scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FARMERS’ PERCEPTION ON THE ORGANIC CULTIVATION IN SELECTED HORTICULTURAL CROP

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Motilal Singh . ◽  
Amod Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Potato Crop ◽  
The State ◽  
Size Group ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Low Rate

A study on the farmers' perception on the organic cultivation for the selected horticultural crops viz.; pineapple, potato and cabbage was undertaken during the period 2018 to 2020 in the state of Nagaland and Manipur. The analysis of the data from the selected districts reveal that the total cultivated area is found maximum in Nagaland as compare to Manipur. The total overall land holding in Nagaland is recorded as 106.25 ha; while in Manipur it was recorded as 92.18 ha. While in Manipur state, maximum ploughing is recorded at marginal farmers with 2 ploughing, followed by small and medium farm size group, as 3 times ploughing is concerned, marginal farmers are maximum followed equally by small and medium, whereas 4 ploughing is concerned, very few are doing 4 & above ploughing in Nagaland for the pineapple crop. For the potato crop, 3 to 4 ploughing are found maximum in both the state. Very few are adopting 5 & more ploughng for potato crop in Manipur whereas it is found maximum in medium farm size group. In case of cabbage, maximum is found with 3 & above ploughing on medium farm size. The extent of adoption of (FYM) farm yard manure (in t/ha) across the different farm size group of Nagaland and Manipur shows that maximum FYM is used by the medium adopters, followed by low adopter and very few are found in the high adopter of Nagaland state. With respect to the state of Manipur, maximum are medium rate adopter followed by low rate and it is least on high adopter of pineapple crop. As for potato crop is concerned, medium farms were found maximum for medium rate adopter of FYM followed by low rate and very few are under high rate of adopter in Nagaland state. As Manipur is concerned, it is also found in the same trend with maximum on medium, followed by low and least on high rate adopter of FYM for potato crop. As cabbage crop is concerned, it is also following the same trend of pineapple and potato with maximum on medium rate, followed by low rate and least on hig

A Note on Groove Depth Changes Without Wear

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
F. C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract Tread wear rates during first wear measured by groove depth and weight changes do not always agree. Sometimes, the groove depth method shows a high rate and the weight loss method a low rate. Reported here are experiments designed to determine if grooves show depth changes without wear. Four tires were measured before mounting on a wheel, after mounting and inflation, and after inflation and storage. The mounted and inflated tires showed shallower shoulder grooves and deeper center grooves than the unmounted tires. In a second experiment, tires were measured immediately after a tread wear test and then stored mounted for two weeks before remeasuring. Each groove became deeper, and there was no change in the crown radius of any tire.

Rice Production in Punjab: Depletion of Water Resources and Environmental Problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 294-299
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Paddy Straw

Punjab has emerged as an important rice-producing state in the country. The state with 1.53 percent of the geographical area of the country produces more than 11 percent of total rice production in the country. The production of rice in Punjab increased more than 10 times due to an increase in area and yield. The growth of a rice crop at such a high rate over 20 years in Punjab is indeed a rare phenomenon in the history of agricultural development in the world. Due to extensive cultivation of rice in Punjab, the state has been over-exploiting the groundwater, more than its recharge. Most of the tube-well dominated districts of the state, witnessed the fall in water table more than 20 to 30 cm per year. To dispose of the paddy straw, the farmers of Punjab generally opt for burning it. This practice of burning of paddy straw besides nutrient loss is posing a serious problem for the public health and transportation system. Rice has now become a problematic crop for Punjab state due to its ill effects on its natural resources, that is, the water and soil environmental degradation. The Punjab Agricultural University experts and other committees estimated that the total groundwater recharge from all sources can sustain/support only 16-17 lakh ha of paddy in Punjab. The area under the crop increased to 29 lakh ha which was unsustainable in the long run. The area under rice in Punjab should be stabilized at 16-17 lakh ha and the remaining paddy area should be shifted to other crops like pulses, oilseeds, maize, fruits, and vegetables, etc. requiringless water, to achieve proper water balance. Thus diversification of some area from paddy is in the interest of Punjab farmers, State government and the Central government for long term food security on a sustainable basis.

scholarly journals Combining High- and Low-Rate Geodetic Data Analysis for Unveiling Rapid Magma Transfer Feeding a Sequence of Violent Summit Paroxysms at Etna in Late 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4630
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bonforte ◽  
Flavio Cannavò ◽  
Salvatore Gambino ◽  
Francesco Guglielmino
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Magma Sources ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
Low Rate

We propose a multi-temporal-scale analysis of ground deformation data using both high-rate tilt and GNSS measurements and the DInSAR and daily GNSS solutions in order to investigate a sequence of four paroxysmal episodes of the Voragine crater occurring in December 2015 at Mt. Etna (Italy). The analysis aimed at inferring the magma sources feeding a sequence of very violent eruptions, in order to understand the dynamics and to image the shallow feeding system of the volcano that enabled such a rapid magma accumulation and discharge. The high-rate data allowed us to constrain the sources responsible for the fast and violent dynamics of each paroxysm, while the cumulated deformation measured by DInSAR and daily GNSS solutions, over a period of 12 days encompassing the entire eruptive sequence, also showed the deeper part of the source involved in the considered period, where magma was stored. We defined the dynamics and rates of the magma transfer, with a middle-depth storage of gas-rich magma that charges, more or less continuously, a shallower level where magma stops temporarily, accumulating pressure due to the gas exsolution. This machine-gun-like mechanism could represent a general conceptual model for similar events at Etna and at all volcanoes.

PARAMETERS FOR DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF W ASTEW ATER TREATMENT PLANTS WITH HIGH-RATE AND LOW-RATE ACTIVATED SLUDGE TANKS

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brands ◽  
M. Liebeskind ◽  
M. Dohmann
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Rate

This study shows a comparison of important parameters for dynamic simulation concerning the highrate and low-rate activated sludge tanks of several municipal wastewater treatment plants. The parameters for the dynamic simulation of the single-stage process are quite well known, but parameters for the high-ratellow-rate activated sludge process are still missi ng, although a considerable number of wastewater treatment plants are designed and operated that way. At present any attempt to simulate their operation is restricted to the second stage due to missing data concerning growth rate, decay rate, yield coefficient and others.

Noncontingent Nonreinforcement of a Response as the Aversive Event in a Cer Paradigm

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1196-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Calef ◽  
Richard A. Kaufman ◽  
Ronald N. Bone ◽  
Steven A. Werk
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Aversive Event ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Response Facilitation ◽  
Early Training ◽  
Low Rate

The present experiment investigated the effects of noncontingent nonreinforcement as the aversive event in a CER paradigm. The results showed a significant response-facilitation effect during early training, but none during later training with a high rate-producing, high-density reinforcement schedule. The present results imply that a low rate-producing, high-density reinforcement schedule is not a necessary condition for response facilitation.

ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH INDONESIA ATAS MORATORIUM TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA KE TIMUR TENGAH PADA TAHUN 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dhiu ◽  
Ardli Johan Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
East Region ◽  
The Government ◽  
Middle East Region

ABSTRACTThe Existance of Indonesian Workers in the Middle East, is very beneficial in terms of foreign exchange earnings. Despite the high rate of remittances generated, the Indonesian government must also implement a moratorium on migrant workers sending policies to the Middle East in 2015, which is feared that this could cause a reduction in the amount of remittances, secifically for the Middle East region. Here, the writer will discuss in dept why the government should carry out the moratorium policy of migrant workers to the Middle East in 2015, while the gorvernment  also know that the existance of the overseas migrant workers woud benefit economically. The writer see that, as the main actor, the state is obliged to provide protection for all its citizens whwrever they are.Keywords: Indonesia Workers, Moratorium, National Interest, Protecting Citizens. ABSTRAKKeberadaan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Timur Tengah, sangatlah menguntungkan dalam hal pendapatan devisa. Dibalik tingginya angka remitansi yang dihasilkan, namun pemerintah Indonesia juga harus menerapkan kebijakan moratorium pengiriman TKI ke Timur Tengah Tahun 2015, yang mana kebijakan tersebut dikhawatirkan dapat menyebabkan penurunan jumlah remitansi, secara khusus untuk kawasan Timur Tengah. Di sini, penulis akan membahas secara mendalam mengapa pemerintah harus melakukan kebijakan moratorius TKI ke Timur tengah Tahun 2015, sedangkan pemerintah juga tahu bahwa keberadaan TKI luar negeri tentu memberi keuntungan secara ekonomi. Penulis menggunakan sudut pandang realisme, dengan memakai teori kepentingan nasional, sehingga akan dibahas secara  mendalam terkait permasalahan yang ada. Dalam penelitian tersebut, penulis melihat bahwa, sebagai aktor utama, negara wajib memberikan perlindungan bagi seluruh warga negaranya di mana pun berada.Kata Kunci: Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, Moratorium, Kepentingan Nasional, Melindungi Warga Negara.

scholarly journals Horticulture Scenario in Tamilnadu: Progress and Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
K Kesavalu ◽  
R Asokan ◽  
A Abdul Raheem
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Plantation Crops

Horticulture is now acknowledged as being a vital driver for economic development, poverty reduction and enhanced nutrition for populations in developing countries. Tamil Nadu is one of the foremost horticulture States in India, contributing 7.7 percent to the national horticultural production with 5.7 percent of the national level area. The horticultural crops contain the remarkable potential for export earnings within the State. Cardamom and pepper are important species of Tamil Nadu; Plantation crops of Tamil Nadu are coffee and tea, and that they are traditionally exporting products. Flowers have small areas in Tamil Nadu, but the price of production per hectare is substantial. Palmarosa and indigo are cultivated in negligibly small rooms, mostly for export. Therefore, this paper examines the progress, problems and constraints of the horticulture scenario in Tamilnadu.

Scenario Prediction of China’s Natural Gas Consumption and Carbon Emissions in the Next Ten Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-587
Author(s):  
Chunzi Wang ◽  
◽  
Mingxiong Zhu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption ◽  
Low Rate

Based on Johansen Cointegration Test, this paper sheds light on the long-run equilibrium relationship between natural gas consumption, gas production, and GDP in China. Three different natural gas demand scenarios of low, medium and high rates in the next ten years are considered, and a Neural Network Autoregression Model is used to predict the future carbon dioxide emission. We conclude: (1) In all three scenarios, the growth rates of natural gas consumption are all higher than those of natural gas production, while the gap between demand and domestic supply will gradually turn broader and China will largely rely on imports ; (2) In the scenario of low-rate economic growth, natural gas consumption will grow slowly, and it will be difficult to realize the carbon emission reduction targets by 2030 due to low-rate substitution of natural gas for coal; (3) If medium-rate to high-rate economic growth sustains, coupled with rapid increase in natural gas consumption and production, China’s Carbon Emission Reduction Targets for 2030 can be achieved with high-rate substitution of natural gas for coal.

Abandonment Issues

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-138
Author(s):  
Ben Nobbs-Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
The State ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Migrant Laborers ◽  
The 1950S

The chapter examines the intertwined movement of indigenous letters and bodies in the March to the East. In an array of letters Andeans demanded they take part in colonization in the 1950s and then denounced its shortcomings in the following decade. The chapter follows their petitions as they traveled from highland hamlets and humid settlement zones to the halls of government. Letters produced in the Andes in the 1950s and 1960s painted a provocative portrait of desperate situations in home communities with the promise and allure of the tropical environment of the lowlands. Writers attempted to shame the state by emphasizing their struggles as migrant laborers or braceros in neighboring Argentina and demanded land as part of the state’s commitments to its own revolutionary legacy. Along the lowland frontier, the reality of colonization failed to match the harmonious human experiment depicted in state propaganda. Government officials blamed a high rate of settler abandonment in new colonization zones on the “backwards” cultural practices of Indigenous migrants. Settlers flung this accusation back on the state, claiming that the MNR had abandoned them. Each group would cast failure as the justification for new rounds of intervention or radicalism in the following decades.

Poverty under Planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 254-295
Author(s):  
K. L. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Describing the manner in which poverty is incorporated as a parameter in planning, this chapter delineates the use of poverty estimates in policy-making, and in tracking progress of development over time and space. It dwells on the methodological issues related to measurement of poverty, and identification of poor households, comprehensively summarizing the debates surrounding it. Viewing the pace of poverty reduction as the ultimate test of planning, it quantifies the level and change in poverty since the 1970s. It analyses the state of poverty at national and state level, and assesses the impact of economic growth and income redistributive measures on poverty reduction. It brings out that the phenomenal decline in poverty in the reforms-era took place exclusively due to increase in income, eventuated by high rate of economic growth. Finally, it states that despite the decline, poverty remains a major concern.

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