scholarly journals Antiviral activity and Antioxidant role of phenolics from Sophora interrupta Bedd in NDV induced oxidative stress in chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherukupalle Bhuvaneswar ◽  
Pappithi Ramesh Babu ◽  
Chintha Venkata Ramaiah ◽  
Gandham Sandeep ◽  
Wudayagiri Rajendra
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Alveolar Cell ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Brain

<p>The present investigation is taken up to evaluate the antiviral efficacy of phenolics isolated from <em>Sophora interrupta </em>Bedd and their antioxidant role in the brain and lungs of chicken during Newcastle disease virus (NDV) induced oxidative stress. The activity levels of selected antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalyse (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were significantly decreased in brain and lung tissues of  NDV infected animals over controls causing oxidative stress. In addition, histopathological alterations disclosed that lungs of NDV infected chicken were affected severely as evidenced by the alterations in alveolar cell morphology, congestion, necrotic and degenerative changes whereas degeneration of Purkinje cells, neuronal necrosis, degeneration in myelin sheath and compression of cells were observed in the brain of NDV infected chickens. These reduced antioxidant defence mechanisms and histopathological abnormalities were restored to normal when chicken were pre-treated with the phenolics isolated from <em>Sophora interrupta </em>Bedd at the dose of 300 mg/Kg Bw/day for one week. Pre-treatment with the phenolics isolated from the above medicinal plant also caused significant reduction in the titre levels of NDV. These results suggest that pre-treatment with the phenolics isolated from <em>Sophora interrupta </em>Bedd exhibited significant antiviral activity and thus the plant extract may be used as a prophylactic treatment for the prevention of NDV infection in chicken.</p>

Integrative view of serpins in health and disease: the contribution of serpinA3

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Sanchez-Navarro ◽  
Isaac González-Soria ◽  
Rebecca Caldiño-Bohn ◽  
Norma A. Bobadilla
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Hormone Transport ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure ◽  
Common Function

Serpins are a superfamily of proteins characterized by their common function as serine protease inhibitors. So far, 36 serpins from nine clades have been identified. These proteins are expressed in all the organs and are involved in multiple important functions such as the regulation of blood pressure, hormone transport, insulin sensitivity, and the inflammatory response. Diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular, and kidney disorders are intensively studied to find effective therapeutic targets. Given serpins' outstanding functionality, the deficiency or overexpression of certain types of serpin have been associated with diverse pathophysiological events. In particular, we will focus on reviewing the studies evaluating the participation of serpins, and particularly SerpinA3, in diverse diseases that occur in relevant organs such as the brain, retinas, corneas, lungs, cardiac vasculature, and kidneys. In this review, we summarize the role of serpins in physiological and pathophysiological processes, as well as recent evidence on the crucial role of SerpinA3 in several pathologies. Finally, we emphasize the importance of SerpinA3 in regulating cellular processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory response.

Role of Vitamins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Lovekesh Singh ◽  
Amandeep Thakur ◽  
Shamsher Singh ◽  
Bhupinder Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
The Brain

Background: Vitamins are the micronutrients required for boosting the immune system and managing any future infection. Vitamins are involved in neurogenesis, a defense mechanism working in neurons, metabolic reactions, neuronal survival, and neuronal transmission. Their deficiency leads to abnormal functions in the brain like oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of proteins (synuclein, Aβ plaques), neurodegeneration, and excitotoxicity. Methods: In this review, we have compiled various reports collected from PubMed, Scholar Google, Research gate, and Science direct. The findings were evaluated, compiled, and represented in this manuscript. Conclusion: The deficiency of vitamins in the body causes various neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington's disease, and depression. We have discussed the role of vitamins in neurological disorders and the normal human body. Depression is linked to a deficiency of vitamin-C and vitamin B. In the case of Alzheimer’s disease, there is a lack of vitamin-B1, B12, and vitamin-A, which results in Aβ-plaques. Similarly, in Parkinson’s disease, vitamin-D deficiency leads to a decrease in the level of dopamine, and imbalance in vitamin D leads to accumulation of synuclein. In MS, Vitamin-C and Vitamin-D deficiency causes demyelination of neurons. In Huntington's disease, vitamin- C deficiency decreases the antioxidant level, enhances oxidative stress, and disrupts the glucose cycle. Vitamin B5 deficiency in Huntington's disease disrupts the synthesis of acetylcholine and hormones in the brain.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and antioxidant indices of the marine red alga Porphyra vietnamensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navnath M. Pise ◽  
Dattatry K. Gaikwad ◽  
Tanaji G. Jagtap
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring

Abstract -Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence systems were assessed in a marine red alga Porphyra vietnamensis Tanaka et Pham-Hoang Ho, from India. Lipid peroxidation (LPX) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured as oxidative stress markers. Antioxidant defences were measured as catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and ascorbic acid (AsA), in order to understand their dissimilarity with respect to environmental conditions (pollution levels) from selective locations along the central west coast of India. Levels of LPX, H2O2, CAT and GST were significantly higher in samples collected from Dona Paula than in samples from Malvan and Kunkeshwar, while a lower concentration of AsA was found in samples from Dona Paula. Heavy metals such as Cd, Pb and Hg in higher concentrations in these areas than in other sites were also observed. Variation of oxidative stress indices in response to the accumulation of heavy metals within P. vietnamensis could be used as molecular biomarkers for the assessment and monitoring of environmental quality in ecologically sensitive marine habitats.

scholarly journals Neural Underpinnings of Obesity: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Brain

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Caitlyn A. Mullins ◽  
Ritchel B. Gannaban ◽  
Md Shahjalal Khan ◽  
Harsh Shah ◽  
Md Abu B. Siddik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Brain

Obesity prevalence is increasing at an unprecedented rate throughout the world, and is a strong risk factor for metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological/neurodegenerative disorders. While low-grade systemic inflammation triggered primarily by adipose tissue dysfunction is closely linked to obesity, inflammation is also observed in the brain or the central nervous system (CNS). Considering that the hypothalamus, a classical homeostatic center, and other higher cortical areas (e.g. prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, hippocampus, etc.) also actively participate in regulating energy homeostasis by engaging in inhibitory control, reward calculation, and memory retrieval, understanding the role of CNS oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity and their underlying mechanisms would greatly help develop novel therapeutic interventions to correct obesity and related comorbidities. Here we review accumulating evidence for the association between ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, the main culprits responsible for oxidative stress and inflammation in various brain regions, and energy imbalance that leads to the development of obesity. Potential beneficial effects of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds on CNS health and obesity are also discussed.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and genetic markers of suboptimal antioxidant defense in the aging brain: a theoretical review

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Salminen ◽  
Robert H. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNormal aging involves a gradual breakdown of physiological processes that leads to a decline in cognitive functions and brain integrity, yet the onset and progression of decline are variable among older individuals. While many biological changes may contribute to this degree of variability, oxidative stress is a key mechanism of the aging process that can cause direct damage to cellular architecture within the brain. Oligodendrocytes are at a high risk for oxidative damage due to their role in myelin maintenance and production and limited repair mechanisms, suggesting that white matter may be particularly vulnerable to oxidative activity. Antioxidant defense enzymes within the brain, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), are crucial for breaking down the harmful end products of oxidative phosphorylation. Previous studies have revealed that allele variations of polymorphisms that encode these antioxidants are associated with abnormalities in SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST activity in the central nervous system. This review will focus on the role of oxidative stress in the aging brain and the impact of decreased antioxidant defense on brain integrity and cognitive function. Directions for future research investigations of antioxidant defense genes will also be discussed.

scholarly journals P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and Oxidative Stress: Focus on Alzheimer’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Sita ◽  
Patrizia Hrelia ◽  
Andrea Tarozzi ◽  
Fabiana Morroni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Homeostasis

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, in particular P-glycoprotein (encoded by ABCB1), are important and selective elements of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and they actively contribute to brain homeostasis. Changes in ABCB1 expression and/or function at the BBB may not only alter the expression and function of other molecules at the BBB but also affect brain environment. Over the last decade, a number of reports have shown that ABCB1 actively mediates the transport of beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide. This finding has opened up an entirely new line of research in the field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Indeed, despite intense research efforts, AD remains an unsolved pathology and effective therapies are still unavailable. Here, we review the crucial role of ABCB1 in the Aβtransport and how oxidative stress may interfere with this process. A detailed understanding of ABCB1 regulation can provide the basis for improved neuroprotection in AD and also enhanced therapeutic drug delivery to the brain.

Anxiety-related behavior in hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload in rats: role of the brain oxidative stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Hrncic ◽  
Jelena Mikić ◽  
Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic ◽  
Milica Velimirović ◽  
Tihomir Stojković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a methionine-enriched diet on anxiety-related behavior in rats and to determine the role of the brain oxidative status in these alterations. Adult male Wistar rats were fed from the 30th to 60th postnatal day with standard or methionine-enriched diet (double content comparing with standard diet: 7.7 g/kg). Rats were tested in open field and light–dark tests and afterwards oxidative status in the different brain regions were determined. Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine-enriched diet in this study decreased the number of rearings, as well as the time that these animals spent in the center of the open field, but increased index of thigmotaxy. Oxidative status was selectively altered in the examined regions. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the cortex and nc. caudatus of rats developing hyperhomocysteinemia, but unaltered in the hippocampus and thalamus. Based on the results of this research, it could be concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload increased anxiety-related behavior in rats. These proanxiogenic effects could be, at least in part, a consequence of oxidative stress in the rat brain.

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