scholarly journals Negotiating Breast-Feeding: Pakistani Women, White Women and their Experiences in Hospital and at Home

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Bowes ◽  
Teresa Meehan Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
White Women ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
At Home

Breast-feeding is a socially constructed and socially controlled practice, and the social factors which influence it have been much debated. This paper argues that a model of breast-feeding as a socially negotiated project can develop fresh insights into how women breast-feed, through focusing on women's own points of view, and on the role of health professionals. Data from a research study of women from diverse ethnic and class backgrounds are discussed. It is argued that breast-feeding women in hospital are generally subordinate to professionals, but remain active in the negotiation of breast-feeding. At home, health visitor support is especially significant. Breast-feeding appears to be a lonely struggle, and the end of breast-feeding is felt to be stimulated by outside influences. Successful breast-feeding projects are most likely for white, middle class women who have effective stocks of knowledge, and can negotiate concerted action with health professionals. Women belonging to socially excluded groups have greater difficulty in the negotiation process, and their breast-feeding projects are less likely to be successful. Whilst influenced by patterns of constraint, breast-feeding projects also show marked individuality. In conclusion, it is argued that the conceptualisation of breast-feeding as a negotiated project promises to improve sociological understanding, but that further research is needed.

Nipple Confusion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
DOREN FREDRICKSON
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
White Women ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
The Impact

To the Editor.— I wish to comment on the study reported by Cronenwett et al,1 which was a fascinating prospective study among married white women who planned to breast-feed. Women were randomly selected to perform either exdusive breast-feeding or partial breast-feeding with bottled human milk supplements to determine the impact of infant temperament and limited bottle-feeding on breast-feeding duration. The authors admit that small sample size and lack of statistical power make a false-negative possible.

scholarly journals The evaluation of knowledge and activities of primary health care professionals in promoting breast-feeding

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedra Levinienė ◽  
Aušra Petrauskienė ◽  
Eglė Tamulevičienė ◽  
Jolanta Kudzytė ◽  
Liutauras Labanauskas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers ◽  
Health Care Centers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and activities of Kaunas primary health care center professionals in promoting breast-feeding. Material and methods. A total of 84 general practitioners and 52 nurses participated in the survey, which was carried out in Kaunas primary health care centers in 2006. Data were gathered from the anonymous questionnaire. Results. Less than half of general practitioners (45.1%) and 65% of nurses were convinced that baby must be exclusively breast-fed until the age of 6 months, but only 21.6% of general practitioners and 27.5% of nurses knew that breast-feeding with complementary feeding should be continued until the age of 2 years and longer. Still 15.7% of general practitioners and 25% of nurses recommended pacifiers; 7.8% of general practitioners advised to breast-feed according to hours. Half of the health professionals recommended additional drinks between meals; onethird of them – to give complementary food for the babies before the age of 6 months. One-third (29.6%) of the health professionals surveyed recommended mothers to feed their babies more frequently in case the amount of breast milk decreased. Conclusions. The survey showed that knowledge of medical personnel in primary health care centers about the advantages of breast-feeding, prophylaxis of hypogalactia, and duration of breast-feeding was still insufficient.

scholarly journals Breast-feeding in Spain

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (6a) ◽  
pp. 1347-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Lozano de la Torre ◽  
J Martín-Calama ◽  
MT Hernandez-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
To Come ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Significant Factors

AbstractHuman milk is the best way to nurture the human infant. By breast-feeding their babies, mothers provide them with the best opportunities to wholly develop their potential, while protecting the infants and themselves from a whole range of diseases in the near future and in the years to come.Even though these benefits are widely known and there is ample scientific evidence on the topic, it seems from published data that Spanish women are not breast-feeding their babies as much and for as long as they should. Less than 90% start breast-feeding, at 1 month there is already an attrition of 30%, at 3 months more than half of the infants are taking artificial milk and by 6 months only 10% continue to breast-feed their infants.Low birth weight, Caesarean section and low study level are among the more significant factors that negatively affect breast-feeding.There is still work to do to improve this situation. Promotion of breast-feeding among the general population, mothers and health professionals is needed.

scholarly journals Peran Karakteristik Responden dan Dukungan Tenaga Kesehatan dalam Identifikasi Faktor yang Terkait dengan Kegagalan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Nur Hamidah ◽  
Kuntoro Kuntoro
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Education And Employment

This study aims to identify the characteristics, factors support the role of health professionals and history place of birth of the respondents in the village Ngabab Pujon Malang. Type in this research was descriptive analytic study design. Samples from this study amounted to 72 respondents who have children aged 6–24 months was taken by simple random sampling, with a population of 144 respondents. Variables examined included the respondent characteristics such as age, education, and employment. While variable support role of health workers was a boosted in the form of exclusive breast-feed to the respondent when babies aged 0–6 months. For history variables place of birth that is the location where the respondent gave birth to her baby. The entire variable was measured using the enclosed questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of this study is mostly mothers who are not exclusively breast-feeding are age 17–25 years which amounted to 35 (48.6%). The last education taken by the respondent is junior that is numbered 35 (48.6%). The majority of respondents worked, as many as 19 people (26.4%) worked as a farmer. Analysis of factors which support 51 health workers (70.8%) stated that health professionals do not support exclusive breast-feeding. For a history of childbed 36 people (50%) maternity midwife. The conclusion of this research is that the majority of respondents aged 19-25 years, working as a farmer, the last junior high school education does not provide exclusive breast-feeding, health professionals do not support exclusive breast-feeding. Health workers are expected to provide education and action to support exclusive breastfeeding.

A consideration of Some retrospective data on breast-feeding in Great Britain

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-400
Author(s):  
C. M. Langford
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Breast Fed

SummarySome retrospective data collected in a survey carried out in 1967–68 show that the practice of breast-feeding declined markedly in Great Britain between the 1930s and the 1960s. Throughout, women higher up the social-educational scale breast-fed more than those lower down. Women marrying before the age of 20 (as well as those marrying at age 30 or older) tended to breast-feed less than those marrying in their twenties; for the former, the explanation was probably ‘social’. Needing, or choosing, to return to work soon after confinement was not, in general, an important inhibiting factor so far as breast-feeding was concerned. From the 1967–68 data, there seemed to be a negative association between the level of breast-feeding and birth order, but this may not have been ‘genuine’ since other data did not agree. There was a positive association between level of breast-feeding and family size, for family sizes up to four, but a drop for those with five or more children. This latter feature could be the result of a tendency for those with large families to arrive at this situation by way of short interbirth intervals, this in turn being associated with low levels of breast-feeding; the former might possibly reflect a positive link between women' capacity to breast-feed and their capacity to bear children.

Breast-Feeding Intentions and Practice Among Hispanic Mothers in Southern California

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-632
Author(s):  
Eunice Romero-Gwynn ◽  
Lucia Carias
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Southern California ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Hispanic Mothers ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
At Home

Breast-feeding intentions, breast-feeding in the hospital, and breast-feeding at home were studied among 132 Hispanic mothers participating in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program in southern California. There was not a large difference between total breast-feeding intention (77.7%) and total breast-feeding practice (63.8%). However, the 67.7% intention of exclusive breast-feeding drastically decreased to 19.7% and 17.2% in the hospital and at home, respectively. Formula supplementation increased by 4.5 times from intention to practice. Exclusive formula feeding increased from 10.0% to approximately 37.0% in the hospital and at home. Stepwise logistic regression identified that the likelihood of intending breast-feeding was greater for mothers who migrated from Mexico than for mothers born in the United States (odds ratio 4.75). The likelihood of breast-feeding practice was greater for mothers who initiated breast-feeding within the first 10 hours after birth as opposed to 11 or more hours (odds ratio 1.27), for mothers who had a vaginal rather than cesarean delivery (odds ratio 12.76), for mothers who did not return to work postpartum as opposed to working mothers (odds ratio 28.26), and for mothers who migrated from Mexico compared with mothers born in the United States (odds ratio 8.54). The importance of assessing and supporting mothers' breast-feeding intentions in the pre- and postpartum period is documented. Training in the clinical aspects of breast-feeding and improvement of hospital protocols is recommended. Mothers intending to breast- feed should be identified and supported.

scholarly journals Discourse of psychoactive substance dependents on their discursively constructed image

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Regina Zerbetto ◽  
Ana Carolina Acorinte ◽  
Tatiana Ferraz de Araújo Alecrim ◽  
Simone Teresinha Protti-Zanatta ◽  
Angélica Martins de Souza Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Chemically Dependent ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychosocial Model ◽  
Moral Model ◽  
Drug Dependent ◽  
Socially Excluded

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the discourse of psychoactive substance users undergoing treatment regarding their image of themselves as drug dependent subjects, of other dependents and the social position assumed by them. Method: qualitative study conducted between March and September of 2016 through a semi-structured interview and drawings, based on the theoretical-methodological reference of French Discourse Analysis. Participation of 12 drug dependent subjects undergoing treatment in the service that substitutes the asylum. Results: The images that psychoactive substance dependents have of themselves and of chemically dependent subjects are associated with the image of a negative, diabolical, transgressive, sick and socially excluded individual. Final considerations: The ideological effects of meanings produced by users’ discourses reproduce the biological and moral model. Health professionals, including nurses, need to invest in discourses that address the psychosocial model to demythologize this stigmatizing image and modify their work practice.

scholarly journals Professional attitudes to breast-feeding

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (S4) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Ursula Liebrich
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Professional Attitudes ◽  
Breast Feed

We have heard a lot about the promotion of sales of baby food, but we have never analysed the population's readiness to accept such foods, and how that acceptance comes about. Nor have we analysed the role of the doctors or the health professionals. What is it or what should it be ?About a year ago we carried out a study in London on the intention to breast-feed and the success of mothers in breast-feeding (Liebrich & Morley, 1976), at the same time analysing the attitudes of the staff attending these mothers, who should have helped the latter in their breast-feeding. Table 1 shows a trend in the answers given by women who intend to breast-feed disagreeing with such statements as ‘Nowadays it is no longer necessary to put up with the mess of breast-feeding when easily prepared milks are available’ and agreement (among the same group of mothers) with such statements as: ‘Breast milk is the best food for a baby under four months’.

scholarly journals Do early infant feeding practices vary by maternal ethnic group?

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 957-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy J Griffiths ◽  
A Rosemary Tate ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
White Women ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
White Mothers

AbstractObjectiveTo examine UK country and ethnic variations in infant feeding practices.DesignCohort study.SettingInfants enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study, born between September 2000 and January 2002.SubjectsA total of 18 150 natural mothers (11 286 (8207 white) living in England) of singleton infants.Outcome measuresBreast-feeding initiation, breast-feeding discontinuation and introduction of solid foods before 4 months.Explanatory variablesMaternal ethnic group, education and social class.ResultsSeventy per cent of UK mothers started to breast-feed, of whom 62% stopped before 4 months. Median age at discontinuing breast-feeding was 14, 13, 10 and 6 weeks in Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland, respectively. Thirty-six per cent of UK mothers (34% in England) introduced solids before 4 months. White mothers were more likely to discontinue breast-feeding (62%) and introduce solids early (37%) than most other ethnic minority groups; those stopping before 4 months were more likely to introduce solids early compared with those continuing to breast-feed beyond this age (adjusted rate ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.3 (1.1–1.2)). Educated mothers were less likely to stop breast-feeding before 4 months (white mothers, 0.8 (0.8–0.9); non-white mothers, 0.9 (0.8–1.0)) than those with no/minimal qualifications but, among ethnic minorities, were more likely to introduce solids early (1.3 (1.0–1.6)). Socio-economic status was positively associated with breast-feeding continuation among white women, and with age at introduction of solids among non-white women.ConclusionsWe have identified important geographic, ethnic and social inequalities in breast-feeding continuation and introduction of solids within the UK, many of which have not been reported previously. The factors mediating these associations are complex and merit further study to ensure that interventions proposed to promote maternal adherence to current infant feeding recommendations are appropriate and effective.

Breast-Feeding and Jaundice

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-306
Author(s):  
PAUL M. FLEISS ◽  
DERRICK B. JELLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
At Home

To the Editor.— Recently Maisels and Gifford1 stated that 123 mothers who breast-fed their infants on demand while in the hospital with encouragement from nursing staff nursed on the average only six to eight times in 24 hours. Experience with unmedicated mothers at home revealed that newly born infants will breast-feed on demand ten to 12 times per day. These babies were not jaundiced. Similarly, in an earlier study in 1982, De Carvalho et al2 found significantly lower bilirubin levels in infants nursed more than eight times in 24 hours.

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