scholarly journals Good Problems within and Across Disciplines

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Daniel Reinholz ◽  
Tara Slominski ◽  
Timothy A. French ◽  
Sam Pazicni ◽  
Chris Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Education ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Multiple Solutions ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Specific Discipline ◽  
Interdisciplinary Problems ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Specific Expertise ◽  
Good Problem

This paper focuses on the question of what makes a good disciplinary or interdisciplinary problem. We draw from literature across the STEM disciplines and two conference sessions to provide insight into what makes a good problem within a specific discipline and across the disciplines. We use various frameworks to analyze a variety of problems that were nominated as exemplars by STEM education research experts. Common features identified include real-world connections, reinforcement of conceptual understanding, a low floor and high ceiling, multiple solutions paths, and building dispositions of professionals in the discipline. While a good problem need not have all of these features, in general, good problems have more of these features. We also recognize that these problems are context-specific, as what may be considered a problem for one learner could be a trivial exercise for another. We discuss some of the challenges of designing good interdisciplinary problems and identify some features that can make a problem interdisciplinary, including use of cross-cutting concepts and drawing on the specific expertise of each discipline.

scholarly journals Social Polarisation at the Local Level: A Four-Town Comparative Study on the Challenges of Politicising Inequality in Britain

Sociology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 003803852097559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insa Koch ◽  
Mark Fransham ◽  
Sarah Cant ◽  
Jill Ebrey ◽  
Luna Glucksberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Social Polarisation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Missing Middle ◽  
Insight Into

This article examines how intensifying inequality in the UK plays out at a local level, in order to bring out the varied ways polarisation takes place ‘on the ground’. It brings a community analysis buttressed by quantitative framing to the study of economic, spatial and relational polarisation in four towns in the UK. We distinguish differing dynamics of ‘elite-based’ polarisation (in Oxford and Tunbridge Wells) and ‘poverty-based’ polarisation (in Margate and Oldham). Yet there are also common features. Across the towns, marginalised communities express a sense of local belonging. But tensions between social groups also remain strong and all towns are marked by a weak or ‘squeezed middle’. We argue that the weakness of intermediary institutions, including but not limited to the ‘missing middle’, and capable of bridging gaps between various social groups, provides a major insight into both the obstacles to, and potential solutions for, re-politicising inequality today.

scholarly journals Between Knowledge and Use of Iban and Malay Multiword Expression: An Insight into L1 and L2 Acquisition and Competence

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanthi Nadarajan ◽  
Fiona Balan
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
Formal Instruction ◽  
Schooling Experience ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Insight Into

This article examines usage and use of multiword expressions (MWE) among Iban youths in Sarawak. The questionnaire data were from 80 Iban youths who had to identify 15 MWE (similar, nearly similar and different) in Malay and Iban, and use them at the word, phrase and sentence levels. The findings revealed that close to 67% of the respondents could not recognise or use expressions in Iban, suggesting some loss of productive knowledge and language empowerment. However, respondents with recent schooling experience were able to use the expressions in Malay and reproduce them in written forms. Formal instruction and the written language have helped to extend local knowledge and use of MWE expressions for Iban youths. The study suggests that documentation, preservation and maintenance efforts stand to benefit when there is greater sharing and consciousness raising of common features between and among languages in the region.

On the Identification of Modeler Communities

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk van der Linden ◽  
Stijn J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers ◽  
Henderik A. Proper
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Enterprise Modeling ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Psychometric Data ◽  
Computing Science ◽  
Insight Into

The authors discuss the use and challenges of identifying communities with shared semantics in Enterprise Modeling (EM). People tend to understand modeling meta-concepts (i.e., a modeling language's constructs or types) in a certain way and can be grouped by this conceptual understanding. Having an insight into the typical communities and their composition (e.g., what kind of people constitute such a semantic community) can make it easier to predict how a conceptual modeler with a certain background will generally understand the meta-concepts s/he uses, which is useful for e.g., validating model semantics and improving the efficiency of the modeling process itself. The authors have observed that in practice decisions to group people based on certain shared properties are often made, but are rarely backed up by empirical data demonstrating their supposed efficacy. The authors demonstrate the use of psychometric data from two studies involving experienced (enterprise) modeling practitioners and computing science students to find such communities. The authors also discuss the challenge that arises in finding common real-world factors shared between their members to identify them by and conclude that there is no empirical support for commonly used (and often implicit) grouping properties such as similar background, focus and modeling language.

It’s Like Scanning the Spoon: Problems and Interventions in Insulin Pen Safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Susan Harkness Regli ◽  
Suzanna Ho ◽  
Margaret Yoho ◽  
Ilona Lorincz ◽  
Rebecca Stamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Medication Safety ◽  
Multiple Solutions ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Insulin Pens ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Expert Recommendations

This paper describes a multifaceted patient safety project undertaken to address the complex medication safety issues of single-patient insulin pens in the hospital setting. The project makes the following contributions: a) provides observation- and data-based insight into root causes for the wrong pen/wrong patient problem; b) provides multiple solutions that can work together to significantly reduce the incidence of insulin pen-related safety events; c) shows how Quality and Safety methodologies can work hand-in-hand with human factors and human computer interaction methodologies to produce richer, more in depth results, and d) confirm expert recommendations for best practices that can reduce risks.

The relevance of the clinical management of hypothyroidism for HCA practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 318-321
Author(s):  
Catherine Hayes ◽  
Sarah Keith ◽  
Yitka Graham
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Prescribing Practice ◽  
Physiological Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Specific Expertise

This article provides an insight for healthcare staff who may have limited knowledge of the implications of the pharmacological interventions for hypothyroidism to their everyday practice with patients. The historical perspectives explored in the article provide a contextual backdrop to modern prescribing practice and the specific expertise that this common condition necessitates if side effects are to be actively prevented. The incidence and prevalence rates of hypothyroidism ensure it remains one of the most commonly diagnosed endocrine disorders in medical practice. The article also provides an insight into the most common characteristics of hypothyroidism, with the need for individualised management that encompasses due regard for the physiological impact of the condition in the lives of those people living with the condition. Most importantly, the article provides an opportunity for healthcare staff to reflect with a degree of compassion on their own interaction with patients living with hypothyroidism, in order to maximise the potential of achieving a quality of life that is not characterised by ongoing symptoms of weight gain and tiredness.

scholarly journals Understanding adults’ strong problem-solving skills based on PIAAC

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 537-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raija Hämäläinen ◽  
Bram De Wever ◽  
Kari Nissinen ◽  
Sebastiano Cincinnato
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Good Problem

Purpose Research has shown that the problem-solving skills of adults with a vocational education and training (VET) background in technology-rich environments (TREs) are often inadequate. However, some adults with a VET background do have sound problem-solving skills. The present study aims to provide insight into the socio-demographic, work-related and everyday life factors that are associated with a strong problem-solving performance. Design/methodology/approach The study builds on large-scale data of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and gives insight into VET adults (N = 12,929) with strong problem-solving skills in 11 European countries. Findings This study introduces new knowledge with respect to the socio-demographic, work-related and everyday life background factors that contribute to successful VET adults’ problem-solving skills. The findings of the authors illustrate that a continuous process of development including non-formal and informal activity, as well as learning taking place at work, is associated with strong performance in problem-solving skills in TRE. Research limitations/implications An important implication of this study is that this paper introduces novel knowledge for VET adults’ competences and can be used to support the development of VET adults’ problem-solving skills in TREs. Originality/value The study was conducted to explore new understanding about good problem-solvers in TREs with a VET background. The originality of the study derives from its focus on good problem-solvers in TREs related to a VET background. The findings can be used to create novel ways to enhance the development of VET adults’ problem-solving skills in TREs.

Structure of the Mean Velocity and Turbulence in Premixed Axisymmetric Acetylene Flames

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Matovic ◽  
S. Oka ◽  
F. Durst
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Turbulent Velocity ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Probability Density Distributions ◽  
Insight Into

Laser-Doppler measurements of axial mean velocities and the corresponding rms values of turbulent velocity fluctuations are reported for premixed, axisymmetric, acetylene flames together with the probability density distributions of the turbulent velocity fluctuations. All this information provides an insight into the structure of the flow field. Characteristic zones of the flow field are defined that show common features for all acetylene flames studied by the authors. These features are discussed in the paper and are suggested to characterize, in general, interesting parts of the flames.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF SOLUBILITY CONCEPTS AMONG FIRST-GRADE HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Stojanovska
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
School Students ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Insight Into

A study was conducted to inspect conceptual understanding of solubility concepts among first-grade students and to identify the potentially present misconceptions. A total of 122 high-school students (15–16 years old) were involved in the study and a solubility concept test was administered in order to get insight into their conceptual knowledge. Students were divided into two groups: control group and an experimental one. Only the experimental group was subjected to a conceptual change intervention program.Descriptive statistics and significance testing were used to analyse and summarize data. Independent-samples t-test was used to test the differences in the scores between the control group and the experimental one and between male and female students involved in the study. For multiple-choice questions, four areas of conceptual understanding have been set: satisfactory conceptual understanding, roughly adequate performance, inadequate performance and quite inadequate performance. Furthermore, the findings revealed six misconceptions present in students’ minds.

scholarly journals Penguasaan Konsep Siswa Pada Materi Termodinamika Dalam Pembelajaran Argument Driven Inquiry for STEM Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Dionisius Bukifan ◽  
Lia Yuliati ◽  
Supriyono Koes Handayanto
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Stem Education ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This study aims to explore students’ conceptual understanding of thermodynamic in ADI for STEM education. The study uses embedded experimental design methods. It involved 29 students of XI grade high school in Kupang. Instruments tes consisted of 13 reasoning multiple chooise questions. Wilcoxon test results is P=.000 with an average posttest higher than pretest shows that there is significant difference between students' conceptual understanding of before and after learning. The effect size value is 2,39. Students’ conceptual understanding of each indicator is also discussed.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong><em> </em>Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui penguasaan konsep siswa pada materi termodinamika dalam pembelajaran <em>Argument Driven Inquiry (ADI) for STEM education</em>. Penelitian menggunakan <em>mixed method</em> desain <em>embedded experimental</em>. Penelitian melibatkan 29 siswa kelas XI SMA di Kupang. Instrumen tes berupa 13 soal penguasaan konsep pilihan ganda. Hasil uji Wilcoxon sebesar <em>p</em>=.000 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara penguasaan konsep siswa sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran. Nilai <em>effect size</em> sebesar 2,39 menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran <em>ADI for STEM education</em> berpengaruh kuat terhadap penguasaan konsep.

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