scholarly journals Ruminal evaluation of nutrient profiles of some legume forages, agricultural by-products and Baobab bark in sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
A. B. J. Aina ◽  
N. K. Oyesanya ◽  
T. A. Fadipe ◽  
O. R. Aina ◽  
O. A. Farinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
Fast Release ◽  
By Products

The crude protein (CP) ether extract (EE), acid detergent fibre, (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg) and Copper (Cu) degradability profiles of two legume forages (Tephrosia bracteolata and Stylosanthes hamata), two agricultural by-products (wheat ofsal and Rice bran) and Adansonia digitata (Baobab) bark that usually form part of feed materials commonly used in compounding small ruminant concentrate seed were estimated using nylon-bag technique, based on 5x 5 factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design in 2-way classification Factor A was the different feedstuffs (Tephrosia, Stylo, Baobak bark, Whear offal and Rice bran) while factor B was the different incubation periods (0, 6, 12, 24 and 48h) using individual animal as replicate. Results indicated that as incubation periods increased, the extent of disappearance of the test nutrients of each sample increased while the rate of degradation of each sample varied according/y: The trends of the extent of nutrient disappearance were in the following order: CP: Tephrosia (15.2 +0.14%) > Wheat offal (13.10+0.13%) > Stylo (12.24+0.36)> Rice bran (5.76 + 0.09%) > Baobab bark (3.05 +0.33%) EE: Stylo (9.53 + 0.2296) > Rice bran (5.74 +0.27%) > Wheat offal (2.13 +0.34%)= Baobab bark /2.13 + 0.33%)> Tephrosia (0.35 +0.7394). ADF: Rice bran (53.94 + 7.21%)> Baobab bark (46.87 + 5.34%)> Stylo (34.37+3.07%)> Tephrosia (31.01+4.46%)>Wheat offal (27.50 + 2.0896). NDF: Rice bran (58.11+6.29%)>Baobab bark (47.26+7.12%)>Tephrosia (44.14+3.05%)>Stylo (40.46+3.2296)>Wheat offal (25.29+4.21%) Ca: Tephrosia (0.855+0.18%)> Stylo (0.843+0.19%)> Rice bran (0.308+0.09%)> Wheat offal (0.204+0.04%)>Baobab bark (0.140+0.09%). P: Wheat offal (3.09+0.26%)> Rice bran (1.95+0,10%)> Baobab bark (0.76+0.21%)>Stylo (0.45+0.19%)> Tephrosia (0.09+0.01%). Mg: Tephrosia (0.495+0.31%)>Rice bran (0.234+0.21%)>Wheat offal (0.179+0.30%)>Stylo (0.160+0.23%)>Baobab bark (0.1/6+0.23%) Cu! Stylo (46.65+8. 1796)>Rice bran (37.79+4.7%)>Baobab hark (26.89+2.6%)>Tephrosia (18.51+2.70%)>Wheat ofsal (11.44+2.8%). Baobab bark was the least and slowest in the extent and rate of nutrients released into the rumen. Rice bran was also the second highest in terms of fast release of EE, P, Mg and Cu into the rume, suggesting that it can supply a reasonable level of EE, P, Mg and Cu, in addition to fastest release of +DF and NDF when fed or included in the concentrate supplement for ruminants. Wheat offal is also reasonably rich in crude protein and phosphorus. The two agricultural by-products are therefore good sources of nutrients for ruminants. The two legume forages (Tephrosia and Stylo) are fairly richer in CP, EE, Ca, Mg and Cw than other feedstuffs and they readily released their nutrients faster, and to a larger extent, than other feedstuffs. The inclusion of the two forages in the concentrate supplement, or fed as hay or silage can therefore be recommended in ruminant production, particularly when fast release of the nutrients is required while Baobab bark can be recommended when slow release of nutrient will be beneficial to the requirement of the animal 

scholarly journals Bromatological composition and dry matter digestibility of millet cultivars subjected to nitrogen doses

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H.D. Buso ◽  
A.F.S. França ◽  
E.S. Miyagi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Sowing Season

The bromatological composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of millet cultivars were assessed for different nitrogen doses and two sowing seasons in the Ceres municipality of Goiás state, Brazil. The treatments consisted of three millet cultivars (ADR-7010, ADR-500 and BRS-1501), four nitrogen (N) doses (0, 50, 100 and 200kg ha-1 of N) and two sowing seasons. Three replicates and a randomised block design with a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial scheme were used. Two cuttings were performed in each season when plants reached an average height of 0.70 cm. No significant interactions were observed between or among cultivars for N doses and dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents. The DM, CP, NDF and ADF contents were significantly different between N doses. The DM and CP contents increased as the N dose increased to 100kg ha-1. The maximum DM and CP contents were 11.14 and 22.53%, respectively. The NDF and ADF contents were higher in the control treatment (60.11 and 30.01%, respectively). In addition, the lowest ADF and NDF concentrations occurred at an N dose of 50kg ha-1(56.33 and 30.23%, respectively). The DM contents were higher for the February sowing, with an average of 10.59%. The highest CP and ADF contents were found for the December sowing (22.46 and 31.58%, respectively). No significant differences were found for millet cultivars, N doses or sowing seasons. A significant interaction was found between sowing season and millet cultivar. The BRS-1501 cultivar had a higher in vitro dry matter digestibility in the December/2010 sowing (73.88%).

scholarly journals Digestibility and net energy prediction of rice by products determined with piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciele Dalise Schirmann ◽  
Leonardo Tombesi da Rocha ◽  
Henrique da Costa Mendes Muniz ◽  
Josué Sebastiany Kunzler ◽  
Micheli Faccin Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Prediction ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, digestibility, and net energy (NE) of broken rice (BRR), stabilized rice bran (SRB), and parboiled rice bran (PRB) for piglets. Two digestibility trials were performed with 12 and 18 male pigs with initial weights of 8 and 16kg, respectively. We performed total fecal collection using ferric oxide as fecal marker. The digestibility coefficients of organic matter, crude protein, and gross energy were higher (P<0.001) for the BRR compared to the SRB and PRB. The PRB presented a digestible energy 2% lower than that of BR and 5% higher than that of SRB. For BRR, average NE value was 3,228kcal/kg dry matter (DM), and the difference between the lower and higher value was 311kcal/kg DM. Average NE values of SRB and PRB were 2,896 and 3,293kcal/kgDM, respectively. The difference between the energy predicted by each equation reached 190kcal/kgDM for SRB and 285kcal/kgDM for PRB. In conclusion, BRR showed higher nutrient digestibility coefficients, except for EE and GE, which can be attributed to differences in the production processes. Regardless of the type of feedstuff tested, equations to predict NE values should be used carefully due to considerable differences in energy content.

Enhanced quality fodder production through grass-legume intercropping under arid eco-system of Kachchh, Gujarat

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Deepesh Machiwal ◽  
Devi Dayal ◽  
A. K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Livestock Population ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Arid Condition

Growth and development of huge livestock population of Kachchh is dependent on availability of quality fodder. The quality fodder shortage can be partially met out by cultivating grasses-legumes in intercropping systems. Therefore, this study with the aim of identifying best grass-legume intercropping system for enhanced quality fodder production was undertaken in randomized complete block design with three replications at Bhuj Gujarat, India. Dicanthium annulatum in combination of Clitoria ternatia and Stylosanthes hamata recorded 8096 and 8040 kg ha-1 fresh herbage and 4665 and 4622 kg ha-1 dry matter yield, respectively. Further, Dicanthium annulatum+Clitoria ternatia and Dicanthium annulatum+Stylosanthes hamata resulted significantly maximum crude protein yield, 685 and 668 kg ha-1, respectively over rest of the treatments. Thus, it may be concluded that Dicanthium annulatum (DA) grass based intercropping systems are the best grass-legume intercropping system for enhanced quality fodder production for the arid condition of the Kachchh for overall development of livestock sector.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Pakan Sumber Energi terhadap Kandungan Nutrisi dan Fraksi Serat Silase Pelepah Sawit

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Heni Suryani ◽  
Saitul Fakhri
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Palm Fronds

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and the best energy-rich feed that could be combined with LAB on oil palm fronds (OPF) silage. Energy-rich feeds (molasses, rice polish, palm kernel cake (PKC), sludge and rice bran) were used and each of them was combined with LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum, 1010 CFU/mL). The treatments were : P0 = OPF, P1 = OPF + LAB (5 ml/kg), P2 = OPF + LAB (5 ml/kg) + molasses (3%), P3 = OPF (control) + LAB (5 ml/kg) + rice polish (3%), P4 = OPF + LAB (5 ml/kg) + BIS (3%), P5 = OPF + LAB (5 ml/kg) + sludge (3%), P6 = OPF + LAB (5 ml/kg) + rice bran (3%). Silages were packed in airtight transparent bottle silo (300 g capacity) and stored at room temperature. After 3 weeks, each silo was opened and sampled for physicals, nutrient and fiber analyses. Data were statistically analyzed in completely randomized design, and continued with orthogonal contrast analyses. The addition of LAB significantly (P<0.01) increased crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), decreased hemicellulose but no significant effect on nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content of OPF silages. The addition of energy-rich feeds significantly (P<0.01) increased CF and CP, decreased NFE, NDF and hemicellulose, but no significant effects on ADF of OPF silage. The most suitable energy-rich feeds combining with LAB in producing OPF silage was rice bran.

scholarly journals Nutritional parameters of lambs fed extruded ration with different roughage to concentrate ratios

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Karla Alves Oliveira ◽  
Gilberto de Lima Macedo Júnior ◽  
Laura Ferrari Monteiro Varanis ◽  
Carolina Moreira Araújo ◽  
Tamires Soares de Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

The objective of our study was to compare the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, and the nitrogen balance, of lambs fed extruded ration with different roughage (R) to concentrate (C) ratios. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Experimental Farm Capim Branco, from 7 December 2016 to 6 January 2017. Ten lambs (Santa Inês × Dorper) aged between four and five months, and with a mean weight of 25.9 ± 2.8 kg, were used. The animals were placed in metabolic cages equipped with a feeder, drinking fountain, and salt shaker, and which had a wooden slatted floor. The treatments consisted of extruded ration with 30R:70C or 70R:30C. Treatments were distributed in a randomised, complete block design, with each treatment being performed twice and with ten replications. The experiment was carried out in two blocked stages. Differences in the means of treatments were evaluated by Tukey’s test at a significance level of 5%. Intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, water intake by animals, and nitrogen balance were also analysed. The 30R:70C treatment resulted in a lower intake of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and hemicellulose, and caused higher dry matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility. The 30R:70C treatment also resulted in a lower intake and faecal excretion of nitrogen, consequently establishing a higher ratio between retained and ingested nitrogen. In conclusion, the ration with 30R:70C results in lower intake, and better utilisation of nutrients by the animal.

scholarly journals EVALUASI NUTRISI PERBEDAAN RASIO DEDAK PADI DAN AMPAS BIR DITINJAU DARI NILAI TDN RANSUM DOMBA LOKAL JANTAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Saputro ◽  
Susi Dwi Widyawati ◽  
Suharto Suharto
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Male Sheep

<p>This study aimed to determine the effect of rice bran (DP) and industrial waste beer or beer dregs (AB) with different ratios on TDN local sheep ration and to know the optimal level of provision. Sheep were used in this study were male local sheep weighing 15 kg ± 1.5 kg as much as 12 heads. Treatment ration consists of forage and concentrates with a ratio of 60%: 40% (in DM) in the form of grass king, DP and AB. The design used in this study is a Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments and four replications. Treatment applied is P1 = 60% Grass King + 29% DP + 9% AB + 2% Premix, P2 = 60% Grass King + 19% DP + 19% AB + 2% Premix, P3 = 60% Grass King + 9 % DP + 29% AB + 2% Premix. Variables measured are nutrients (crude protein = PK, extract ether = LK, crude fiber = SK and Nitrogen free extract = BETN) can be digested. The results showed that PKdd and LKdd strongly influenced (P &lt;0.01) by the ratio of DP and AB. The use of DP and AB ratio of 19%: 19% and 9% DP AB : 29% highly significant to increase PKdd and LKdd (PK ss: 6.71 vs 7.64; 8.12 and the LKdd: 4:07 vs 4:27; 4:36). While carbohydrates are composed of SKdd and BETNdd did not influenced by differences in the ratio of DP and AB. The use of rice bran and the dregs of beer at local male sheep give the best TDN value at the level of 19% and 19% rice bran and industrial waste beer or beer dregs.</p>

Preliminary results of the optimization of biogas production at the biogas station of the national research institute of animal production in Grodziec Sląski – Kostkowice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
K. Węglarzy ◽  
Yu. Shliva ◽  
B. Matros ◽  
G. Sych
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
By Products

Aim. To optimize the methane digestion process while using different recipes of substrate components of ag- ricultural origin. Methods. The chemical composition of separate components of the substrate of agricultural by-products, industrial wastes, fats of the agrorefi nery and corn silage was studied. Dry (organic) mass, crude protein (fat) fi ber, loose ash, nitrogen-free exhaust were estimated in the components and the productivity of biogas was determined along with the methane content. These data were used as a basis for daily recipes of the substrate and the analysis of biogas production at the biogas station in Kostkowice. Results. The application of by-products of agricultural production solves the problem of their storage on boards and in open containers, which reduces investment costs, related to the installation of units for their storage. Conclusions. The return on investment for obtaining electric energy out of agricultural biogas depends considerably on the kind of the substrate used and on technological and market conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Processed Beverage By-Product-Based Diets on Biological Parameters, Conversion Efficiency and Body Composition of Hermetia illucens (L) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Vassilios Sideris ◽  
Maria Georgiadou ◽  
Georgios Papadoulis ◽  
Konstantinos Mountzouris ◽  
Antonios Tsagkarakis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
By Products

The effect of spent coffee grounds (SCG), brewer’s spent grains (BSG) and their mixtures with the addition of brewer’s yeast (BY) were tested in two rearing densities of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.). Different treatments were investigated on larval development, survival, yield, protein conversion (PrCR) and bioconversion rate (BCR), substrate mass reduction and body composition of the insect. BSF larvae were able to develop sufficiently in all diets, except on sole SCG. The addition of BY enhanced the performance properties of diets, especially in the case of SCG, where larvae underperformed. Substrate mass reduction, PrCR and BCR were affected only by feed and exhibited higher values on reference feed, followed by BSG and SCG+BSG enriched with BY. Density did not have a significant effect on various larval nutrients, except for fat, which was higher on larvae fed enriched feeds with BY and in the 300 larval density. The interaction between feed and density strongly affected the nitrogen and protein levels, larval yield and ash. Generally, diets which contained SCG exhibited high larval crude protein levels. Our results illustrate that low value beverage by-products can be successfully utilized as constituents of a successful BSF diet.

SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GRASSES HARVESTED FROM THE NATURAL PASTURE IN OGUN STATE SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
O. A. OKUKENU ◽  
B. T. AKINYEMI ◽  
P. A. DELE ◽  
A. A. OLAJIDE ◽  
A.O. JOLAOSHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dominant Grasses

The research was carried was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition of the dominant grasses harvested from the natural pasture in selected villages in Ogun State, South-western Nigeria at different seasons. The study was carried out using a 4 × 6 factorial arrangement comprising four seasons (early rain, late rain, early dry and late dry) at six locations (Afami, Atokun, Ibooro, Ileniku, Ipaaya, and Okerori). Results showed that the crude protein (CP) content significantly (p<0.05) varied from 5.56 % for Okerori to 7.34 % for Ibooro and the grasses harvested at Afami had the highest (72.75 %) neutral detergent fibre (NDF) values with the least (68.75 %) value recorded for Okerori, while the acid detergent fibre (ADF) values ranged from 41.00 % for Atokun to 48.25 % for Okerori. Also, CP value as affected by the season ranged from 4.23 % for late rainy to 9.44 % for the early rainy season and NDF values from 67.33% for late dry to 72.33 % for late rainy season while the early dry season had the highest value (48.00 %) for ADF with the least value (40.33 %) was recorded for the early rainy season. The phosphorus (P) value was highest at Ipaaya (2.99 g/kg) with the least value observed at Okerori (1.62 g/kg). The value for calcium ranged from 2.55 g/kg at Afami to 6.59 g/kg at Okerori. The P value of grasses as affected by seasons ranged from 1.46 g/kg for early dry to 2.66 g/kg for early rainy seasons.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of sorghum silages

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
Daniella Cangussú Tolentino ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

 This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional characteristics and quality of silages of five sorghum genotypes, namely: Volumax, AG2005E, Qualimax, BRS610 and AG2501. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Unimontes, in the municipality of Janaúba, state of Minas Gerais. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with four replicates. Data were tested by analysis of variance andmeans were compared by Scott-Knott test at a significance level of 5%. The pH values ranged from 3.93 and 4.10. Genotypes differed in all studied nutritional characteristics (p < 0.05). For the acid detergent fiber, differences were detected between the genotypes, AG2501 (35.66%), Volumax (34.89%), AG2005E (34.53%), Qualimax (32.39%) and BRS610 (33.60%). The high participation of lignin was verifiedin all genotypes except for Volumax (4.14%). All silages were within the recommended range 50-65% for in vitro dry matter digestibility and classified as having good quality, however only the AG2005E genotype met nitrogen requirements for microbial fermentation, with 7.06% crude protein. 

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