scholarly journals EFFECT OF TETRAHYDROCURCUMIN IN STREPTOZOTOCIN - NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED DIABETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pidaran Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

Diabetes is a major health problem affecting major populations worldwide. It is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action associated with chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. As a consequence of the metabolic derangements in diabetes, various complications develop including both macro and micro-vascular dysfunctions. Pancreatic cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the two hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Treatment of diabetes without any side effects is still a challenge to the medical system. There is an increasing demand by patients to use the natural products with antidiabetic activity, because insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs are having so many side effects. Streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide type 2 model shares a number of features with human type 2 diabetes and is characterized by moderate stable hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, altered but significant glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, in vivo and in vitro. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is one of the major colorless metabolite of curcumin. THC has been reported to exhibit the same physiological and pharmacological properties of curcumin. Curcumin is rapidly metabolized during absorption from the intestine, yielding THC, which has shown the strongest antioxidant activity among all curcuminoids. THC one of the active metabolites in curcumin on blood glucose and plasma insulin in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Different doses of THC (20, 40 and 80 mg\kg body weight) were orally administered to diabetic rats for 45 days, after which activities 6-weeks treatment with various doses of THC and curcumin on glucose levels were assayed

Wogonin Alleviates Hyperglycemia Through Increased Glucose Entry into Cells Via AKT/GLUT4 Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2602-2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Khan ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Main Factor

: Insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes mellitus resulting in chronic hyperglycemia is a major health problem in the modern world. Many drugs have been tested to control hyperglycemia which is believed to be the main factor behind many of the diabetes-related late-term complications. Wogonin is a famous herbal medicine which has been shown to be effective in controlling diabetes and its complications. In our previous work, we showed that wogonin is beneficial in many ways in controlling diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we mainly explained wogonin anti-hyperglycemic property through AKT/GLUT4 pathway. Here we briefly discussed that wogonin increases Glut4 trafficking to plasma membrane which allows increased entry of glucose and thus alleviates hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Wogonin can be used as an anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycemic drug and works via AKT/GLUT4 pathway.

scholarly journals Modulation of Diabetes and Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Insulin-Resistant Rats by Mangiferin: Role of Adiponectin and TNF-α

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1935-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMIRA SALEH ◽  
NABILA EL-MARAGHY ◽  
ENJI REDA ◽  
WALEED BARAKAT
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Insulin Sensitizer ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Tnf Α

Mangiferin, present in Mangifera indica bark, was reported to produce hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activity in an animal model of genetic type 2 diabetes and in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Its effect on diabetic insulin-resistant animals has not been investigated. The current work aimed to explore the effect of mangiferin on diabetic insulin-resistant rat model. Diabetes was induced by high-fat/high fructose diet for eight weeks followed by a subdiabetogenic dose of streptozotocin (HFD-Fr-STZ). Rats were treated with mangiferin (20 mg/kg i.p.) for 28 days starting one week after STZ and its effects were compared to the standard insulin sensitizer, rosiglitazone. HFD-Fr-STZ, induced obesity, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance accompanied by depletion in liver glycogen and dyslipidemia. Moreover, there was an elevation in serum TNF-α and a reduction in adiponectin. Mangiferin ameliorated the consequences of HFD-Fr-STZ and its actions were comparable to the effects of the standard insulin sensitizer, rosiglitazone. The results obtained in this study provide evidence that mangiferin is a possible beneficial natural compound for type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders associated with the metabolic syndrome. This effect is mediated through improving insulin sensitivity, modulating lipid profile and reverting adipokine levels to normal.

scholarly journals Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Jinjoo Lee ◽  
Seungjin Noh ◽  
Suhyun Lim ◽  
Bonglee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the largest public health problems worldwide. Insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunction and chronic hyperglycemia result in devastating complications and poor prognosis. Even though there are many conventional drugs such as metformin (MET), Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas (SUF), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, side effects still exist. As numerous plant extracts with antidiabetic effects have been widely reported, they have the potential to be a great therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes with less side effects. In this study, sixty-five recent studies regarding plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes were reviewed. Plant extracts regulated blood glucose through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of plant extracts suppressed c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, which induce insulin resistance. Lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which are also associated with insulin resistance, are regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This review focuses on discovering plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes and exploring its therapeutic mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Importance of Reducing Hyperglycemia While Preserving Insulin Secretion—The Rationale for Sodium-coupled Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibition in Diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge A Jabbour ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Important Addition

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to rise in a number of countries, presenting a need for additional effective therapeutic options to be developed. This condition has often been treated with medications that can lead to hypoglycemia (sulfonylureas), weight gain (thiazolidinediones), or other side effects, including the gastrointestinal side effects sometimes experienced with metformin. Sodium-coupled glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of drugs under investigation that target the kidney’s ability to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream, improving glycemic control and aiding weight loss without inducing hypoglycemia. These compounds have shown encouraging results in several studies without any serious adverse events. They could therefore potentially become an important addition to the currently available diabetes treatments.

scholarly journals Consumption of Terpenoids-Rich Padina pavonia Extract Attenuates Hyperglycemia, Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress, and Upregulates PPARγ in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousa O. Germoush ◽  
Hassan A. Elgebaly ◽  
Sherif Hassan ◽  
Emadeldin M. Kamel ◽  
May Bin-Jumah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

Seaweeds are rich in structurally diverse bioactive compounds with promising therapeutic effects. This study aimed to isolate and identify terpenes from the brown alga Padina pavonia and to investigate its antidiabetic activity, pointing to the possible involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding rats a high fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks followed by injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats received P. pavonia extract (PPE; 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) for 4 weeks and samples were collected for analyses. HFD/STZ-induced rats showed hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, decreased insulin, and increased HbA1c and HOMA-IR. PPE ameliorated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats. Treatment with PPE increased hepatic hexokinase activity and glycogen, suppressed glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-biphosphatase, and glycogen phosphorylase, and attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver injury and lipid infiltration in HFD/STZ-induced rats. In addition, PPE boosted antioxidants and upregulated PPARγ gene and protein expression in the liver of diabetic rats. Phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation of six terpenes from PPE and in silico analysis revealed their binding affinity toward PPARγ. In conclusion, P. pavonia-derived terpenes attenuated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and improved insulin sensitivity and carbohydrate metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. These beneficial effects are mediated via PPARγ activation. However, further studies to explore the exact mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic effect of PPE are recommended.

scholarly journals Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevda Gheibi ◽  
Sajad Jeddi ◽  
Khosrow Kashfi ◽  
Asghar Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Inhibition and stimulation of H2S synthesis has been suggested to be a potential therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the effects of long-term sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) administration as a H2S releasing agent on carbohydrate metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was established using high fat-low dose streptozotocin. Rats were treated for 9 weeks with intraperitoneal injections of NaSH (0.28, 0.56, 1.6, 2.8, and 5.6 mg/kg). Serum glucose was measured weekly for one month and then at the end of the study. Serum insulin was measured before and after the treatment. At the end of the study, glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance and insulin secretion were determined and blood pressure was measured. In diabetic rats NaSH at 1.6–5.6 mg/kg increased serum glucose (11%, 28%, and 51%, respectively) and decreased serum insulin, glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance and in vivo insulin secretion. In controls, NaSH only at 5.6 mg/kg increased serum glucose and decreased glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance and insulin secretion. Chronic administration of NaSH in particular at high doses impaired carbohydrate metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes and Atherosclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Kaneto ◽  
Naoto Katakami ◽  
Munehide Matsuhisa ◽  
Taka-aki Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Increase Insulin Resistance

Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent and serious metabolic disease all over the world, and its hallmarks are pancreatic -cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Under diabetic conditions, chronic hyperglycemia and subsequent augmentation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) deteriorate -cell function and increase insulin resistance which leads to the aggravation of type 2 diabetes. In addition, chronic hyperglycemia and ROS are also involved in the development of atherosclerosis which is often observed under diabetic conditions. Taken together, it is likely that ROS play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles using Mucuna Pruriens and its Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 621-629
Author(s):  
Shifa Jawahar Ali ◽  
R. V. Geetha ◽  
S. Rajeshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Antidiabetic Agent

Introduction: The field of Nanotechnology has gained importance since last century. Nanoparticles can be used in medicine due to its increased interaction with microbes and has less side effects than drugs. Antioxidant compounds scavenge free radicals and inhibit the oxidative mechanisms that lead to degenerative diseases. There is a growing number of diabetes patients all over the world. Wide varieties of synthetic drugs are being used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, most of them possess side effects in the long run such as hepatotoxicity, abdominal pain, flatulence and diarrhea. Therefore, there is a need for a search of an alternate antidiabetic agent Aim: The aim of the study is to synthesize Copper nanoparticles from Mucuna pruriens and to evaluate its antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Materials and methods: Plant extract of Mucuna pruriens was prepared and filtered by Whatman No 1 filter paper. Copper sulphate was added to the plant extract and kept in a magnetic stirrer for nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesized nanoparticle was preliminarily analysed using UV visible spectroscopy. Finally the left over solution was taken to calculate antioxidant activity and antidiabetic activity. Results: Antioxidant activity was calculated by DPPH method and the percentage of inhibition of copper nanoparticles synthesised from Mucuna pruriens was 58.5% for 10µL, 59.6% for 20µL, 67.5% for 30µL, 71.4% for 40µL and 72.3% for 50µL. Antidiabetic activity was calculated by alpha-amylase inhibitory assay and the percentage of inhibition of copper nanoparticles synthesised from Mucuna pruriens was 66% for 10µL, 69% for 20µL, 73% for 30µL, 79% for 40µL and 80% for 50µL. Conclusion: We can conclude that copper nanoparticles synthesised from Mucuna pruriens are a potent antioxidant and antidiabetic agent. Since it shows a good activity in free radical scavenging, copper nanoparticles can be used in a clinical therapeutic application and also in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Synthesis, Characterization and Screening of Some Novel 2-Methyl-N'-[(Z)-Substituted-Phenyl ethylidene] Imidazo [1, 2-A] Pyridine-3-Carbohydrazide Derivatives as DPP-IV Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerana A. Chavan ◽  
Shailaja B. Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Activity ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Dpp Iv

Background: One of the leading global metabolic diseases marked by insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since the last decade, DPP-4 enzyme inhibition has proved to be a successful, safe, and well-established therapy for the treatment of T2DM. Objective: The present work reports the synthesis, characterization, and screening of some novel 2-methyl-N'-[(Z)-substituted-phenyl ethylidene] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridine-3-carbohydrazide derivatives as DPP-IV inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM. Methods: The molecular docking was performed to study these derivatives' binding mode in the enzyme's allosteric site. All the synthesized compounds were subjected for DPP-IV enzyme assay and in vivo antihyperglycemic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Results: The synthesized derivatives exhibited potent antidiabetic activity as compared to the standard drug Sitagliptin. Out of sixteen compounds, A1, A4, B4, C2, C3, and D4 have shown promising antidiabetic activity against the DPP-IV enzyme. The most promising compound, C2, showed a percentage inhibition of 72.02±0.27 at 50 µM concentration. On the 21st-day compound, C2 showed a significant reduction in serum blood glucose level, i.e., 156.16±4.87 mg/dL, then diabetic control, which was 280.00±13.29 mg/dL whereas, standard Sitagliptin showed 133.50±11.80 mg/dL. In the in vivo antihyperglycemic activity, the compounds have exhibited good hypoglycemic potential in fasting blood glucose in the T2DM animal model. All the docked molecules have exhibited perfect binding affinity towards the active pocket of the enzyme. The synthesized derivatives were screened through Lipinski's rule of five for better optimization, and fortunately, none of them had violated the rule. Conclusion: The above results indicates that compound C2 is a relatively active and selective hit molecule that can be structurally modified to enhance the DPP-IV inhibitor's potency and overall pharmacological profile. From the present work, it has been concluded that substituted pyridine-3-carbohydrazide derivatives possess excellent DPP-IV inhibitory potential and can be better optimized further by generating more in vivo, in vitro models.

scholarly journals ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF [10]-GINGEROL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN- AND HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
ASHUTOSH KUMAR YADAV ◽  
REETU ◽  
ARUN GARG
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Objective: India is the “diabetes capital of the world” with 62.4 million Indians having type 2 diabetes in 2011. A major risk factor for insulin resistance is obesity, which is generally caused by regular physical inactivity and high-fat diet (HFD). Obesity and diabetes are closely related to each other as about 80% of diabetics are obese. Obesity is a common finding in type 2 diabetes. The objective of the study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of [10]-gingerol in streptozotocin (STZ)- and HFD-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were used for the study. Animals were divided into six groups. The six groups in this study were, Group I (normal control), Group II (diabetic control), Group III (glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg p.o.), Group IV (orlistat at 60 mg/kg p.o.), Group V ([10]-gingerol at 15 mg/kg p.o.), and Group VI [10]-gingerol (30 mg/kg p.o.), respectively. The antidiabetic activity was assessed using blood glucose level, body weight, and various biochemical parameters such as serum total cholesterol (TC) level, triglyceride (TG) level, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), total protein (TP), serum alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), respectively. Results: [10]-gingerol exhibited an antidiabetic effect by significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, body weight, TC, TG, TP, and increase HDL. The results of the study demonstrated that the treatment with [10]-gingerol significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently prevented STZ- and HFD-induced diabetic rats. Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that [10]-gingerol possesses potential antidiabetic activity as it lowers serum glucose level.

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