-3773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar ◽  
Dharmender Singh Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Traffic Surveillance ◽  
Violation Detection
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