scholarly journals Anatomical Understanding of Vitapa Marma by Means of Cadaveric Dissection

The Healer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Jeevan Kumar Giri ◽  
Anju Thomas ◽  
Pratikshya Majagaiyan ◽  
Uma. B. Gopal ◽  
Hari Saran Aryal
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Inguinal Region ◽  
Anatomical Entity ◽  
Cadaveric Dissection ◽  
Textual Description ◽  
Structural Entity

Background of study: Marma are those spots on the body which are painful on application of pressure and shows abnormal pulsation. Marma are conglomeration of Mamsa, Sira, Snayu, Asthi and Sandhi. [1] There are 107 Marma.[2] Individual Marma are catagorized on different groups on the basis of various aspects such as Rachananusara, Parinamanusara, Sthananusara, Pramananusara etc. Vitapa Marma is the Adhoshakagata, Vaikalyakara Marma[3,4] of 1 Anguli Pramana.[5,6] The explanation of the Vitapa Marma in the classical texts cannot specify the particular anatomical entity so the study is undertaken to fulfill the deficit knowledge. Objectives: To evaluate the Snayu & Sira component of Vitapa Marma. To evaluate structural entity of Vitapa Marma in relation to given Pramana and Viddha Lakshana. Materials and methods: Cadaveric Study. Observation of the structures exposed during cadaveric dissection and correlation with textual description were done and the conclusion was drawn. Results: Vitapa Marma lies on the inguinal region at the superficial inguinal ring. The anatomical components of this Marma are the structures related to and passing through superficial inguinal ring.  

scholarly journals Axial Pattern Flap from the Caudal Superficial Epigastric Artery for the Correction of Surgical Defects Created by the Resection of Tumors or Traumas in Cats and Dogs: 16 Cases (2012-2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Jorge L. C. Castro ◽  
Rafael R. Huppes ◽  
Arícia G. Sprada ◽  
Josiane M. Pazzini ◽  
Andrigo B. De Nardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Wound ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inguinal Region ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Caudal Part ◽  
Skin Defects ◽  
Epigastric Artery ◽  
Reconstructive Techniques ◽  
Large Skin

The reconstruction of large skin defects originated from the excision of large tumors or trauma may require the use of reconstructive techniques given the possibility of there not being enough skin to cover the skin wound in some situations. Axial pattern flaps from the caudal superficial epigastric artery are skin flaps supplied by a large artery and, therefore, have a larger chance of survival. They are the most versatile flaps for closing defects in the caudal part of the body and may be employed to close defects on the lateral abdomen, sacrum, dorsal pelvis, base of the tail, perineum, penile sheath, inguinal region, proximal pelvic member, knee, shin and metatarsal region in cats. This study aimed at reporting 16 cases of repairs of defects originated from tumoral resection and trauma employing axial pattern flaps from the caudal superficial epigastric artery in dogs and cats.

scholarly journals Embolic Stroke Caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis Endocarditis Complicating Vasectomy in a 36-Year-Old Man

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manova David ◽  
Megan Loftsgaarden ◽  
Felix Chukwudelunzu
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Body ◽  
Embolic Stroke ◽  
Inguinal Region ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Native Valve Endocarditis

Staphylococcus lugdunensis is part of the native flora in the inguinal region of the body. Inguinal surgeries, such as vasectomy, place carriers of this aggressive pathogen at risk for contamination. Native-valve endocarditis caused by coagulase-negative S. lugdunensis has a rapid and complicated clinical course. The pathogenicity of this organism is not limited to cardiac valvular destruction. We report the case of a 36-year-old man who presented with S. lugdunensis endocarditis, dysarthria, and hemiparesis 5 weeks after a vasectomy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of embolic stroke caused by S. lugdunensis endocarditis. In addition, we discuss the relevant medical literature.

scholarly journals The Meanings and Prospects of Primo Vascular System from the Viewpoint of Historical Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongwook Jeon ◽  
Sanghun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
System Research ◽  
Anatomical Entity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Integration ◽  
Conventional Study

The aim of this overview is to evaluate the primo vascular system research in the context of the history of meridian theory and the modern meanings of it. The 12 meridian systems were naturally presupposed in the conventional study of the meridians and acupuncture. But the excavations of Mawang-tui old documents and Sichuan Mianyang wooden puppet revealed the primordial concepts of meridians uncolored by the numerological cosmology of Han era. Further, the meridian map of horse, cow and hawk show another resemblance to the primordial type of meridians. Modern meridian theory has been challenged by the material based scientific theory and the primo vascular theory presents the most radical answer for it. It aims to reveal the anatomical entity of meridians. However, the study of primo vascular system is unexpectedly opening the new horizon of scientific integration of East and West beyond the mere searching for anatomical entity of meridians. Conclusions we have drawn from the historical reviews are, (1) the surface structure of the body reflects the physiopathological changes of inside the body, (2) by stimulating specific sites on the surface, it is possible to acquire therapeutic effects of certain symptoms, and (3) numbers and locations of meridian acupoints are variable among traditional meridian theories.

scholarly journals CADAVERIC STUDY OF KATIKTARUN MARMA WITH DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ITS LOCATION AND AGHAT LAKSHANS

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Khan Shazia Islamuddin ◽  
Deepak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gluteal Region ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Anatomical Entity ◽  
Exact Location ◽  
Delayed Death ◽  
Causative Structure ◽  
Superior Margin ◽  
Rule Out

Marma Science is one of the most distinctive concepts of Ayurveda. There are 107 marma sites in the body, and they are the conglomeration of muscles, veins, ligaments, bones, and joints. This peculiarity makes Marmamarma a somewhat vulnerable point, and any injury can lead to disability, dysfunction and demise. The cause of the damage can either be traumatic or iatrogenic; therefore, it becomes a necessity to rule out the exact location of the marma and anatomical structure responsible for the traumatic effects. Katiktarun being a Prishthagata marma, is prone to get injured during significant surgeries of the gluteal region and spine. Its injury can lead to delayed death. The aim of this study revolves around the anatomical entity responsible for delayed death caused by katiktarun injury. By identifying the location and structure involved in the marma, it might be possible to repair the structure and deferment the delayed end. Based on Ayurvedic literature and cadaveric observations, the superior margin of the sciatic notch (suprapiriform foraman) is considered as the position of Katiktarun Marma, whereas the neurovasculature associated with suprapiriform foramen is the causative structure of marma trauma symptoms.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF ADHOSHAKHAGAT KSHIPRA MARMA AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Snehal Vishwas Maske
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Close Association ◽  
The Body ◽  
Great Toe ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Traumatic Effect ◽  
Structural Entity ◽  
Second Toe

There are 107 vital points spread over the body called as MARMA. All the marmas are seat of prana. Owing to this close association of chetana, injury to marma will produce severe sufferings. KSHIPRA marma is one of the Shakhagat marma situated on both upper and lower extremities and are four in number. It is situated between the great toe and the second toe of the foot with a dimension of half Angula. Based on predominant structural entity it is a Snayu marma. While classifying on the basis of traumatic effect it is a Kalantara pranhara marma. Trauma to this marma causes death due to convulsions. Understanding marma is very important in clinical practice of Ayurveda. Even the prognosis of disease depends upon the extent of involvement of marma points. This review will give a complete summary of KSHIPRA marma regarding its location, structural entity and clinical application.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF APASTAMBHA MARMA AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Daiarisa Rymbai ◽  
Anju Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Marked Area ◽  
Structural Entity ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Bronchial Vessels

The word Marma denotes the vital spots of the body. Marma Shareera is widely discussed in Ayurveda. The structural entity of these spots is not clearly explained in the classical texts so we cannot rule out the exact structural components involved. Apastambha Marma is one among 107 Marma explained in Classical textbooks. According to Sushruta, it is classified under Sira variety and it is an Urogata Kalantara Pranahara Marma. But Vagbhata has mentioned it as a type of Dhamani Marma on the basis of its structural entity. It measures about 1/2 Angula Pramana. Acharya Sushruta mentions its location as Uras, bilaterally where two Vatavaha Sira (tubular structures carrying air) are seen. Vagbhata says that it is situated in the Uras on both sides of the Parshwa. The Viddha Lakshana of this Marma as per Sushruta is Vatapoornakoshtataya, Kasa, Shwasa and Marana. However, there is a difference of opinion with Vagbhata; he has explained Raktena Poornakoshta instead of Vatapoornakoshtataya. Result: The marked area for the Apastambha Marma is at the level of 3rd costal cartilage on both the sides of the chest just lateral to the midline. As the measurement in Angula (1 cm) is not apparent so it is taken as the lengthwise, breadth wise and depth-wise. Conclusion: The area of about 2 cm lateral to carina which is the common site of injury in the bronchus can be taken as the site of Apastambha Marma as rupture of the bronchus leads to pneumothorax and the individual will show symptoms of breathing difficulty such as Kasa, Shwasa and in severe cases it may lead to the death. This explanation holds true for the Viddha Lakshana mentioned by Sushruta. Taking Shonitapoornakoshta this into consideration, pulmonary and bronchial vessels can be taken as the structures involved in Apastambha Marma which also holds good for the explanation of structural composition as per Vagbhata also i.e., it is a Dhamani Marma. Thus, we can conclude that the two Principal Bronchus along with the pulmonary vessels and bronchial vessels should be considered as the site of Apastambha Marma.

PHANA MARMA - A CADAVERIC STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasis Kundu
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Vital Force ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Future

Marmas are the vital points in the body. The word Marma derived from the Sanskrit root “mru” and applies to a part or a spot of vital importance in the body, which if injured results in serious consequences. It also denotes the vital force of life. About 107 Marmas have been explained in Ayurveda, according to Acharya Sushruta Jathruurdva Marmas are considered as major places of Prana and Phanamarma is one of them belonging to Vaikalya-Karamarma, located on either side of nostrils. The term Phana means expanded side of the nose or expanded hood of the serpent. When we compare the site of Phana Marma there is an difference of opinion between Acharya Sushruta and Vagbhata (Astanga Sangraha) but both explained the similar Viddhalaxana, hence to clarify the doubt regarding its location the study is undertaken. As no such study regarding Phanamarma has been taken up by previous scholars, this subject has attracted me to conduct cadaveric study to ascertain its anatomical limitations, which will be definitely helpful for the future scholars, as lot of dark areas are highlighted concerned to this Marma.

A DETAILED CADAVERIC STUDY ON GUDA MARMA WITH RESPECT TO ITS SURGICAL ANATOMY THROUGH DISSECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Deepak Singh ◽  
Shazia Islamuddin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Applied Aspect ◽  
Ancient Science

Ayurveda is an ancient science which deals with theoretical and practical knowledge with help of cadaver, structural and functional activity. In various Ayurvedic textbooks mention Marma (vital points of the body) which is a vital part of the body. Ayurveda is an ancient science which deals with theoretical and practical knowledge with help of cadaver, structural and functional activity. The detailed knowledge of Marma (vital points of the body) is important from the surgical point of view surgical procedures like Agnikarma (thermal cauterization), Ksharakarma (therapeutic application of caustic material), Raktamokshana (bloodletting), etc. are used as a part of the surgery. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the concept of Guda Marma in the light of current knowledge and studied the applied aspect of Guda Marma. Cadaveric study was done in 5 human cadavers to visualize all the structures (muscles, artery, vein, nerve, etc.) of Guda (Anus) Pradesh (Anorectal region) in terms of Ayurvedic sciences and Modern Medical Sciences. The exact location, reginal anatomy as well as applied aspect of Guda Marma in terms of surgery were analyzed and correlated with modern sciences. Guda (Anus) is the seat of Prana (the breath of life) and it has regarded as one of the ten Prana (the breath of life) yatan. Guda Marma is one among the Mamsa Marma (vital points of the body) and categorized under Sadhya Prana (the breath of life) hara Marma (vital points of the body). The importance of this region can be assessed by the fact that two of the diseases of Guda (Anus) (Arsha and Bhagandara) have been considered as Mahagada. Guda Marma is the vital organ or site of the human body having a rich blood supply which correct knowledge and applied aspects concerning anorectal injuries and disorders is essential.

scholarly journals URDHVA SHAKHAGATA SNAYU MARMA AND ITS CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: A REVIEW ARTICLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2151-2154
Author(s):  
Ishan Malhotra ◽  
Sakshi 2 ◽  
Subhash Upadhyay ◽  
Jannu Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cadaveric Dissection ◽  
Important Structure

In Ayurveda classics, Marma is illustrated as the vital point in the human body and its knowledge plays an im- portant role in Sharir Rachana. Marma was first documented by Acharya Charak but the detailed description of Marma Sharir is available in Sushruta Samhita. Acharya Sushruta stated every aspect of Marma like definition, types, signs, and symptoms related to injury of Marma. Marma is a very important structure present in the body which causes pain or even death when getting injured. According to Acharya Sushruta in the description of Eka- dash Indriya Hasta and Paad are included under the five Karmendriya and their function is mentioned as Aadan and Vihar respectively and Hasta (hand) is considered as the most important/superior Yantra among all the Yan- tras by Acharya Susruta. Although each part of the human body is important still extremities possess the most importance as all body activities depend on limbs as without limbs existence of the human body is hard to imag- ine. So Anatomical interpretation of Urdhva Shakhagata Snayu Marma along with its clinical importance is very much needed in the present era. An attempt has been made to explore structures present in Urdhva Shakhagata Snayu Marma through cadaveric dissection. Keywords: Ekadash Indriya, Snayu Marma, Yantra.

The Surgical Anatomy of the Inguinal Lymphatics

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Cesmebasi ◽  
Amanda Baker ◽  
Maira Du Plessis ◽  
Petru Matusz ◽  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inguinal Region ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Epithelial Cancer ◽  
Nodal Dissection

Knowledge of the lymphatic system plays critical importance in surgical oncology. The study of the lymphatic system and its role in tumor metastasis continues to advance with new anatomical and surgical studies, and with a new study, we can gain a better understanding on how aggressive surgeons need to be with nodal dissection while balancing the complications with overly aggressive approaches. The lymphatics of the inguinal region represent a network of lymph nodes and vessels, which act as the bridge among the lower extremities, pelvis, perineum, and rest of the body. These lymph nodes are of particular importance in the metastatic spread of genitourinary and lower gastrointestinal epithelial cancer to the inguinal nodes. The aim of this article is to reveal the literature with regard to the inguinal lymph nodes and their relation in various carcinomas.

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