scholarly journals Autoimmune thyroiditis: organizational and medical measures for early detection in the Republic of Belarus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
V. A. Rozhko ◽  
I. V. Veyalkin ◽  
S. N. Nikanovich ◽  
T. M. Sharshakova
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Competence Level ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of conducted organizational and medical measures for early detection and medical examination of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in the regions of the Republic of Belarus and to develop measures to enhance them.Materials and methods. Data on the incidence rates of AIT and primary hypothyroidism (PGT) in the Republic of Belarus from 1997 to 2017 were analyzed, data of a sociological study were presented and patients` records were analyzed. Epidemiological and sociological methods were used.Results. In the Republic of Belarus, two organizational and medical approaches to early diagnosis of AIT have been developed. The study has found a low competence level among therapists (general practitioners) of the Brest and Gomel regions and showed the absence of patients with AIT at Gomel Regional Endocrinological Dispensary even if there is a pathognomonic ultrasound picture and a high level of AT-TPO titer, which indicates that the incidence is undercounted.Conclusion. As a result of the performed study, the algorithm for organizational and medical measures has been developed and implemented for early detection and clinical examination of AIT patients aimed at PGT prevention.

scholarly journals Religiousness and civic identity of youth in the Republic of Dagestan: current state.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Yusup D. Dzhabrailov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level

The article is devoted to determining the level of religiosity of Dagestan youth and its influence on the process of forming civil identity. Based on the results of a sociological study, the author states that there is a direct relationship between the level of youth religiosity and their civic identification. He states that the high level of religious identity of young people does not weaken the position of civic identification. At the same time, pronounced religious ties contribute to the formation of a culture of trust in persons of other confessional and ethnic groups at the level of interpersonal relations. The experience of close connection with co-religionists develops a culture of trust in a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional environment. Nevertheless, the author draws attention to the difference in indicators of civil identification in the Islamic-Christian border area, which is associated with the predominance in the mass consciousness of muslims and representatives of non-Russian nationality of the feeling of violation of civil rights on a confessional basis. It is concluded that with the adoption of the practice of meeting religious requests of communities throughout the Russian Federation, regardless of religious affiliation, it is expected to increase the indicators of civil identification of young people. The article notes that the regional level is dominated by trends for favorable interfaith communication. To a decisive extent, they may depend on the socio-political attitudes at the federal level.

scholarly journals Awareness of Medical Workers with Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Disorders at the Primary Health Care Level in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 595-600
Author(s):  
Assel Tukinova ◽  
Gulnar M. Shalgumbayeva ◽  
Zhanna A. Mussabekova ◽  
Roza A. Abzalova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
The Republic

   BACKGROUND: Early detection of cognitive impairments (CIs) has been identified as one of the most important factors for the treatment of the disease. The World Alzheimer report 2011 states that the earlier a diagnosis is known, the better patients can be treated medically, patients and their family members can adapt to the development and learn to deal with the disease. Early diagnosis also leads to higher cost-effectivity, which will further improve, when treatments and social care interventions become more effective in future. It is the first-contact doctor who becomes the main figure in identifying the patient’s cognitive disorders. AIM: This study aimed to research the awareness of medical workers with early diagnosis of cognitive disorders at the PHC level in Kazakhstan. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study. A survey of primary healthcare workers was conducted to study the early diagnosis of CI in the elderly in the period from December 2019 to March 2020. The questionnaire was developed independently according to international finding and experiences and passed the validation process. The questionnaire included questions such as age, gender, nationality, education, specialty, work experience, conduct early diagnosis of CI or not, what methods respondents know, time available for admission for early diagnosis, desire to learn early diagnosis methods, and the region of residence. RESULTS: The total number of respondents was 823. To the question, “Do you check older patients for early cognitive impairment?” 335 (40.7%) answered “no.” To the question “Do you have time to use methods for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in the elderly during admission?” “no” – 354 (43%). To the question “Would you like to learn methods for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in the elderly?” The answer was “yes” 759 (92.2%) of respondents. This study reveals that the presence of time during admission, the region of residence, and the desire to study affect whether elder people check for early CI or not, in turn, specialty, education, gender, nationality, age, and work experience do not affect. We have identified a relationship of age, region of residence with the availability of time during admission to use methods for early diagnosis of CI, while it was absent with work experience. The region of residence, the availability of time during admission, and education influenced the respondents’ desire to learn early diagnosis methods, while age and work experience did not. CONCLUSION: The problem of early diagnosis of CI in the elderly at the PHC level is relevant and not fully understood. Early detection of CI at the PHC level is a key element in the fight against such a serious condition as dementia.

scholarly journals Financial Behavior of the Population of the Republic of Kalmykia: An Economic and Statistical Analysis

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-553
Author(s):  
Darya V. Моiseeva ◽  
Nadezhda V. Dulina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Internet Banking ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
High Level

Introduction. The large-scale work to improve the financial literacy of the population of Russia, initiated by the leadership of the country in 2011, has enhanced the developments aimed at studying the peculiarities of the financial behavior of the population of individual regions. The purpose of the study is to resolve the contradiction between the irrational financial behavior of people living in the Republic of Kalmykia, described by scientists and journalists, and the results of a nationwide sociological study, according to which Kalmykia is among the regions with a high level of financial literacy. Materials and Methods. The results of the nationwide sociological study ‘Financial Literacy Ranking of the Regions of Russia 2018’ and the official statistics from the websites of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the Bank of Russia formed the information base of the conducted study. In terms of methods, tools for time series analysis were used. Results. A detailed analysis of the statistical data describing the financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Kalmykia has been performed, namely: per capita income of the population, the volume of loans granted to individuals, the share of overdue loans and the volume of deposits made by individuals. A negative ratio has been revealed between the value of loans provided to individuals in the region and the volume of deposits made by them. A conclusion has been drawn that it is necessary to study the reasons for such irrational financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Kalmykia and to develop effective measures to improve financial literacy. Discussion and Conclusion. The irrationality of the financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Kalmykia has been objectively confirmed by the dynamics of statistical indicators characterizing the levels of the loan debts and savings. At the same time, an analysis of financial literacy ranking results has shown that the Republic of Kalmykia received a high ranking due to a higher level of use of the Internet banking services and plastic cards, however, a low level of savings activity and a high level of trust in banks in the Republic of Kalmykia have also been confirmed. The results obtained can be used in the development of financial education programs for residents of various regions with similar problems.

scholarly journals Daily socio-cultural practices of inter-national interaction of population in multi-ethnic region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Ushkin ◽  
Vladimir V. Kozin ◽  
Vladimir V. Frantsuzov
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Sociocultural Practices ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level

Introduction. The article tries to consider everyday sociocultural practices implemented by the population of a multi-ethnic region, ranging from hostility towards people of a different nationality at the place of work to nationalist propaganda in the media. Materials and Methods. The empirical basis consists of the results of the sociological study “Ethnic and Confessional Situation in the Republic of Mordovia”, carried out by the researchers of Research Center for Social and Economic Monitoring in May 2019. Results and Discussion. The results indicate that, regardless of nationality, the residents of the region demonstrate a rather high level of tolerance, which is manifested both in declarative assessments of the level of interethnic tension and a low frequency of dissimilative sociocultural practices. Conclusion. The use of the adjusted scale of social distance (or the scale of assessment of loyalty) allows the authors to state that the factor of nationality is not decisive in the situation of kinship, while belonging to a different religion in some cases can negatively affect ethnic stability.

SERUM THYROTROPHIN AND THE RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN SYMPTOMLESS AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS AND IN BORDERLINE AND OVERT HYPOTHYROIDISM

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gordin ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
R. Pelkonen ◽  
B.-A. Lamberg
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Serum thyrotrophin (TSH) was determined by the double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 58 patients with primary hypothyroidism and was found to be elevated in all but 2 patients, one of whom had overt and one clinically borderline hypothyroidism. Six (29%) out of 21 subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) had an elevated serum TSH level. There was little correlation between the severity of the disease and the serum TSH values in individual cases. However, the mean serum TSH value in overt hypothyroidism (93.4 μU/ml) was significantly higher than the mean value both in clinically borderline hypothyroidism (34.4 μU/ml) and in SAT (8.8 μU/ml). The response to the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was increased in all 39 patients with overt or borderline hypothyroidism and in 9 (43 %) of the 21 subjects with SAT. The individual TRH response in these two groups showed a marked overlap, but the mean response was significantly higher in overt (149.5 μU/ml) or clinically borderline hypothyroidism (99.9 μU/ml) than in SAT (35.3 μU/ml). Thus a normal basal TSH level in connection with a normal response to TRH excludes primary hypothyroidism, but nevertheless not all patients with elevated TSH values or increased responses to TRH are clinically hypothyroid.

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators to the adoption of electronic clinical decision support systems: a qualitative interview study with UK general practitioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ford ◽  
Natalie Edelman ◽  
Laura Somers ◽  
Duncan Shrewsbury ◽  
Marcela Lopez Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Clinical Decision Support ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Clinical Decision Support Systems ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Well-established electronic data capture in UK general practice means that algorithms, developed on patient data, can be used for automated clinical decision support systems (CDSSs). These can predict patient risk, help with prescribing safety, improve diagnosis and prompt clinicians to record extra data. However, there is persistent evidence of low uptake of CDSSs in the clinic. We interviewed UK General Practitioners (GPs) to understand what features of CDSSs, and the contexts of their use, facilitate or present barriers to their use. Methods We interviewed 11 practicing GPs in London and South England using a semi-structured interview schedule and discussed a hypothetical CDSS that could detect early signs of dementia. We applied thematic analysis to the anonymised interview transcripts. Results We identified three overarching themes: trust in individual CDSSs; usability of individual CDSSs; and usability of CDSSs in the broader practice context, to which nine subthemes contributed. Trust was affected by CDSS provenance, perceived threat to autonomy and clear management guidance. Usability was influenced by sensitivity to the patient context, CDSS flexibility, ease of control, and non-intrusiveness. CDSSs were more likely to be used by GPs if they did not contribute to alert proliferation and subsequent fatigue, or if GPs were provided with training in their use. Conclusions Building on these findings we make a number of recommendations for CDSS developers to consider when bringing a new CDSS into GP patient records systems. These include co-producing CDSS with GPs to improve fit within clinic workflow and wider practice systems, ensuring a high level of accuracy and a clear clinical pathway, and providing CDSS training for practice staff. These recommendations may reduce the proliferation of unhelpful alerts that can result in important decision-support being ignored.

scholarly journals Developing of a Simple Screening Tool for Opportunistic COPD Case Finding

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y M Mohamed ◽  
S H Sharkawy ◽  
D I Darwish
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Screening Questionnaire ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Simple Screening

Abstract Background Under diagnosis of COPD is serious problem in many countries world-wide because there are no generally detection tools available to detect high-risk patients for spirometry, and patients will not go for COPD check-up until a serious issue happens like exacerbation. Objective The aim of the work is trying to assess a new screening tool for early diagnosis of COPD. Patients and Methods The present study was conducted upon 500 subjects during the period from march 2018 to august 2018 who admitted to our chest department or visit our outpatient clinic, employees and visitors to Ain Sham hospitals.All subjects >40yrs who smoker or ex-smoker(≥10pack-years) applied a six variants(age,sex,packed years smoked during life ,dyspnea,chronic phlegmand chronic cohgh)questionnaire modified from PUMA questionnaire Subjects with score ≥5 did spirometry Results 500 subjects shared in the study 497 of them were males ( 99.4% )and 3 were females (.6%). 152of them(30.4%) had score <5 and 348 of them (69.6%)had score ≥5 who did spirometry.152 subjects did not perform spirometry. By spirometry we diagnosed 81(23.3) case COPD (fev1-fvc <.7) out of 348 subjects under gone spirometry and 16.2% of total subjects(500) . Conclusion Modified puma score is a simple and easy screening questionnaire for early detection of COPD cases and spirometry should be done to confirm the diagnosis or rule out.COPD is prevalent in many healthy apparent persons.

Evaluation Changes in Indicators of Oncological Service in Colorectal Cancer in East Kazakhstan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9-10 (219-220) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Yerkezhan Zhadykova ◽  
◽  
Sauirbay Sakhanov ◽  
Dulat Turebayev ◽  
Dariyana Kulmirzayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Keywords Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

About 3.15 million new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) are predicted and it is expected that about 1.62 million human will die from this pathology, according to the forecasts of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2040. To this aim, an analysis studying studying the indicators of the oncological service for CRC also makes it possible to evaluate the ongoing anti-cancer measures in East Kazakhstan region. Aim. Evaluate some indicators of the oncological service at CRC in East Kazakhstan region in 2009 to 2018. Materials and methods. The research material was data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual form No. 7 and 35 regarding CRC (ICD 10 – C18-21) for 2009-2018 in East Kazakhstan region – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018, 3,661 new cases of CRC were registered in East Kazakhstan region for the first time. The incidence of CRC was 25.30/0000 and in dynamics tended to increase from 21.90/0000 (2009) to 25.70/0000 in 2018, the difference was statistically significant (t=1.99 and p=0.047). The mortality rate from CRC tended to decrease from 15.50/0000 to 14.70/0000 (p=0.591), and the average annual mortality rate from CRC was 15.60/0000. The indicators of early diagnosis (the proportion of patients with stage I-II) improved from 58.8% (2009) to 62.3% in 2018, and, accordingly, the indicators of the proportion of neglected patients significantly decreased with stage III (from 25.5% to 20.8%), while with stage IV (from 15.7% to 16.9%) there is a slight increase. The indicators of morphological verification in CRC improved from 90.5% to 98.6% during the studied years. Conclusion. An improvement in the indicators of morphological verification and early diagnosis of CRC was found. The obtained results are recommended to be used for monitoring anti-cancer measures in the region. Keywords: colorectal cancer, incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification.

National Customs and Traditions in the Educational Process for Primary School Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Malik Gabdullin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
School Students ◽  
The People ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level

The main direction of the educational process is to develop the education system in accordance with the strategic directions of social and economic development of the republic, integrating it into the world educational space, preserving its national essence through the use of national customs and traditions, as well as cultural values, creating conditions for the formation of a personality in the national spirit, development of a high level of outlook and creative potential of the personality, cognitive competences. The implementation of these tasks requires a review of the content of the educational process in the country's schools from a new methodological standpoint, based on the use of elements of national customs and traditions. Such a new methodological system shows the need for radical changes in the traditional educational process, the development of a creative approach to teaching, and the updating of the content of education on a national basis.In the modern period of the development of society in the educational process of educational institutions the principle of education is implemented, taking into account the comprehensive development of students, such a system of education and upbringing provides an opportunity for the formation of cultural and ethnic identity, it is aimed at an in-depth study of the spiritual culture of the people and the ability to connect it with modern values. This system of education and training is based on the link between national customs and traditions (customs and traditions related to children's upbringing, household customs and traditions, social customs and traditions) and the educational process.

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