scholarly journals Analysis of the vibratory cultivator operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Special) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Andrey Ivanov ◽  
◽  
Stanislav Trofimov
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Frequency ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Body System ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Tractive Effort ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
Soil Metal

Vibration can significantly reduce the pulling force of machines. The crushing of the soil increases with the frequency of vibration of the organ, and it was found that the size of the pieces of soil depends on the ratio of the speed of the aggregate to the frequency of vibration of the organ. In addition, traction and fuel consumption are reduced compared to machines without vibrating implements. Reduced tractive effort is the most important indicator of the effectiveness of the use of vibrating tools. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of applying vibrations at different frequencies to a cultivator on its performance, as well as oscillatory motion at two frequencies and with constant amplitudes on the traction force of the working body and soil properties. It can be noted that the effect of vibration frequency on tractive effort is more important than the depth of tillage. These two factors are the main and most significant in terms of tractive effort. Working depth also has a significant effect on tractive power. It increases to 54% with an increase in the working depth from 100 to 200 mm. The result is the same with a depth of 300 to 400 mm. An increase in tractive effort occurs due to a higher additional soil pressure and an increase in frictional forces in the "soil-metal surface of the working body" system. Keywords: TILLAGE; OSCILLATORY MOVEMENTS; LOOSENING THE SOIL; VIBRATION

The algorithm for determining the pulling force while dragging a pipeline

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
I.N Krioni ◽  
A.V. Semenova ◽  
V.N. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Tractive Effort ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Pulling Force

This article describes the process of dragging a pipeline through a channel. In the simulation of this process, the interactions between the pipeline, the drill rod, the soil and the bentonite mud are taken into account. Dragging of the pipeline through the well is hampered by frictional forces of the pipeline and the drill rod against the soil, as well as the drag force of the pipeline when it moves in the drilling fluid. In the construction of a mathematical model, the influence of these forces is taken into account. To determine the frictional forces, the pipeline and the drill rod were considered as a flexible non-stretch filament. An algorithm for determining the tractive effort is created and implemented. A separate stage of the work is devoted to the accounting of ballasting of the pipeline.

First Worldwide Slim Coiled Tubing Logging Tractor Deployment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie S. Duthie ◽  
Hussain A. Saiood ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Anizi ◽  
Norman B. Moore ◽  
Carol Correia
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pumps ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
Factory Testing

Abstract Successful reservoir surveillance and production monitoring is a key component for effectively managing any field production strategy. For production logging in openhole horizontal extended reach wells (ERWs), the challenges are formidable and extensive; logging these extreme lengths in a cased hole would be difficult enough, but are considerably exaggerated in the openhole condition. A coiled tubing (CT) logging run in open hole must also contend with increased frictional forces, high dogleg severity, a quicker onset of helical buckling and early lockup. The challenge to effectively log these ERWs is further complicated by constraints in the completion where electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are installed including a 2.4" bypass section. Although hydraulically powered coiled tubing tractors already existed, a slim CT tractor with real-time logging capabilities was not available in the market. In partnership with a specialist CT tractor manufacturer, a slim logging CT tractor was designed and built to meet the exceptional demands to pull the CT to target depth. The tractor is 100% hydraulically powered, with no electrical power allowing for uninterrupted logging during tractoring. The tractor is powered by the differential pressure from the bore of the CT to the wellbore, and is operated by a pre-set pump rate from surface. Developed to improve the low coverage in open hole ERW logging jobs, the tractor underwent extensive factory testing before being deployed to the field. The tractor was rigged up on location with the production logging tool and ran in hole. Once the coil tubing locked up, the tractor was activated and pulled the coil to cover over 90% of the open hole section delivering a pulling force of up to 3,200 lb. Real-time production logging was conducted simultaneously with the tractor activated, flowing and shut-in passes were completed to successfully capture the zonal inflow profile. Real-time logging with the tractor is logistically efficient and allows instantaneous decision making to repeat passes for improved data quality. The new slim logging tractor is the world's slimmest most compact, and the first of its kind CT tractor that enables production logging operations in horizontal extended reach open hole wells. The ability to successfully log these extended reach wells cannot be understated, reservoir simulations and management decisions can only as good as the quality of data available. Some of the advantages of drilling extended reach wells such as increased reservoir contact, reduced footprint and less wells drilled will be lost if sufficient reservoir surveillance cannot be achieved. To maximize the benefits of ERWs, creative solutions and innovative designs must continually be developed to push the boundaries further.

scholarly journals Estimation of ballasting tractors 5-6 traction classes

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (47) ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
Irina Lоntseva ◽  
Vyacheslav Sennikov
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Tractive Effort ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
Energy Saturation ◽  
Number Of Passes ◽  
Engine Power

To increase productivity in agricultural production, combined wide-grip machines are being created, aggregated with tractors of traction classes from 5 and higher. In addition, according to agrotechnical requirements, the pressure of the mover on the soil should be minimal, as well as the number of passes over the surface of the field. These contradictions can be solved by ballasting of tractors, which allows using engine power to increase tractive effort. Ballasting affects energy saturation. Increased energy saturation with appropriate ballasting makes it possible to compose machine-tractor units (MTU) according to a more accurate ratio of the tractor pulling force and the unit's pulling resistance. The most in demand in modern agriculture are tractors of 5-6 traction classes produced by domestic and foreign tractor-building plants with an internal combustion engine with a capacity of 220-320 kW and an operating weight of 115-150 kN. The article contains a two-way analysis of variance, which makes it possible to determine the greatest influence on the ballasting of a tractor. A diagram is constructed that gives an idea of which of the studied brands of tractors can be recommended for performing agricultural operations, taking into account ballasting and compliance with agrotechnical requirements. Keywords: TRACTOR, BALLASTING, ENERGY SATURATION, TWO-FACTOR ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

scholarly journals Digital Data Processing Methods for Estimating Tractive Force of Tractors

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav F. Fedorenko ◽  
Vitaly E. Tarkivskiy ◽  
Nikolay P. Mishurov ◽  
Nikolay V. Trubitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Impulse Noise ◽  
Median Filter ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Tractive Effort ◽  
Useful Signal

Introduction. When carrying out an energy assessment of agricultural machines and traction tests of tractors, the most important indicator is the value of the tractive effort. The existing methods for determining the tractive effort of tractors imply the use of specialized measuring instruments, such as strain gauges and devices for processing and displaying information. The accuracy of determining the tractive effort is significantly influenced by the physical and mechanical properties of soil. To process the useful signal during the measurement of tractive effort, the data stream of the strain gauge sensor must be subjected to additional digital filtering taking into account the operating conditions of the agricultural unit. Materials and Methods. The functions of changing the tractive effort obtained on the K-744R2 tractor in various gears have been analyzed. An algorithm for digital processing of the signal of a strain gauge force meter based on a median filter has been developed that makes it possible to increase the measurement accuracy. The advantage of the proposed method is the ability to cut off sharp short-term impulse noise and sharp fluctuations in the amplitude of the measured value. Results. A method for determining the amount of tractive effort using median signal processing has been proposed. A device for determining the tractive effort during testing of agricultural tractors and units has been developed. The choice of the main components of the device for determining the magnitude of the tractive effort has been substantiated. As a result of the research, a device for measuring and digital processing of the signal of a force meter based on a microcontroller and specialized software for processing initial data in real time was designed and manufactured. Discussion and Conclusion. The developed method makes it possible to exclude the negative effect of impulse noise arising in the process of measuring the tractive effort of the tractor. The proposed device for measuring the tractive effort of tractors is compatible at the level of the exchange protocol with existing devices, has a high speed of operation in real time, multi-channel operation.

scholarly journals Strength of multilayer metal joints «shaft-sleeve-hub» of rotorcrafts obtained by plastic deformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (5) ◽  
pp. 052015
Author(s):  
S Lesniak ◽  
V Dudnik ◽  
M Borowy ◽  
O Lesniak
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Pressing Force ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
And Control ◽  
Multilayer Metal

Abstract Metal multilayer joints are used in the production and repair of transmission parts and control systems of rotorcrafts with intensively wearing surfaces in the form of smooth closed cylindrical and conical holes. The article describes two types of connections: rolled sleeve - hub and shaft - rolled sleeve - hub. The adhesion strength of the joints depends on the frictional forces that prevent the sleeve from displacing relative to the hub. The traction strength is determined by measuring the pressing force and the torque. It depends on the relative tension. An increase in the force of pressing the joint occurs with an increase in the relative tension of mandrel, in proportion to the hardening of the material. The smaller hub wall thickness leads to the more active effect of its springback to the foundation of contact pressure and an increasing of the traction force. Experiments have shown that the forces and moments of traction depend on the angle of the intake cone and the width of the cylindrical tape of the mandrel.

scholarly journals Application of a Geotextile in the Treatment of Post-Subsidence in Karst Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11826
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Chen Luo ◽  
Yuankun Li ◽  
Yanxin Yang ◽  
Yihuai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Surface Settlement ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Anchorage Length ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Stable Area

The use of a geotextile to treat subgrade subsidence after subsidence has occurred is investigated in this paper. To optimize the anchorage length and buried depth of the geotextile and evaluate the influences of the two factors on subgrade subsidence treatment, finite element analysis is performed and validated with existing model tests. The soil pressure, displacement, tensile force and deformation of the geotextile are studied. The results showed that the geotextile prevented an upward development of subsidence and stabilized the upper soil. The increase of the anchorage length of the geotextile transferred greater soil pressure from the subsidence to a stable area, induced a greater tensile force in the geotextile, and resulted in less soil displacement. As the anchorage length of the geotextile increased from 375 mm to 1500 mm, the surface settlement was effectively reduced from 1.05% to 34.18% when comparing to the situation without a geotextile. As the buried depth of the geotextile increased from 2 m to 6 m, the percentage of surface settlement was effectively reduced from 29.14% to 65.91% when comparing with the settlement corresponding to a buried depth of 2 m. It is suggested that the anchorage length of a geotextile should be the length of the subsidence with respect to width and that the buried depth of the geotextile should be 3–4 m for subsidence treatment. This provides insight into the treatment of sinkholes using geosynthetic approaches in karst areas.

scholarly journals З історії розвитку скотарства на Полтавщині (кінець ХІХ – початок ХХ століття)

2015 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
О. М. Бондаренко
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Cultivation ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
The One ◽  
High Calorie

На основі літературних першоджерел розгляда-ються окремі аспекти з історії розвитку скотарст-ва на Полтавщині в кінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ сто-літь. На розведення великої рогатої худоби особливийвплив мали два фактори – збільшення чисельностіміського населення й інтенсифікація обробітку землі.Ріст товарного землеробства, що вимагав підвищен-ня продуктивності праці, приводив, з одного боку, добільш посиленого розведення робочої худоби, ніжпродуктивної, а з іншого, внаслідок розшарування населі, – до росту поголів’я лише в заможної частиниселянства, що мала тяглову силу. Для Полтавщинирозведення великої рогатої худоби на усіх етапахісторичного розвитку відігравало вкрай важливе зна-чення, забезпечуючи населення висококалорійноюм’ясо-молочною продукцією.              Some aspects of the history of the cattle breeding development in Poltava region in the end of XIX – beginning of XX century are considered on the basis of literary sources. Two factors had special influence on the breeding of cattle: the increase of urban population and the intensification of land cultivation. The growth of commercial agriculture, which demanded the increase of work productivity, resulted, on the one hand, to more enhanced working cattle breeding than productive, and on the other, due to stratification in rural areas, growth of livestock only in the affluent part of the peasantry, which had a pulling force. For Poltava region breeding cattle at all stages of historical development was very important, providing the population with high-calorie meat and dairy products.

Modeling and Simulating of Multi-Rigid-Body System with Friction-Affected Translational Joints

2011 ◽  
Vol 88-89 ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
Hui Lian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Body System ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Coulomb’S Friction ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
Bilateral Constraints ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate ◽  
Multi Body

In this paper, a modeling and simulating method is presented for the planar rigid multi-body system with friction-affected translational joints. The dynamical equations of the non-smooth system are formulated by the first kind of Lagrange's equations in Cartesian coordinate system. The normal forces are expressed by the Lagrange multipliers, and the frictional forces are characterized by Coulomb's friction law. The state transition problem of stick-slip and normal forces of bilateral constraints is solved by an improved trial-and-error method. Finally, the planar rigid multi-body system with two translational joints is considered as a illustrative application example.

Exploration of Factors to Influence Solid Density Based on the Xerographic Toner Digital Printing Field

2015 ◽  
Vol 731 ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Chen ◽  
Guang Xue Chen ◽  
Hao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Digital Printing ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Solid Density ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Short Run

With the rapid development of the printing industry, relying on its flexibility and advantage for short-run printing, the use of digital printing in various areas of the market becomes more widely. Digital print quality evaluation and control is particularly important. Among them, the solid density is an important indicator of print quality evaluation. Using different digital printing methods, the factors to influence the density is different. In this paper, two factors that affect xerographic toner solid density were discussed base on the principle of electrostatic imaging and toner transfer and fusing process. Experiments analyzed different transfer supply voltage conditions on CMYK four-color solid density; and the fusing temperature on CMYK four-color solid density. The results showed that: transfer supply voltage and fusing temperature are influential factors on the four-color solid density.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE ANGLE FOR THE CENTER LINE WHEN ENTRING INTO A TURN BETWEEN THE REAR SECTION OF THE PIVOT-ARCHITECTED TRACTOR AND THE TRAILED MACHINE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kalinin ◽  
◽  
A. Korobko
Keyword(s):  
Traction Force ◽  
Unsteady Motion ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Wheel Slip ◽  
Rational Combination ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
Angle Of Rotation

Goal of the study is to analyze the change in time of the angle between tractor sections with lateral wheel slip and with different modes of movement of the unit in a turn. To achieve this goal, you must: – analyze the kinematics of turning an articulated tractor with a trailer or a trailed machine and determine the presence of stable and unsteady motion; – to conduct an analytical study of the formation of the values of the angle between the sections of the articulated tractor in time. Research methods. The methodological basis of the work is the generalization and analysis of well-known scientific results on the kinematics of turning a wheeled tractor with an articulated frame, a rational combination of theoretical and experimental research and the use of a systematic approach. The results of the study. The kinematics and traction dynamics of an articulated tractor are considered taking into account the axle wheel slip angles. One of the factors influencing the side slip of the tractor wheels is the pulling force on the hook. The direction of this force when turning is determined by the kinematics of the trailed unit and other parameters. The position of the towed implement depends on the angle between it and the center line of the rear section of the articulated tractor. In the process of studying the angle between the axial lines of the rear section of the articulated tractor and the trailed unit at the turn, three periods were distinguished: the period of entering the turn can be divided into two phases; the period of steady turn, when the tractor and the attached implement move around the center of the turn; and the period of exit from the turn, which is divided into two phases. Conclusions. When carrying out theoretical studies, the dependences of the angle of rotation of the tractor (the angle between the rear section of the tractor and the trailed machine or trailer) were established. The obtained dependences make it possible to determine the direction of the traction force on the hook when turning, which is very important when taking into account the influence of the lateral slip angles of the tractor wheels on the kinematics and traction dynamics.

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