AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF PUNICA GRANATUMON RENAL TUBULAR NECROSIS INDUCED BY NANDROLONE DECANOATE IN MICE MODEL

Objective: To observe the effects of nandrolone decanoateon renal tubules and its protection by punicagranatum (pomegranate) in mice. Study Design: Lab based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: One year in Anatomy department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in association with National Institution of Health, Islamabad. Methodology: Forty healthy BALB/c mice of both sexes with weight range of 2 5-30gms were equally disseminated into four groups, A as control while B, C and D as trial groups. Three trial groups were inoculated Nandrolone Decanoate 1mg per 100gm of body weight, through intramuscular injections in the hind limb, once weekly for eight weeks. Pomegranate nector was administered in animals of trial group C (3ml per kg of body weight) en route oral gavage tube daily, whereas animals in trial group D was administered pomegranate peel extract (200mg per kg body weight) via oral gavage tube daily for eight weeks. Evaluation of the outcomes of trial groups B, C & D was done amongst them and with control group A. Results: In nandrolone decanoate injected experimental group B, tubular necrosis were appreciated in comparison with control group A (p˂ 0.001), and showed statistical improvement when evaluation was done with pomegranate nectar and pomegranate peel extract treated trial groups C (0.001) and D (p=0.001), correspondingly. Conclusion: Punicagranatum in two forms, as nectar and peel extract, has almost identical curative effects on steroid administered renal tubular mutilation.

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Pomegranate Peel Extract Is a Potential Alternative Therapeutic for Giardiasis

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 705

Author(s):

Asmaa M. El-Kady ◽

Iman A. M. Abdel-Rahman ◽

Samer S. Fouad ◽

Khaled S. Allemailem ◽

Taghrid Istivan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Apoptotic Cell ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Multiple Drugs ◽

Peel Extract

Giardiasis is a major diarrheal disease affecting approximately 2.5 million children annually in developing countries. Several studies have reported the resistance of Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) to multiple drugs. Therefore, identifying an effective drug for giardiasis is a necessity. This study examined the antiparasitic effect of Punica granatum (pomegranate) and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy in rats infected with G. lamblia. In vitro study showed high efficacy of pomegranate peel ethanolic extract in killing G. lamblia cysts as demonstrated by eosin vital staining. We showed that treating infected rats with pomegranate extract resulted in a marked reduction in the mean number of G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites in feces and intestine respectively. Interestingly, the number of G. lamblia trophozoites and cysts were significantly lower in the pomegranate extract-treated group compared to the metronidazole-positive control group. Moreover, pomegranate extract treatment significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) and reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α, compared to infected untreated rats. Histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the jejunum and duodenum of pomegranate extract-treated animals confirmed the antiparasitic effect of the extract, and demonstrated the restoration of villi structure with reduction of villi atrophy, decreased infiltration of lymphocytes, and protection of intestinal cells from apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, our data show that the pomegranate peel extract is effective in controlling G. lamblia infections, which suggests that it could be a viable treatment option for giardiasis.

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Protective Role of Pomegranate Peel Extract on Testis in Adult Male Rabbits Treated with Carbon Tetrachloride

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v38i1.258 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 74-82

Author(s):

Wassan M. Hussen

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Body Weight Ratio ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Testosterone Concentration ◽

Testicular Weight ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract

The aim of the present study is to prepare ethanol extract of Pomegranate peel and the effects of this extract on testicular weight to body weight ratio, Serum cholesterol, testosterone concentration and histopathological changes of testes in rabbits treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Twenty four adult male rabbits were used. They were divided randomly into four equal groups. Animals were treated for 56 days as following: Rabbits of the 1st group were received 1 ml distal water orally once a day and olive oil 0.5 ml /kg B.W. I.P twice a week as control group. The second group were treated I.P with 500mg / kg B.W. of CCl4 mixing with equal volume of olive oil (0.5 ml/kg B.W.) twice a week (group T1). The third group was received pomegranate peel extract orally (100 mg/kg B.W) once a day and olive oil 0.5 ml /kg B.W. I.P twice a week (group T2). The fourth group were received pomegranate peel extract (100 mg/kg B.W) once a day oral I.P with 500 mg / kg B.W. of CCl4 mixing with equal volume of olive oil (o.5 ml/kg B.W.) twice a week (group T3). Blood samples were collected at (0, 14, 28, 42 and 56) days for measuring testosterone concentration, Serum cholesterol after treatments. Animals weighed and scarified and testis were removed and weighed, Samples of testis were taken for histopathological study. The results of the present study showed that treatment with pomegranate peel extract causes a significant (P>0.05) increase in testicular weight to body weight ratio. Also a significant (P>0.05) decreased of serum cholesterol and a significantly (P>0.05) elevation of testosterone concentration were observed. Histopathological examination of the testis was revealed that the extract of Pomegranate peel protect the testis against lesions caused by CCl4. In conclusion, Pomegranate peel extract could protect the tissue of testicles from CCl4 perhaps, by its anti-oxidative effect of pomegranate peel extract, hence eliminating the deleterious effects or toxic effect of CCl4.

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Microencapsulated pomegranate peel extract induces mitochondrial complex IV activity and prevents mitochondrial cristae alteration in brown adipose tissue in mice fed on a high-fat diet+

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711452000481x ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-37

Author(s):

F Echeverria ◽

P Jimenez ◽

M Castro-Sepulveda ◽

A Bustamante ◽

P Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Mitochondrial Complex ◽

High Fat ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Complex Iv ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

And Function ◽

Peel Extract

Abstract Pomegranate peel is an agro-industrial residue obtained after fruit processing with high total polyphenol (TP) content, making it an attractive by-product for its reuse. Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and its bioactive compounds have shown positive effects on obesity models. Effects on favouring mitochondrial biogenesis and function have also been described. However, once phenolic compounds are extracted, their stability can be affected by diverse factors. Microencapsulation could improve PPE stability, allowing its incorporation into functional foods. Nevertheless, studies on the potential biological effects of PPE microparticles (MPPE) in obesity models are lacking. This study aims to evaluate the effect of MPPE on BAT mitochondrial structure and function and metabolic alterations related to obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). PPE was microencapsulated by spray drying using inulin (IN) as a wall material and physically-chemically characterized. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n=40) were randomly distributed into five groups: control diet (CD), HFD, HFD+IN, HFD+PPE (50 mg/kg/d TP), and HFD+MPPE (50 mg/kg/d TP), for 14 weeks. A glucose tolerance test and indirect calorimetry were conducted. Blood and adipose tissue samples were obtained. MPPE supplementation prevented HFD-induced body weight gain (p<0.001), fasting glycemia (p=0.007), and total cholesterol rise (p=0.001). MPPE resulted in higher BAT mitochondrial complex IV activity (p=0.03) and prevented HFD-induced mitochondrial cristae alteration (p=0.02). In conclusion, MPPE prevented HFD-induced excessive body weight gain and associated metabolic disturbances, potentially by activating complex IV activity and preserving mitochondrial cristae structure in BAT in mice fed with an HFD.

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The Antimicrobial Effect of Pomegranate Peel Extract versus Chlorhexidine in High Caries Risk Individuals Using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Randomized Triple-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/5563945 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Benoy Jacob ◽

Nivedhitha Malli Sureshbabu ◽

Manish Ranjan ◽

Aishwarya Ranganath ◽

Riluwan Siddique

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Caries Risk ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

High Caries Risk ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract

The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial effectiveness of chlorhexidine and PPE oral rinse on S. mutans, Lactobacilli, and Veillonella, in clinical salivary samples of patients with advanced stages of dental caries at baseline and two and four weeks with PCR technique. This triple-blind randomized clinical trial involved 60 high caries risk adult patients, 19–59 years of age, randomly allocated into two groups of 30 subjects each. The intervention group received pomegranate peel extract mouthwash, whereas the control group received chlorhexidine mouthwash. Unstimulated pooled saliva was collected from the floor of the mouth before and after the intervention. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to analyze the bacterial copies of each salivary sample at baseline and two and four weeks. The significance level was fixed at 5% (α = 0.05). Overall comparison of antimicrobial effectiveness across both groups revealed insignificant outcomes. The control group evinced a significant reduction in S. mutans between a specific time, i.e., baseline and 4 weeks ( p = 0.043 ). PPE oral rinse as a natural product or ecological alternative was effective in disrupting activity across all microorganisms tested in this triple-blind RCT; however, the nutraceutical, when compared to chlorhexidine, was not as effective against S. mutans.

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Krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin sama efektifnya dengan krim hidrokuinon pada kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) betina yang dipapar sinar UVB

JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM) ◽

10.35790/jbm.9.1.2017.15313 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eva R. Siahaan ◽

Wimpie Pangkahila ◽

A A G P Wiraguna

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pigs ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Control Group ◽

Cavia Porcellus ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract

Abstract: As the outer organ of the body, skin becomes the main target of environmental influences, particularly the UVB rays. Based on analysis of phytochemicals, red pomegranate peel extract contains antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and vitamin C which are able to prevent increased skin melanin by inhibiting the actions of tyrosinase. This study was aimed to prove that application of 8% red pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) cream could prevent the increase of skin melanin in female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) exposed to UVB as well as to prove that the 8% red pomegranate peel extract cream was as effective as 4% hydroquinone cream in preventing increased skin melanin. This was a true experimental study using post test only control group design. Subjects were divided into three groups, with 10 guinea pigs each group. Group 1, the control group, was treated with UVB exposure and basic cream. Group 2 was treated with UVB exposure and 4% hydroquinone cream. Group 3 was treated with UVB and 8% red pomegranate peel extract cream. A total of 390 mJ/cm UVB dosage was given for 2 weeks. Histopahtologic slides were stained with Masson-Fontana. The amount of melanin area colored in black was evaluated by the percentage of pixel areas of melanin compared with pixel areas of all epidermal tissues. The results showed that the highest amount of melanin was in group 1 (18.13±4.76%), followed by group 3 (1.876±0.73%), and group 2 as the lowest (0.67±0.291%). There was a significant difference between control group and group 2 as s well as group 3 (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3 (P >0.05). Conclusion: Application of 8% red pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) cream could prevent the increase of skin melanin in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) exposed to UVB. The 8% red pomegranate peel extract cream was as effective as 4% hydroquinone cream in preventing increased skin melanin.Keywords: red pomegranate peel extract, melanin, skin, UVBAbstrak: Sebagai organ terluar dari tubuh, kulit menjadi target utama dari pengaruh lingkungan, terutama oleh sinar UVB. Berdasarkan analisis fitokimia, ekstrak kulit delima merah memiliki kandungan antioksidan seperti flavonoid fenol, tanin, dan vitamin C yang mampu mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin dengan cara menghambat kerja enzim tirosinase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek pemberian krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) 8% dalam menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin pada kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) betina yang dipapar sinar UVB dan krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) 8% memiliki efektivitas yang sama dengan krim hidrokuinon 4% dalam menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin tersebut. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan post test only control group design. Subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, masing-masing berjumlah 10 ekor marmut betina. Kelompok 1 (kontrol) diberikan pajanan sinar UVB dan krim dasar; kelompok 2 diberikan paparan sinar UVB dan krim hidrokuinon 4%; dan kelompok 3diberikan pajanan sinar UVB dan krim ekstrak kulit delima merah 8%. Dosis total UVB 390 mJ/cm2 yang diberikan selama 2 minggu. Sediaan histopatologik jaringan kulit menggunakan pewarnaan Masson-Fontana. Jumlah melanin dihitung dengan persentase pixel luas area melanin dibandingkan pixel seluruh jaringan epidermis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah melanin paling tinggi terdapat pada kelompok 1 (18,13±4,76%), diikuti kelompok 3 (1,876±0,73%), dan paling rendah pada kelompok 2 (0,67±0,291%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok 1 dengan kelompok 2 dan 3 (P <0,05) sedangkan antara kelompok 2 dan 3 tidak berbeda bermakna dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin (P >0,05). Simpulan: Krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) 8% dapat menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin pada kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) betina. Krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) 8% sama efektif dengan krim hidrokuinon 4% dalam menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin pada kulit marmut.Kata kunci: kulit delima merah, melanin, kulit, UVB, marmut betina.

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Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of pomegranate peel extract in trout burgers stored at cold temperatures (4±1°C)

Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.12714/egejfas.37.4.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 415-422

Author(s):

Ilknur Uçak

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Control Group ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract ◽

Total Yeast

Recently, it has become a common practice to utilize food processing waste as natural additives in food products by evaluating their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Pomegranate peel is also an important by-product involved in the pomegranate processing industry and has strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the quality changes of trout burgers prepared with pomegranate peel extract during the refrigerated (4±1°C) storage. For this purpose, peroxide value, thiobarturic acid (TBARs), total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) count, total psyschophilis bacteria (TPB) count, total coliform bacteria, total yeast-mold, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count and sensory quality parameters were evaluated in trout burgers. Peoxide value was found to be 2.75 meq O2/kg at the beginning with increasing in all groups and were observed significantly lower in the groups prepared with pomegranate peel extract than the control group (24.85 meq O2/kg). TBARs value of trout fillet was 0.07 mg MDA/kg and increased in all groups until the end of storage. The lowest values compared to the control group were found in the group prepared with 1% pomegranate peel extract. At the end of storage, TBARs values of the control, groups enriched with 0.5% and 1% pomegranate peel extract reached 2.78, 2.32 and 2.25 mg MDA/kg, respectively. It has been determined that pomegranate peel extract has a suppressive effect on TAMB, TPB, total coliform, total yeast-mold and LAB growth in trout burgers. As a result of sensory evaluations, pomegranate peel extract has been observed to extend the shelf life of trout burgers by 6 days compared to the control group. All these data revealed that pomegranate peel extract can be used as an alternative natural additive in trout burgers.

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The effect of red pomegranate (Punica ganatum) peel extract on leukocyte number and type in rats exposed with mobile phone electromagnetic radiation

Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry ◽

10.13057/biofar/f090205 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

MULKI RAKHMAWATI ◽

ISNA QADRIYATI ◽

LILIK WIJAYANTI

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Radiation ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Exposed Group ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Leukocyte Number ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract

Rakhmawati M, Qadriyati I, Wijayanti L. 2011. The effect of red pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract on leukocyte number and type in rats exposed with mobile phone electromagnetic radiation. Biofarmasi 9: 55-61. This research aimed to examine the effect of red pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract on leukocyte number and type in rats exposed with mobile phone electromagnetic radiation. This study was a laboratory experimental post-test only control group design. The subjects used were 32 male rats, divided into 4 groups: (i) control group, (ii) mobile phone electromagnetic radiation-exposed group for 4 hour/day for 14 days, (iii) mobile phone electromagnetic radiation-exposed group for 4 hour/ day for 14 days with red pomegranate peel extract 50 mg/kg weight body in pre and during exposed, and (iv) mobile phone electromagnetic radiation-exposed group for 4 hour/day for 14 days with red pomegranate peel extract 50 mg/kg body weight pre, during and post-exposed. After 41 days, blood was collected in a clean tube with EDTA from orbital sinus of rats. Blood was used for leukocyte number and type in Pathology Clinic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University. The data obtained were statistically analyzed with independent t-test by using SPSS Program for Microsoft Windows release 16.0 with a significance level at p<0.05. The results showed that red pomegranate peel extract decrease the leukocyte number than only exposed to mobile phone electromagnetic radiation group. The treatment of red pomegranate peel extract decreased for eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte, while for neutrophil, the treatment of red pomegranate peel extract showed increase than only exposed with mobile phone electromagnetic radiation group. Statistical analysis with independent t-test showed that the result was significant between group 1 and 3, and between group 2 and 3 of leukocyte number, but no significant for other groups. Meanwhile, the result of independent t-test showed no significant between all groups of the type of leukocyte. The experiment result showed that red pomegranate peel extract can significantly decrease the leukocyte number in rats exposed with mobile phone electromagnetic radiation (p<0.05), but no significant for different count (p>0.05).

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Lipid Lowering Effect ofPunica granatumL. Peel in High Lipid Diet Fed Male Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/432650 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Alireza Sadeghipour ◽

Maryam Eidi ◽

Ali Ilchizadeh Kavgani ◽

Reza Ghahramani ◽

Saleh Shahabzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Male Rats ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Saline Control ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

High Lipid ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

High Lipid Diet ◽

Peel Extract ◽

Lipid Diet

Many herbal medicines have been recommended for the treatment of dyslipidemia. The antilipidemic effect of hydroethanolic extract of pomegranate peel (Punica granatumL.) was investigated in high lipid diet fed male rats. Intraperitoneally administration of pomegranate peel extract (50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight) for 23 days on the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in high lipid diet fed male rats was evaluated. Treatment of pomegranate extract decreased body weight in treated rats, significantly. Administration of the plant extract significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, alkaline phosphatise, AST, and ALT levels, whereas it increased serum HDL-C in high lipid diet fed rats in comparison to saline control group. Also, histopathological study showed that treatment of pomegranate peel extract attenuates liver damage in high lipid diet fed rats in comparison to saline group. It is concluded that the plant should be considered as an excellent candidate for future studies on dyslipidemia.

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Protective effect of pomegranate peel extract on diabetic ocular structural changes in experimental diabetic rats: A histological, immunohistochemical and clinical study

Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research ◽

10.30918/ampr.91.20.042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 11-21

Author(s):

Saied K. M. Belal ◽

◽

Abdulhamid Al Ghamdi ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Weight ◽

Single Dose ◽

Protective Agent ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Ocular Complications ◽

Complications Of Diabetes ◽

The Third ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Peel Extract

Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus are rapidly progressing and have become a leading cause of vision impairment. The present study evaluated the potential protective role of pomegranate peel extract, as a powerful antioxidant agent, on the ocular complications of diabetes. One hundred, 8 weeks old, male Wistar rats were subdivided into three groups; the first control group (non-diabetic) was injected intraperitoneally with a single dose (2 ml/animal) of citrate buffer alone. The second group (diabetic untreated) was subjected to induction of diabetes by an intraperitoneal single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight). The third group (diabetic treated) was subjected to induction of diabetes as the second group and given simultaneously, 500 mg/kg body weight of pomegranate peel extract orally once per day with the drinking water. Clinical examination of lens and fundus was made, and the biochemical analysis was done at 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36 and 40 weeks after diabetes induction. At the end of the investigation (40 weeks), the rats were anesthetized, and the eyeballs were removed and sampled for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural investigations. The study revealed that the lens of 12 rats from a total of 40 rats of the second group (diabetic untreated) depicted the onset of cataract at 16 week, which increased gradually. The retina of the same group showed gradual inter-retinal microvascular abnormalities and histopathological changes. The third group (diabetic treated) showed marked amelioration as compared to the second group. ANOVA test for the biomedical indicators showed a statistically significant improvement in the third group. In conclusion, the pomegranate peel extract possesses strong potential for its development as a protective agent against ocular complications of diabetes. Keywords: Pomegranate peel extract, diabetes mellitus, ocular structure, rats.

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