Tsunami evacuation buildings and evacuation planning in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendri Yuzal, MURP ◽  
Karl Kim, PhD ◽  
Pradip Pant, PhD ◽  
Eric Yamashita, MURP
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
Banda Aceh

Indonesia, a country of more than 17,000 islands, is exposed to many hazards. A magnitude 9.1 earthquake struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, on December 26, 2004. It triggered a series of tsunami waves that spread across the Indian Ocean causing damage in 11 countries. Banda Aceh, the capital city of Aceh Province, was among the most damaged. More than 31,000 people were killed. At the time, there were no early warning systems nor evacuation buildings that could provide safe refuge for residents. Since then, four tsunami evacuation buildings (TEBs) have been constructed in the Meuraxa subdistrict of Banda Aceh. Based on analysis of evacuation routes and travel times, the capacity of existing TEBs is examined. Existing TEBs would not be able to shelter all of the at-risk population. In this study, additional buildings and locations for TEBs are proposed and residents are assigned to the closest TEBs. While TEBs may be part of a larger system of tsunami mitigation efforts, other strategies and approaches need to be considered. In addition to TEBs, robust detection, warning and alert systems, land use planning, training, exercises, and other preparedness strategies are essential to tsunami risk reduction.

scholarly journals Keberagaman Semu dan Dilema Minoritas di Kota Banda Aceh

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Teuku Kemal Fasya
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
City Government ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Banda Aceh

This study examines the understanding of the concept of diversity (pluralism and multiculturalism) in the city of Banda Aceh; the capital city of Aceh Province which is now more than 800 years old. Can the city be classified as a diversity-friendly city as it is embedded for Pematang Siantar, Manado, Kupang, or Bali, which are among the most diversity friendly regions and are tolerant to other religions and beliefs? This study adopts socio-qualitative with an ethnographic approach to present arguments about the diversity in the city of Banda Aceh. The analytical instrument seeks to empathize with Banda Aceh's value of inductivity, as well as its "particularistic" dimension so that it can be understood emphatically. This article seeks to test the hypothesis of whether or not Banda Aceh City government has sufficiently promoted the culture of minority groups, not only protecting them from violence and granting the right to live and do business. By using observation and in-depth interview techniques, this paper also shows the enigmatic side of minority groups, including the exclusion of “subaltern” groups: the weakest minority and can be called the minority of the minorities. The most apparant of this minority group is the Chinese gets a wider portion of the discussion, compared to other minorities. This is because of the complexity that this community enjoys which shapes their lives with other minority groups and builds the concept of encounters with local communities in Banda Aceh. The diversity values of this city experienced a dynamic change. In the last fifteen years, the diversity was best promoted in the city of Banda Aceh during the governance period of Mawardy Nurdin who served as mayor of Banda Aceh from 2007-2014.

scholarly journals Conceptual Design of Pedestrian Overpasses Bridge for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunami (POBET) in Padang City – West Sumatra

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Andi Syukri ◽  
Gusri Yaldi ◽  
Desmon Hamid ◽  
Lukman Murdiansyah ◽  
Aufaa Rozaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Systems Planning ◽  
The People ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Vertical Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Drills ◽  
The Government ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Padang City, the most populated city in West Sumatra, is considered to have one of the world’s highest tsunami risks due to its high and close offshore thrust-fault seismic hazard, its flat terrain, and its dense population, which is mostly distributed along the coast. Current preparation for a tsunami in Padang focuses on developing early warning systems, planning evacuation routes, conducting evacuation drills, and educating the public about its tsunami risk. These are necessary, but insufficient, steps. The natural warning in Padang—strong earthquake shaking that lasts over a minute—will be the first and best indicator that a tsunami is likely to strike. It is estimated that even if evacuation begins immediately after the earthquake shaking stops, more than 100,000 inhabitants of Padang will be unable to reach high ground in less than 30 minutes—the expected time between the end of the earthquake shaking and the arrival of the tsunami wave at the shore. Based on Evaluation of Tsunami Evacuation Infrastructure for Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia (Veronica, et.al: 2011) concluded, based upon extensive fieldwork, that Padang’s existing tsunami evacuation capacity is grossly inadequate, and that tsunami evacuation structures are essential to protect the people of Padang. To maximize their impact and effectiveness, those tsunami evacuation structures should be locally-appropriate, feasible to build and maintain, and easy to replicate. The M7.6 earthquake that struck Padang on September 30, 2009 confirmed this critical need for tsunami evacuation infrastructure. Although the earthquake did not generate a tsunami, it did cause the collapse of many buildings that had previously been identified as satisfactory evacuation structures. The earthquake also triggered massive traffic jams, stranding people in harm’s way and demonstrating why Padang needs structures that enable more people to evacuate-in-place. Finally, it needs to design new structures to accommodate people to evacuate immediately in place. Pedestrian Overpasses Bridge for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunami (POBET) will work effectively for evacuees who get traffic jam during the tsunami inundated elapsed critical hours. The most reason for POBET need to be design is a prototype for the government to combine pedestrian overpasses bridge with vertical evacuation from tsunami. These evacuation infrastructures consider about less for land use, easy to reach, compatible for any infrastructure purposes. Rely on budget and planning, POBET would design with a smallest amount budget and effortless construction process. It can be replicate by the local government to build in any place in Padang City.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK RESPONDEN DAN ATRIBUT PERJALANAN TERHADAP PEMILIHAN MODA ANGKUTAN UMUM RUTE BANDA ACEH – TAPAKTUAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-304
Author(s):  
Andrian Andrian ◽  
Renni Anggraini ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
South West ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
Banda Aceh

The variance of transport modes may affect decision of mode choices for user to travel between the cities. Differences of characteristic transport modes add some value for the user in mode choices. Banda Aceh as a capital city of Aceh became the vital point as the center activities of Aceh province. Distibution of commodites and services is linked between Banda Aceh and the other cities in Aceh province, an example  with Tapaktuan which in the between south-west road of Aceh province as distibution of commodites and services from and towards Banda Aceh. The purposes of this study aim for the analysis of needs each public transport modes through the development model  of transport mode choices minibus with ac and minibus non ac. Data for this study collected by survey and questionnaires. Questionnaires designed with stated preference method. Development of model performed with software named SPSS 25 as each of transportation mode used as a comparison (base outcome). Model-based discrete choice model analyzed by binomial logit models approach. The results of the surveys shown the percentage modes choice for minibus ac = 62,5% or 275 respondents and minibus non ac = 37,5% or 165 respondents. The probability value based by respondent’s demographic shown P(minibus ac) = 66,9% and P(minibus non ac) = 33,1%, The probability value based by travel’s attribute shown P(minibus ac) = 57,1% and P(minibus non ac) = 42,9%.

scholarly journals Pengawasan Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh dalam Penertiban Pengemis di Bawah Umur

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-111
Author(s):  
Bobby Rahman ◽  
Rudi Kurniawan ◽  
Rizki Utami ◽  
Zamzami Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Local Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Banda Aceh ◽  
Social Affairs

This research discusses the proliferation of underage beggars in Banda Aceh, the capital of the Aceh province, Indonesia. This case confronts the local law, namely Qanun No. 11 of 2013 articles 45 and paragraphs 46. The focus of this study was to identify the effectiveness of direct and indirect monitoring and inspecting of underage beggars in this capital city, and at the same time to observe the obstacles encountered in handling this issue. A qualitative method was employed in collecting the data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The result of the investigation affirmed that the obstacle in overcoming beggars is the unavailability of social rehabilitation centers. Besides, beggars who are caught are only managed after they are released, then they repeat their actions because they are constrained by their daily needs. The patrol work carried out by the Office of Social Affairs often battled with resistance, such as when they rebelled and tried to escape in order to be caught by the officers. Most beggars in the capital city of Aceh are categorized as children and elderly people so that when conducting training, it is difficult to give punishment like to other beggars. Furthermore, the minimal budget provided by the government to curb beggars also becomes a challenge, especially to control underage beggars with routine patrols.

scholarly journals Disaster risk reduction through the reform of spatial structure and land use planning in Banda Aceh City

2021 ◽  
Vol 916 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
P P Tiar ◽  
Fiza ◽  
G Ricki ◽  
T I Pradizzia
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Reconstruction Period ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstract Reform of spatial structure and land use planning aims to reduce disaster risk and protect development outcomes. Ignoring spatial reform will increase the risk of more significant damage. A resilient city has the essential character to survive and to bounce back in no time. This decade, the development of global countries has focused on investing in resilience to protect development outcomes, including livelihoods. This study aims to determine the index of tsunami risk, vulnerability, and capacity and the proposed concept of spatial planning reform in the city of Banda Aceh. The research uses explanatory methods with geographic information systems and literature studies. The formula for calculating the vulnerability index was derived from Perka BNPB No. 2 of 2012. The high level of land use changing into settlements in coastal areas since the rehabilitation and reconstruction period until now, accompanied by a higher level of vulnerability (v), tsunami hazard (h), and low capacity (c) to reduce vulnerability exposure, indicates that it is necessary to reform the spatial plan of Banda Aceh City for mainstreaming the resilience infrastructure. Through investing in resilience infrastructure, the city’s capacity will increase and reduce the risk (r), and finally, the protection of development and citizens can be realized.

scholarly journals Dialektika Masyarakat Dan Bencana di Kecamatan Tangse Kabupaten Pidie

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sahlan ◽  
Siti Ikramatoun ◽  
Khairul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Banda Aceh

AbstractTangse is one of the sub-districts that located in Pidie district. About 190 km from Banda Aceh the capital of Aceh province. Since 2011 until 2018, disasters have become an annual routine of Tangse society, from landslides to flash floods coming every year. In this regards, this paper aims to discuss the dialectics of the community with disasters that befall in Tangse. The Data in this paper derived from observations, interviews and literature studies, then analyzed using a sociological approach. The results of this study found that many things have been done by local governments to cope with disasters. From prevention to reduce the risk of disasters that befall the community, when disasters are increasingly happening, the perspective of the community towards disasters begins to change. Now for some people in Tangse, disasters are not only viewed as calamities but also seen as "benefits". As a result, although the public has a sense of disaster risk, it does not make the community stop the activity that invites disaster in the land of Tangse.   Tangse merupakan salah satu kecamatan yang berada dikawasan pegunungan Kabupaten Pidie, berjarak sekitar 190 km dari Kota Banda Aceh, Ibukota Provinsi Aceh. Sejak tahun 2011 hingga tahun 2018, bencana telah menjadi langganan masyarakat Tangse, mulai dari tanah longsor hingga banjir bandang silih berganti menghampiri masyarakat. Terkait hal itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan tentang dialektika masyarakat terhadap bencana yang terus menerus terjadi selama beberapa tahun belakangan di Kecamatan Tangse. Data dalam tulisan ini bersumber dari hasil observasi, wawancara dan studi literatur yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis. Berdasarkan hasil kajian yang dilakukan ditemukan bahwa telah banyak hal yang diupayakan pemerintah daerah berserta unsur-unsur terkait untuk menanggulangi datangnya bencana, mulai dari pencegahan hingga mengurangi resiko bencana yang menimpa masyarakat. Namun, ketika bencana semakin akrab menyapa masyarakat, maka pergeseran cara pandang masyarakat terhadap bencana pun terjadi. Jika pada awalnya bencana dilihat sebagai suatu musibah dan masyarakat selalu menganggap diri mereka sebagai korban, kini bagi sebagian masyarakat tangse, bencana tidak hanya dilihat sebagai musibah tetapi juga sebagai “berkah”. Akibatnya, meski ada kesadaran tentang resiko bencana, namun hal itu tidak membuat masyarakat menghentikan aktivitas yang mengundang datangnya bencana di bumi Tangse.

Numerical modelling of tsunamis generated by mass flows at Stromboli Volcano

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Manzella ◽  
Symeon Makris ◽  
Federico Di Traglia ◽  
Karim Kelfoun ◽  
Paul Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Back Analysis ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Mass Flows ◽  
Sciara Del Fuoco

<p>As demonstrated by the Anak Krakatau eruption-induced flank collapse in 2018 in Indonesia, tsunamis generated by large mass flows like landslides and pyroclastic density currents can have devastating effects in volcanic areas. However, these phenomena are still poorly understood as they are unusual and complex events, largely unpredictable and often poorly constrained. </p><p>Stromboli is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, extensively monitored and studied in the last few decades. Many tsunamigenic landslides (sub-aerial and/or submarine) have taken place; at least seven have occurred in the last 150 years and a devastating one is believed to have reached the coast of Naples, at more than 200 km distance, during the Middle Ages. Because the level of activity of the volcano has remained similar ever since and the likelihood of such disastrous events is not negligible, the hazard related to tsunamigenic mass flows in this area needs to be carefully assessed.</p><p>Associated with the 3<sup>rd</sup> of July 2019 eruption, at least three mass flows were triggered along the Sciara del Fuoco slope; two subaerial Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) and a submarine landslide. Simultaneously, three buoys registered the height of the resulting tsunami wave ranging from 0.2 m in front of the Ginostra village to 1.5 m in front of the Sciara del Fuoco. Thanks to the dense monitoring network and the accurate bathymetry survey carried out by the IGAG-CNR, these events have been well constrained. </p><p>The tsunami waves studied here are smaller than those that could constitute a threat for the population living in this area, nevertheless they can be used to characterize the behaviour of the tsunamigenic mass flows. Back analysis of these events were undertaken with the two-fluids version of VolcFlow; this is a continuum mechanics model based on the depth-average approximation that has been developed for the simulation of volcanic flows. VolcFlow can take into account several different rheologies for each of the two fluids. In the present case, one fluid was used for the water body and one for simulating the mass flow. For the latter one, a constant retaining stress type of rheology was used (Dade and Huppert, 1998). Backanalysis suggested that it was the PDC which generated the tsunami wave during the events of July 2019 and best fitting simulations identified a constant retaining stress of 7kPa. With these input parameters it has been possible to run a large number of numerical simulations of possible scenarios. This has allowed to assess threshold values of volume and discharge of mass flows which could generate significant and potentially destructive tsunami waves. This constitutes an important input to improve early warning systems and to reduce the risk related to these unpredictable but extremely dangerous phenomena.</p>

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Morphological Changes due to the 2004 Tsunami Wave around Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teuku Rasyif ◽  
Shigeru Kato ◽  
Syamsidik ◽  
Takumi Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Hydrodynamic Process ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The North ◽  
Tsunami Model ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
Banda Aceh

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused massive morphological changes around the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. This research investigates the coastal morphological changes in the Banda Aceh area via coupling a hydrodynamic model with a sediment transport module. The Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) was coupled with the XBeach Model to simultaneously simulate sediment transport and the hydrodynamic process during the tsunami. The coupled model is known as COMCOT-SED. Field bathymetric data measured in 2006 were used to validate the coupled model. This study reveals that the tsunami’s impact was more severe on the eastern part of the coast, where it hit directly. Meanwhile, the western part of the coast suffered a lower impact because of the sheltering effects from a series of small islands and a headland to the north. This study has shown that the model results from COMCOT-SED are consistent with field data and show where the tsunami waves caused offshore erosion.

scholarly journals Community resilience elements and community risk perception at Banda Aceh province, Aceh, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 01005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Azan Ridzuan ◽  
Rina Suryani Oktari ◽  
Noor Azmi Mohd Zainol ◽  
Haslinda Abdullah ◽  
Jessica Ong Hai Liaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Community Knowledge ◽  
Community Attitude ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Community Risk ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Community Exposure ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Banda Aceh

Issues related to the community resilience became more popular after the earthquake and Tsunami tragedy in the Indian Ocean and Aceh, Indonesia, 2004. The community resilience is the ability of communities to withstand and mitigate the stress of a disaster, there is less clearness on the detailed resilience-building process. The risk perception is concerns how an individual understands and experiences the phenomenon and believed to affect people’s preparedness for, responses to and recovery from natural disasters. Aims of this study are to identify the relationship between the community resilience elements such as community experience, community exposure, community reaction, community attitude, community knowledge and the community risk perception using survey gathered from 542 samples of Banda Aceh Province community, Aceh, Indonesia. Results found out there is a significant relationship between the community resilience elements such as community experience, community exposure, community reaction, community attitude, community knowledge and the community risk perception. Statistically, results confirm that the implementation of the community resilience elements such as community experience, community exposure, community reaction, community attitude, and community knowledge act as an important determinant of community risk perception towards disasters risk management at Banda Aceh Province community.

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