scholarly journals Behavioral parameters evaluation after homeopathic Zincum metallicum treatment: a transgenerational study in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (47) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Silvio Leite Monteiro da Silva ◽  
Cideli de Paula Coelho ◽  
Luana de Ramos Soares ◽  
Amarilys de Toledo Cesar ◽  
Maria Martha Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Antidepressant Agent ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
F1 Generation

Background: ZINCUM METALLICUM (ZM) is a homeopathic medicine whose materia medica is defined by diverse behavioral and mental symptoms, including depression. Moreover, as a microelement, zinc itself is involved in several functions of Central Nervous System, including development and cell maturity during the intra-uterus life. Aims: Herein, the putative transgenerational effects of different homeopathic potencies of ZM upon behavioral parameters in P and F1 generations were evaluated. Methodology: Since mice and the tail suspension test (TST) are references for evaluating antidepressant agent activity, the TST together with the open field test (OPT) and the elevated plus maze test (EPM) were used to analyze offspring behavioral parameters. All animal procedures were in agreement with the Brazilian ethical research practices and were approved by the institutional ethical committee (CEUA-UNIP) under the protocol 156/2013. Four groups of seven females Balb/C mice were exposed to 0,1mL of ZM 5cH, 30cH, 200cH and lactose 5cH, diluted in 250mL of drinking water, during pregnancy and post partum period, in a total of 31 days. The flasks were coded before the remedies administration and all experimental procedures, including statistical analysis were done in blind. The parents were previously distributed in a Completely Randomized Design for the mates, according to the TST previous results. Mothers were re-evaluated for TST after weaning and mice of F1 generation were evaluated for TST, EPM and OPT when they reached two months old. According to the time of immobilization in TST, animals were classified as healthy (h), intermediate (i) and depressed (d) (< 116; 117-180 and >180 seconds of immobilization, respectively). Results: No significant changes were seen among the groups regarding to the number of newborns, sex proportions, TST, OPT and EPM behavioral parameters, besides the fact that the treatment with ZM 200cH was associated to the majority of healthy F1 mice (male: n=8: 7h+1i+0d; female: n=8: 8h+0i+0d), in relation to the number of delivery per group (Fisher test, p ≤ 0.01). Treatment with ZM 5cH, instead, produced reduced number of pups with no male mouse among F1 generation. We conclude that the treatment of pregnant females with ZM 200cH produced the best results in F1 generation regarding reproduction and behavioral parameters and the treatment with ZM 5cH reduced births in relation to control. The involved mechanisms have to be elucidated in the next steps of the study.

scholarly journals Fast-acting effects of l-tetrahydropalmatine on depression and anxiety in mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Wai-Kin Mat ◽  
Wing-Man Chan ◽  
T Yiu-Cheong Ho ◽  
Rigil K Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gabaa Receptor ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Gabaa Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Fast Acting ◽  
Suspension Test

The racemate dl-tetrahydropalmatine (dl-THP) is known for its analgesic and sedative effects, and has been shown by us to be a potential agent for the treatment of anxiety.Herein, to delineate the therapeutic potentials of its different isomeric forms, the behavioral effects of l-THP, dl-THP and d-THP were compared regarding their anxiolytic and antidepressant properties in mouse behavioral models using the elevated plus-maze test and tail suspension test respectively. The anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of both l-THP and dl-THP were evident in forty-five minutes following oral administration. Moreover, l-THP exhibited much greater anxiolytic potency in the elevated plus-maze (0.1-2.5 mg/kg) and antidepressant potency in the tail suspension test (0.5-5.0 mg/kg) than dl-THP, whereas d-THP was inactive in either of these tests. As well, l-THP enhanced sociability and preference for social novelty at 0.1-0.5 mg/kg in Crawley’s three-chamber behavioral tests, and inhibited the amphetamine-induced manic-like hyperactivity of amphetamine-sensitized mice at 0.05-0.2 mg/kg. These pharmacological actions of l-THP were unaccompanied by any significant locomotor or myorelaxant side-effects. Co-administration of flumazenil, a GABAA receptor antagonist, inhibited the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of l-THP, even though the binding affinity of l-THP was higher for dopamine D2-like receptors than for GABAA receptors. On this basis, l-THP displayed potential as a fast-acting drug for the treatment of anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder. Keywords: l-THP; dl-THP; Anxiolysis; Antidepressant; GABAA receptor; Fast-acting

scholarly journals Dose-Dependent, Antidepressant, and Anxiolytic Effects of a Traditional Medicinal Plant for the Management of Behavioral Dysfunctions in Animal Models

Dose-Response ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581989126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Asif ◽  
Abdul Hayee ◽  
Muhammad Rahil Aslam ◽  
Khalil Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Sattar Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present work was carried out to assess the Onosma bracteatum anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. Swiss albino mice (male) were fed orally with hydroalcoholic extract at different doses 50, 100, and 200 mg 1 hour prior to test with the standard diazepam and fluoxetine. Anxiolytic and antidepressant activities were evaluated by using open field, elevated plus maze, force swimming, and tail suspension test. Results of open field test showed an increase in number of line crossing as well as number of rearing in dosage-dependent design. Although results of elevated plus maze test evidently showed antianxiety effect of O bracteatum by increasing the time spent in open arms along with decreasing the time spent in closed arms in dosage-dependent way. For the evaluation of antidepressant effect, O bracteatum diminished the immobility time and expanded mobility time in forced swim model in dosage-dependent way. Likewise, O bracteatum expanded time span of mobility along with diminished immobility time in tail suspension method in dosage-dependent way. Outcome demonstrated that plant at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight showed significant potential which was similar to that standard diazepam and fluoxetine. Hence, O bracteatum may be used as potent natural psychotherapeutic agent against the mental disorders.

scholarly journals Behavioral aspects of Santa Inês sheep kept in pasture in a tropical rainforest climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Manno ◽  
Luiz Fernando de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Kedson Raul de Souza Lima ◽  
Monique Valéria de Lima Carvalhal ◽  
Silas Santiago Rodrigues Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
The Times ◽  
Main Activity

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate behavioral aspects of Santa Inês sheep in pasture in humid tropical climate. In order to do so, nine Santa Inês sheep were kept on pasture, exposed to the climate directly, without shade, for 24 days, with 12 alternate days in each period (dry and raining) in 2015. The behavioral parameters evaluated were: food consumption, standing idleness, lying idle and rumination. Observations occurred from 08:00 A.M. to 05:55 P.M. The experimental was a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatments (rainy season and dry period), nine replications, one animal per experimental unit. To understand the correlations of the behavioral parameters with the climatic variables, Pearson’s correlation was performed. Approximate average values between the rainy and dry periods for the behavioral variables were observed, but there was a greater intake in the volume of water in the dry period (9.59L/sheep). Also, there were significant differences in the behavior of the animals throughout the day. In the hottest time of the day, at 02:00 P.M., there was standing idle of 25.83min., lying idle of 1.21min., and spent less time-consuming food (27.08min.) in relation to other schedules. We concluded that the sheep had similar behavioral parameters in the rainy and dry periods, but when we observe the times of the days, the behaviors are different. The main activity recorded was grazing, and the variables, temperature and relative humidity of the air influence differently between the seasons, being more marked in the dry period.

scholarly journals Ingestive Behavior and Nutritional and Physiological Parameters of Sheep Fed Diets Based on Cashew Byproduct

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
Tallita da Ponte Ribeiro ◽  
Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu ◽  
Fernando Lisboa Guedes ◽  
Marco Aurélio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

Objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior, feed efficiency, and nutritional and physiological parameters of sheep that were fed diets based on byproducts from the processing of cashew. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with four levels of inclusion (6 %, 11 %, 16 %, and 21 % of cashew byproduct) and two forms of processing—with chemical treatment (CT) and without chemical treatment (NCT). The interaction levels of inclusion of the byproduct of cashew versus chemical treatments was not (P>0.05) for the dry matter intake, consumption of organic matter. No effect was observed (P>0.05) for the intake of dry matter in function of the type of chemical treatment used in the byproduct of cashew. There was no effect of interaction (P<0.05) between levels of inclusion and chemical treatment applied or not on the byproduct of cashew for the coefficients of digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein (P>0.05). The inclusion of the byproduct of cashew did not influence the behavioral parameters, intake and digestibility of the diets of sheep, being recommended to use up to the level of 21%.

scholarly journals Effects of the antinociceptive dipeptide L-tyrosine-L-arginine (kyotorphin) on the motivation, anxiety, and memory in rats

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Hristina Angelova ◽  
Ekaterina Krumova ◽  
Elena Dzhambazova ◽  
Daniela Pechlivanova
Keyword(s):  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Behavioral Parameters

Introduction: The endogenous dipeptide L-tyrosine-L-arginine (kyotorphin, KTP) is found in brain structures related to the processing of information for nociception, the control of emotions, and memory formation. Besides the antinociceptive effect of KTP, it has a mild protective activity against the deleterious influence of the brain hypoperfusion and streptozotocin on the behavior and memory.&nbsp; Aim: We aimed to study the effects of the intracerebroventricular injection of effective antinociceptive doses of KTP on the motivational behavior, memory, and blood and hippocampal levels of the carbonylated proteins in healthy male adult Wistar rats. Materials and methods: We used a paw-pressure test for assessment of acute nociception, an open field test for assessment of&nbsp;exploration and habituation to a new environment, elevated plus maze test for the evaluation of anxiety-like behavior, and novel&nbsp;object recognition test for working memory. Carbonylated protein assay was used for the assessment of the oxidative impairment of the&nbsp;proteins. The results were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: The present data showed that all single doses of KTP exerted an antinociceptive effect, but this effect was not observed after chronic administration. Only the highest dose of 100 &micro;g was able to induce anxiolytic and motor inhibiting effects. None of the doses used showed effects on the recognition memory or the level of the carbonylated protein.&nbsp; Conclusion: Our results showed that KTP exerted its antinociceptive effect without affecting negatively the blood and brain carbonylated protein or basic behavioral parameters related to the exploration, motivation, and memory formation in healthy rats.

scholarly journals “We are antidepressant also”: aspirin and diclofenac sodium

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Meera Sumanth ◽  
Prajwala R. Khapale
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time

Background: Many studies have indicated that inflammation and depression are associated with each other. Present study was taken up to prove antidepressant effect of aspirin and diclofenac sodium.Methods: The present study was divided into 6 phases with 5 groups of animals N=10. In study 1, C57Bl mice were used and in remaining 4 studies swiss albino mice. Amitriptyline was standard drug used. For each study first group of animals was treated with a saline solution 1ml P.O., and second group of animals injected with 0.1 ml of 2% formalin. In group 3, 4, 5 animals depression was produced by stressors and treated with aspirin 14mg/kg P.O., diclofenac sod. 10 mg/kg P.O. and amitriptyline 10 mg/kg P.O., respectively. Antidepressant activity of aspirin and diclofenac sodium was determined by using forced swim test, tail suspension test, elevated plus maze test and light dark box test. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α) and central neurotransmitters (5-HT, NE, Ach) were estimated.Results: In light dark box test, latency of first crossing, time spent in dark area were decreased and no. of crossing increased significantly in the aspirin, diclofenac sod. treated animals. In forced swim test, the immobility time was decreased. Swiss albino mice treated with aspirin, diclofenac sod. showed decreased concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α and increased concentration of serotonin, nor epinephrine and acetylcholine. In elevated plus maze test, no. of open arm, closed arm entries, time spent in open arm increased and time spent in closed arm decreased. In tail suspension test immobility time was decreased.Conclusions: Aspirin and diclofenac sodium has antidepressant activity.

scholarly journals PENGARUH IMBANGAN PROTEIN DAN ENERGI TERHADAP BOBOT LAHIR ANAK DAN BOBOT INDUK DOMBA GARUT SETELAH MELAHIRKAN (Effects of Protein and Energy Balance of The Birth Weight of The Lamb and The Weight of Sheep Ewe Post Partum)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wandi Heryanto ◽  
Ibrahim Hadist ◽  
Budi Ayuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Energy Balances

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui imbangan protein dan energi terhadap bobot lahir anak dan bobot induk domba Garut setelah melahirkan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2018 di UPTD BPPTDK Margawati Garut. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan dan enam ulangan. Ternak percobaan yang digunakan yaitu 18 ekor Domba Garut yang sudah menjelang melahirkan dengan rataan bobot kurang lebih 41 kg dengan koefesien variasi 8,72%, dan dipelihara dikandang individu. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah imbangan protein dan energi yaitu P1 (10% ; 59%), P2 (12% ; 63), dan P3 (13% ; 68%). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa imbangan protein dan energi yang berbeda menghasilkan bobot lahir anak dan bobot induk domba Garut yang sama. Kata Kunci : Protein, Energi, Domba Garut. Abstract The aims of research this was to determine the protein and energy balance of the birth weight of the lamb and the weight of sheep ewe post partum. Research was carried out in June to August 2018 at the UPTD BPPTDK Margawati Garut. The method used is the experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and six replications. The experimental object were 18 Garut Sheep that have advanced with an average weight of 41 kg with variation in coefficient of 8.72% and maintained in individual cages. The treatments given were protein and energy balances, namely P1 (10%; 59%), P2 (12%; 63), P3 (13%; 68%). The results of this study indicate that the protein and energy balance not significant effect the birth weight of the lamb and the weight of the Garut ewe. Keywords : Protein, Energy, Garut sheep.

scholarly journals Anti-depressant Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Asperula odorata L. in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e2206
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Hatami Nemati ◽  
Kimia Vatani ◽  
Zahra Abbasy ◽  
Mahsa Hadipour Jahromy ◽  
Poorya Davoodi
Keyword(s):  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Background: The relationship between the treatment of depression and plant-derived substances (e.g., flavonoids, coumarin, and scopoletin) has been demonstrated through interference with the monoamine system. The present study was planned to evaluate the anti-depressant effects of Asperula odorata L. plant through behavioral tests in mice. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 35 male Syrian mice weighing 30-40 g were examined in five groups (n=7) as follow: received oral distilled water gavage (control), 10 mg/kg of fluoxetine solution gavage (reference standard), 10, 5, and 2.5 mg/kg of A. odorata L. extract gavage (treatment groups). After one week, all behavioral tests, including tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), and fractionation tests were performed each morning for 4-6 h within five days. Results: The hydroalcoholic extract of A. odorata contained phenolic and flavonoid substances (Shinoda test confirmed flavonoid family). Administration of extract (10 and 5 mg/kg doses) versus fluoxetine (10 mg/kg dose) reduced the immobility of animals in both FST and TST (P<0.05). At the OFT, the administered extract increased the number of central square entries of animals with higher mobility (P<0.05). At a 10 mg/kg dose, the active flavonoid ingredients increased the mice's incline to entre and spent more time within no wall parts of EPMT (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the hydroalcoholic extract of A. odorata L. could have significant anti-depressant activity. [GMJ.2021;10:e2206]

scholarly journals Investigation of the Pharmacological Properties of Lepidagathis hyalina Nees through Experimental Approaches

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Fowzul Islam Fahad ◽  
Niloy Barua ◽  
Md. Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Syed Al Jawad Sayem ◽  
Koushik Barua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Dose Dependent

Lepidagathis hyalina Nees is used locally in Ayurvedic medicine to treat coughs and cardiovascular diseases. This study explored its pharmacological potential through in vivo and in vitro approaches for the metabolites extracted (methanolic) from the stems of L. hyalina. A qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of numerous secondary metabolites. The methanol extract of L. hyalina stems (MELHS) showed a strong antioxidative activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays, and in the quantitative (phenolic and flavonoid) assay. Clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality bioassays were applied to investigate the thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities, respectively. MELHS exhibited an expressive percentage of clot lysis (33.98%) with a moderately toxic (115.11 μg/mL) effect. The in vivo anxiolytic activity was studied by an elevated plus maze test, whereas the antidepressant activity was examined by a tail suspension test and forced swimming test. During the anxiolytic evaluation, MELHS exhibited a significant dose-dependent reduction of anxiety, in which the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract showed 78.77 ± 4.42% time spent in the open arm in the elevated plus maze test. In addition, MELHS demonstrated dose-dependent and significant activities in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test, whereas the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract showed 87.67 ± 6.40% and 83.33 ± 6.39% inhibition of immobile time, respectively. Therefore, the current study suggests that L. hyalina could be a potential source of anti-oxidative, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant agents. Further study is needed to determine the mechanism behind the bioactivities.

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