Associations of self-esteem with different aspects of religiosity and spirituality

Objectives. Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) are associated with many dimensions of human life and could contribute to one’s self-esteem; however, there is no certainty that this is also applicable to non-religious countries. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the association of different aspects of R/S with self-esteem in a secular environment. Participants and setting. An online sample of 464 Czech respondents aged 15 and over (mean age 30.7; SD=12.63; 27.2% men) participated in the survey. Self-esteem, religiosity, religious attendance, frequency of prayer, negative religious coping, image of God and spirituality were measured. Results. Regular prayer, spirituality (per standard deviation, SD), a low level of religious struggles (per SD) and a positive God image (per SD) were associated with higher self-esteem, with odds ratios ranging from 1.28 to 2.16 (p˂0.05 to p˂0.001). In contrast, compared to non-religious respondents, religious respondents had an approximately 60% lower chance of having a high level of self-esteem (p˂0.05). However, a combination of R and S showed that while religious/spiritual respondents did not differ significantly from non-religious respondents, religious/non-spiritual respondents had approximately 79% lower chance of having good self-esteem (p˂0.001). Study limitations. The main limitation of this study is that it did not reach a representative sample, which limits the generalizability of the findings to the whole population. This is also the first study using this kind of research approach, which, however, limits the interpretation of results. Moreover, it is a cross-sectional study, so any conclusions on causality cannot be made, and the questionnaire used only self-report measures, which could be influenced by a social desirability bias.

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Tokophobia and Anxiety in Pregnant Women during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Poland—A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020714 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 714

Author(s):

Marta Makara-Studzińska ◽

Kornelia Zaręba ◽

Natalia Kawa ◽

Dorota Matuszyk

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Human Life ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Third ◽

Main Determinants ◽

High Level ◽

Anxiety Questionnaire

SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus emerged in the world at the end of 2019. The introduction of a number of restrictions had a significant effect on numerous aspects of human life with particular influence being exerted on pregnant women and their sense of security. The study aimed to assess the level of anxiety and its main determinants in women in the third trimester of pregnancy during the coronavirus pandemic. The study technique included the present purposely designed questionnaire, Labor Anxiety Questionnaire (KLPII), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The study was conducted in a group of 315 women in the third trimester of pregnancy. A total of 258 women (81.9%) completed the questionnaire in May 2020, and 57 of them (18.1%) completed it in October 2020. The overall analysis of the Labor Anxiety Questionnaire and the STAI inventory revealed a high level of anxiety, particularly situational anxiety, in pregnant women during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The age and financial status of the women were the factors which contributed to the intensification of tokophobia. Women interviewed in October 2020 were characterized by higher tokophobia levels compared to the respondents included in May 2020. It seems justified to in-crease the vigilance in the diagnostics of possible mental disorders in the perinatal period during pandemic.

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Measurement of psycho-emotional constructs and self-management in health of patients with Rheumatics diseases

Journal of Nursing Education and Practice ◽

10.5430/jnep.v8n11p1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ana Dalla Santana Lima ◽

Clesnan Mendes-Rodrigues ◽

Laysa Oliveira Santos Dias ◽

Eliana Borges da Silva Pereira ◽

Omar Pereira de Almeida-Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Family Income ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Time ◽

Self Management ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Formal Study ◽

High Level

Objective: This study aimed to measure the scores of psychoemotional and self-management constructs in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD), to compare these scores according to the RD type and to verify the influence of these measures on self-management in health.Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in an ambulatory of a public hospital of Brazil. Adult patients, with diagnosis of RD, responded to self-esteem, anxiety and depression, health and activation scales. Spearman’s correlation tests, independence tests, mean or median tests, multiple linear regressions evaluated the variables of interest at a significance level of .05.Results: Eighty-six patients (mean age = 45.23, SD = 14.30) were evaluated. High activation (mean = 65.83, SD = 14.20) and self-esteem scores (mean = 30.67, SD = 5.65) were observed, while moderate anxiety scores (mean = 8.21, SD = 4.37) and low scores for depression (mean = 6.37, SD = 3.98). Significant correlations were observed, from low to moderate magnitude, among other measures with activation (p < .05). There were weak correlations between activation and formal study time, self-esteem with age and family income, depression and number of comorbidities diagnosed or self-reported (p < .05). The RD type no affects any of the constructs evaluated.Conclusions: It was concluded that patients with rheumatic diseases presented high self-esteem, moderate anxiety levels and low levels of depression and a high level of activation. Lower number of diagnosed comorbities, higher formal study time was related to better self-management in health.

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Spirituality, religiosity and the mental health consequences of social isolation during Covid-19 pandemic

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0020764020970996 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002076402097099 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giancarlo Lucchetti ◽

Leonardo Garcia Góes ◽

Stefani Garbulio Amaral ◽

Gabriela Terzian Ganadjian ◽

Isabelle Andrade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Spiritual Growth ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Religious Attendance ◽

Health Consequences ◽

Religious Activities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Religiosity And Spirituality

Background: Evidence shows that religiosity and spirituality (R/S) are highly used in critical moments of life and that these beliefs are associated with clinical outcomes. However, further studies are needed to assess these beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: To evaluate the use of R/S during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and to investigate the association between R/S and the mental health consequences of social isolation. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in May 2020. Online surveys were carried out assessing sociodemographics, R/S measures, and social isolation characteristics and mental health consequences (hopefulness, fear, worrying and sadness). Adjusted regression models were used. Results: A total of 485 participants were included from all regions of Brazil. There was a high use of religious and spiritual beliefs during the pandemic and this use was associated with better mental health outcomes. Lower levels of worrying were associated with greater private religious activities (OR = 0.466, CI 95%: 0.307–0.706), religious attendance (OR = 0.587, CI 95%: 0.395–0.871), spiritual growth (OR = 0.667, CI 95%: 0.448–0.993) and with an increase in religious activities (OR = 0.660, CI 95%: 0.442–0.986); lower levels of fear were associated with greater private religious activities (OR = 0.632, CI 95%: 0.422–0.949) and spiritual growth (OR = 0.588, CI 95%: 0.392–0.882) and, lower levels of sadness (OR = 0.646, CI 95%: 0.418–0.997) were associated with spiritual growth. Finally, hope was associated with all R/S variables in different degrees (ranging from OR = 1.706 to 3.615). Conclusions: R/S seem to have an important role on the relief of suffering, having an influence on health outcomes and minimizing the consequences of social isolation. These results highlight the importance of public health measures that ensure the continuity of R/S activities during the pandemic and the training of healthcare professionals to address these issues.

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Stress and self-esteem among nursing students at private medical college, Chitwan

Journal of Chitwan Medical College ◽

10.3126/jcmc.v9i1.23784 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Swostika Shrestha ◽

Srijana Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

High Stress ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Year Students ◽

Peer Stress ◽

Medical College ◽

High Level

Background: Stress and self-esteem are common issues that everyone has to cope with at some time in their lives and they could also affect other things going on in a person’s’ life. The objective of the study is to identify the stress and self-esteem among nursing students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among B.Sc. Nursing students, Chitwan Medical College. The data was collected by using structured questionnaire within 2 weeks. Obtained data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 16.0. Descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, percentage and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square and correlation) were used for data analysis. Results: Out of 116 respondents, 23.3%, 25.9%, 25.9% and 25.0% were from first, second, third and fourth year respectively. More than half i.e. 50.9% of the respondents had high stress. Respondents had faced higher (68.1%) in teacher related stress followed by peer stress 67.2% and self-inflict 66.0%. About 61.2% of the respondents had low self-esteem. There was higher stress in first year students then other. The fact is that as the academic year increases, students become more familiar to the learning environment and able to cope better. There was statistical significant association between stress among nursing students and habit of problem sharing (p=0.04). Conclusions: It is concluded that respondents have high level of stress and low level of self-esteem. Therefore, intervention for increasing self-esteem and decreasing stress should be conducted by the college administration.

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Media Exposure Related to the PTSS During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Risk Perception

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.654548 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yiqing Wang ◽

Ling Jiang ◽

Shuang Ma ◽

Qinian Chen ◽

Chengbin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Media Exposure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

High Level ◽

The Relationship

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess the relationship between media exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and to highlight the underlying mechanisms mediated by risk perception.Methods: This survey was conducted online in China from February 1st to February 10th, 2020. A total of 2,858 Chinese citizens aged ≥18 years from 31 provinces and autonomous regions were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess media exposure, PTSS, and risk perception.Results: The prevalence of respondents with heightened PTSS scores was 22.2%. After controlling for covariates, media exposure (more than five times a day) was significantly and positively associated with a high level of PTSS (B = 4.11, p < 0.001), and risk perception (worry and severity) significantly mediated the relationship between media exposure and PTSS (all 95% CIs did not include 0).Conclusions: Based on these findings, the frequency of media exposure was associated with PTSS. Risk perception (worry and severity) mediated the relationship between media exposure and PTSS. The mental health, particularly PTSS, of the general population should be closely monitored and “infodemics” should be combatted while addressing the COVID-19 outbreak; cognitive interventions may be promising.

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Communicative factors associated with assertiveness in slovenian nursing staff in clinical practice

Informatologia ◽

10.32914/i.51.3-4.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (3-4) ◽

pp. 149-158

Author(s):

Silva Roncelli Vaupot ◽

Danica Železnik

Keyword(s):

Nursing Staff ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nursing Assistants ◽

Professional Communication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Staff Members ◽

Experience Education ◽

Working Performance ◽

High Level

The objective of this research was to investigate the assertiveness of nursing staff members in their everyday practice. The secondary goal was to investigate whether assertiveness is related to sex, age, years of working experience, education and self-esteem. Nursing staff members are expected to have a high level of assertiveness to establish optimal professional communication and working performance. A cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling were applied. Altogether, 303 nursing staff members (88.8% female and 11.2% male; aged between 21 and 58 years) from the northeastern part of Slovenia were enrolled in the study. The participants were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire, which consisted of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The sample included 44.6% registered nurses and 55.4% nursing assistants with mean = 15.9 (SD 10.1) years of working experience. In general, the level of assertiveness by Rathus scale was low at mean = +4.0 (SD 17.2) points.

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Religious Attendance in a Secular Country Protects Adolescents from Health-Risk Behavior Only in Combination with Participation in Church Activities

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249372 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9372

Author(s):

Marie Buchtova ◽

Klara Malinakova ◽

Alice Kosarkova ◽

Vit Husek ◽

Jitse P. van Dijk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Risk Behavior ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Religious Attendance ◽

Health Risk Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Sexual Intercourse ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Religiosity And Spirituality

Religiosity and spirituality have been considered to be protective factors of adolescent health-risk behavior (HRB). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adolescents’ HRB and their religiosity, taking into account their parents’ faith and their own participation in church activities. A nationally representative sample (n = 13377, 13.5 ± 1.7 years, 49.1% boys) of Czech adolescents participated in the 2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children cross-sectional study. We measured religious attendance (RA), faith importance (FI) (both of respondents and their parents), participation in church activities and adolescent HRB (tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use and early sexual intercourse). We found that neither RA nor FI of participants or their parents had a significant effect on adolescents’ HRB. Compared to attending respondents who participate in church activities (AP), non-attending respondents who participate in church activities were more likely to report smoking and early sexual intercourse, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 3.14 (1.54–6.39) to 3.82 (1.99–7.35). Compared to AP, non-attending respondents who did not participate in church activities were more likely to report early sexual intercourse, with OR = 1.90 (1.14–3.17). Thus, our findings show that RA does not protect adolescents from HRB; they suggest that RA protects adolescents from HRB only in combination with participation in church activities.

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Phubbing and temperaments among young Lebanese adults: the mediating effect of self-esteem and emotional intelligence

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-021-00594-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zeinab Bitar ◽

Souheil Hallit ◽

Wael Khansa ◽

Sahar Obeid

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Internet Users ◽

High Dependency ◽

Raising Awareness ◽

South Lebanon

Abstract Background The rapid increasing rate of mobile and internet users in Lebanon, predisposes us to a high dependency on smartphones, leading to more phubbing. Phubbing has been found associated with many psychological factors. Thus, the main objectives of this study was (1) to evaluate the association between phubbing and temperaments, and (2) assess the mediating effect of self-esteem and emotional intelligence in the association between phubbing and temperaments among a sample of Lebanese adults. Methods A cross-sectional study, carried out between August and September 2020, enrolled 461 participants aged between 18 and 29 years old. Participants were recruited from all districts/governorates of Lebanon (Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North Lebanon, South Lebanon, and Bekaa) using the snowball technique. The Generic Scale of Phubbing, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test and TEMPS-M were used to assess phubbing, self-esteem, emotional intelligence and temperaments respectively. Results Our results showed that higher depressive temperament (B = 1.21) was significantly associated with more phubbing, whereas higher self-esteem (B = − 0.32) was significantly associated with less phubbing. Regarding the mediating effect, self-esteem partially mediated the association between depressive temperament and phubbing (21.02%), whereas emotional intelligence had no mediating effect on the association between temperaments and phubbing. Conclusion A strong correlation between phubbing and temperaments has been found in our study with a partial mediating effect of self-esteem in this association. Our findings might be a first step for raising awareness to develop the etiquette of using smartphones by providing media education to families, and good media usage habits.

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Religious affiliation and suicidality among college students in China: A cross-sectional study across six provinces

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0251698 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0251698

Author(s):

Bob Lew ◽

Kairi Kõlves ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

Wang Zhizhong ◽

Harold G. Koenig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

College Students ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

Christian College ◽

Religious Discrimination ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background Several past studies indicated that religious beliefs, orientation, and practice are protective of suicide. Findings from recent studies in China suggest that religiosity may contribute to increased suicidality. However, few studies have examined the associations between religious affiliation across different faiths and suicidality in China. Objective The current study examines the association between religious affiliation and suicidality among college students in six provinces in China. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 11,407 college students from six universities in Ningxia, Shandong, Shanghai, Jilin, Qinghai, and Shaanxi. We collected the data between October 2017 and March 2018 using self-report questionnaires. They included self-report measures of depression, psychache, hopelessness, self-esteem, social support, and life purpose. Results Participants with a Christian affiliation had 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.14, 1.99, p = 0.004) higher odds of indicating an elevated suicide risk, 3.1 times (95% CI: 1.90, 5.04, p<0.001) higher odds of indicating a previous suicide attempt, and increased overall suicidality (B = 0.105, p < 0.001) after accounting for demographic and risk/protective factors. Christians also scored the highest in depression, psychache, hopelessness, and the lowest social support, self-esteem, and purpose in life. Muslims reported decreased suicidality (B = -0.034, p = 0.031). Buddhism/Daoism yielded non-significant results in the multivariate analyses. Conclusions Christian college students reported increased suicidality levels, perhaps due to public policies on religion. The decreased suicidality levels among Muslims may be attributed to higher perceived social support. The associations between religious affiliation and suicidality, depression, and hopelessness contrast sharply with US samples. This finding may be influenced by interactions between the religious denomination, individual, and social/political factors. This conclusion includes the possibility of anti-religious discrimination, which this paper did not investigate as a possible mediator and therefore remains a conjecture worthy of future investigation.

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Level of Self Esteem Among Medical Students in International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan (IIUM) and Its Association With Religiosity

Ulum Islamiyyah ◽

10.33102/uij.vol33no2.309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 17-35

Author(s):

Azwanis Abdul Hadi ◽

Amirah Amiruddin ◽

Nurul Fitri Mustapa ◽

Muhammadi ‘Adil Zainal Abidin

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

Medicine is one of the most difficult academic course that faces many psychological challenges. A high level of self-esteem is needed to cope with such challenges, and religiosity is seen as one of the approaches to increase one’s self esteem especially among Muslim medical students. This study aims to measure the level of self esteem among medical students and its association with religiosity. This online cross-sectional study was conducted among 178 International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan medical students using validated 10-items IIUM Religiosity Scale (IIUMReIS), and 10-items Rosenberg Self esteem Scale (RSES). Descriptive statistics was used to measure the level of self esteem while chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman’s correlation, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the association between self esteem with the predictors. More than half of the students (58.5%) have a high level of self esteem. They scored an average of 35 (IQR = 6) in terms of religiosity. Those with higher religiosity were predicted to have significantly high self esteem (r = 0.345). Other significant factor includes, frequency of voluntary prayer where daily practice has 0.3 lower odds of having low self esteem. (95% CI = 0.11, 0.85, p = 0.05) Majority of the students have a high level of self esteem. Implications suggest the role of religiosity and the impact of voluntary prayer. Early and consistent strengthening of self esteem via motivational, spiritual and religious programs may be advisable.

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