scholarly journals Physiologie effects of individual fatty acids in animal and human body, with particular attention to coronary heart disease risk modulation

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pfeuffer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Abstract. Dietary fatty acids have a wide spectrum of functions in the body. They may all serve as energy source, but polyunsaturated fatty acids are preferably incorporated into cell membranes and affect membrane composition and functionality. Some fatty acids may change gene transcription, and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, released from cell membranes, serve as precursors of eicosanoid synthesis. Fatty acids affect lipid and lipoprotein levels. Lipoproteins may be modified in several ways, e.g. become oxidized or glycated, which in turn affects their metabolic fate. Fatty acids affect endothelial function via inflammatory, oxidative and haemostatic processes. This shows that fatty acids exert regulatory functions in many ways beyond plasma cholesterol level changes. Effects of individual fatty acids are not necessarily one-directional, i.e. there may be both negative and positive aspects to them. Omega3 polyunsatureated fatty acids have a particularly wide spectrum of favourable effects.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Mediated Regulation of Membrane Biochemistry and Tumor Cell Membrane Integrity

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Souvik Mukerjee ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Saeedan ◽  
Mohd. Nazam Ansari ◽  
Manjari Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Body System ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Tumor Cell Membrane

Particular dramatic macromolecule proteins are responsible for various cellular events in our body system. Lipids have recently recognized a lot more attention of scientists for understanding the relationship between lipid and cellular function and human health However, a biological membrane is formed with a lipid bilayer, which is called a P–L–P design. Our body system is balanced through various communicative signaling pathways derived from biological membrane proteins and lipids. In the case of any fatal disease such as cancer, the biological membrane compositions are altered. To repair the biological membrane composition and prevent cancer, dietary fatty acids, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are essential in human health but are not directly synthesized in our body system. In this review, we will discuss the alteration of the biological membrane composition in breast cancer. We will highlight the role of dietary fatty acids in altering cellular composition in the P–L–P bilayer. We will also address the importance of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to regulate the membrane fluidity of cancer cells.

scholarly journals Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on infant development

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
O. N. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
Long Chain

The ω-6 and ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) play a significant structural and functional role in the child’s body, as they form part of all cell membranes. ω-3 LC PUFAs are incorporated into cell membranes, increasing membrane fluidity, changing functions of receptors and membrane-bound enzymes, and, therefore, improving the interactions of the cells with their environment. This is particularly important for the development of connections between neurons in the growing child’s brain, which occurs intensively at an early age. Studies have shown the delayed effect of (ω-6 and ω-3) LC PUFA on the improvement of visual and cognitive functions. They are also the precursor of lipid mediators. The balance created by mediators ratio in the diet plays a decisive role in the prevention of common chronic diseases, including obesity. Insufficient consumption and decreased synthesis of LC PUFAs from precursors (α-linolenic and linoleic acids) in the body as a result of changed activity of fatty acid desaturas makes it necessary to include them in the food ration of nursing mothers, which is important for breastfeeding children. Formula-fed infants also need supplements with LC PUFAs. For this purpose, doctors prescribe formulas enriched with arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids among other ingredients. This recommendation is also important at the stage of expanding nutrition by adding supplementary foods, as it is during this period that rations are especially deficient in the LC PUFAs.

scholarly journals The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Immune Responses

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Radzikowska ◽  
Arturo O. Rinaldi ◽  
Zeynep Çelebi Sözener ◽  
Dilara Karaguzel ◽  
Marzena Wojcik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Diet-derived fatty acids (FAs) are essential sources of energy and fundamental structural components of cells. They also play important roles in the modulation of immune responses in health and disease. Saturated and unsaturated FAs influence the effector and regulatory functions of innate and adaptive immune cells by changing membrane composition and fluidity and by acting through specific receptors. Impaired balance of saturated/unsaturated FAs, as well as n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FAs has significant consequences on immune system homeostasis, contributing to the development of many allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. In this paper, we discuss up-to-date knowledge and the clinical relevance of the influence of dietary FAs on the biology, homeostasis, and functions of epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, innate lymphoid cells, T cells and B cells. Additionally, we review the effects of dietary FAs on the pathogenesis of many diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis as well as type 1 and 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals The Marine Microalga, Tisochrysis lutea, Protects against Metabolic Disorders Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Claire Mayer ◽  
Léo Richard ◽  
Martine Côme ◽  
Lionel Ulmann ◽  
Hassan Nazih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Tisochrysis Lutea

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 series and especially docosahexaenoic acid are known to exert preventive effects on metabolic disturbances associated with obesity and decrease cardiovascular disease risk. n-3 LC-PUFAs are mainly consumed in the form of fish oil, while other sources, such as certain microalgae, may contain a high content of these fatty acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Tisochrysis lutea (Tiso), a microalga rich in DHA, on metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Three male Wistar rat groups were submitted for eight weeks to a standard diet or high-fat and high fructose diet (HF), supplemented or not with 12% of T. lutea (HF-Tiso). The supplementation did not affect plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALAT). Bodyweight, glycemia and insulinemia decreased in HF-Tiso rats (ANOVA, p < 0.001), while total plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) increased (ANOVA, p < 0.001) without change of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels. Tiso supplementation decreased fat mass and leptinemia as well as liver TAG, cholesterol and plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (ANOVA, p < 0.001) while it did not affect interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-4 and lipopolysaccharides levels. HF-Tiso rats showed an increase of IL-10 level in abdominal adipose tissue (ANOVA, p < 0.001). In conclusion, these results indicated that DHA-rich T. lutea might be beneficial for the prevention of obesity and improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Fat Composition and 2’Fucosyllactose on Neonatal Piglet Growth and Organ Lipid Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1038-1038
Author(s):  
Michael Miklus ◽  
Pedro Prieto ◽  
Cynthia Barber ◽  
Robert Rhoads ◽  
Samer El-Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of 2’fucosyllactose (2’FL) and fat blends on growth, body composition and fatty acid profile of the liver and brain using the neonatal pig as a model for the human infant. Methods Pigs (3 d old) were randomly assigned to either: 1. control, 2. Palm Olein (PO) fat blend – Low 2'-FL, 3. PO – High 2'-FL, 4. High oleic acid (HO) – Low 2'-FL, 5. HO FB – High 2'-FL, 6. PO FB – GLA, or 7. kept with their sows. Pigs in groups 1 to 6 received 250 ml·kg−1·d−1 of formula in 5 equal meals for 15 d. On day 14 of the study, groups 1–6 received intraperitoneal E. coli LPS challenge at 100 µg·kg−1 weight. Results Body weight was greater for piglets fed by sows than those in the other groups (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, % fat and bone mineral content were higher in the sow-fed group while lean % was less sow-fed piglets (group 7) compared with those in the other groups (P &lt; 0.05). Only longissimus weight expressed as a % of body weight, was greater for group 7 compared with all other groups (P &lt; 0.001). Soleus, semitendinosus, brain, heart and spleen weights as a % of body weight were similar across all groups. However, liver weight as a % of body weight was greater in groups 1–6 (3.7%) compared with group 7 (2.8%; P &lt; 0.001). The proportion of brain 16:1 fatty acid was less (0.83%) for groups 1–6 than for group 7 pigs (1.08%; P &lt; 0.0001). The proportion of 20:3 N6 was greatest (0.66%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 4 (0.55%; P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the proportion of 20:5 N3 was greatest (0.12%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 7 (0.07%; P &lt; 0.05). The proportion of liver 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 cis-11 fatty acids were greater for group 7 (2.3, 23, 2.2%) than groups 1–6 (0.2, 20, 1.2%; P &lt; 0.0001). Conversely, the contribution of 14:0, 18:1 cis-9, 18:3 N6 cis-6,9,12, and 22:6 N3 were greater for pigs in groups 1–6 (1.3, 0.6, and 14, 7.8%) compared with those in group 7 (0.5, 8.5, 0.2 and 3.5%; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions Our data suggest that feeding 2’fucosyllactose had no effect on the body weight gain and composition in neonatal pigs. Our data also suggest that dietary fatty acids have a greater effect on liver than on brain fatty acid composition. Funding Sources Funding for the work was provided by Perrigo Nutritionals, LLC.

scholarly journals Dairy Fat Consumption and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: An Examination of the Saturated Fatty Acids in Dairy

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unger ◽  
Torres-Gonzalez ◽  
Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Lifestyle is a key modifiable risk factor involved in the manifestation of metabolic syndrome and, in particular, diet plays a pivotal role in its prevention and development. Current dietary guidelines discourage the consumption of saturated fat and dietary sources rich in saturated fat, such as dairy products, despite data suggesting that full-fat dairy consumption is protective against metabolic syndrome. This narrative review assessed the recent epidemiological and clinical research that examined the consumption of dairy-derived saturated fatty acids (SFA) on metabolic syndrome risk. In addition, this review evaluated studies of individual SFA to gain insight into the potential mechanisms at play with intake of a diet enriched with these dairy-derived fatty acids. This work underscores that SFA are a heterogenous class of fatty acids that can differ considerably in their biological activity within the body depending on their length and specific chemical structure. In summary, previous work on the impact of dairy-derived SFA consumption on disease risk suggests that there is currently insufficient evidence to support current dietary guidelines which consolidate all dietary SFA into a single group of nutrients whose consumption should be reduced, regardless of dietary source, food matrix, and composition.

scholarly journals Dietary fatty acids promote lipid droplet diversity through seipin enrichment in an ER subdomain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Cao ◽  
Yan Hao ◽  
Yiu Yiu Lee ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
Xuesong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Storage ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cyclopropane Fatty Acids ◽  
Host Metabolism

AbstractExogenous metabolites from microbial and dietary origins have profound effects on host metabolism. Here, we report that a sub-population of lipid droplets (LDs), which are conserved organelles for fat storage, is defined by metabolites-driven targeting of theC. elegansseipin ortholog, SEIP-1. Loss of SEIP-1 function reduced the size of a subset of LDs while over-expression of SEIP-1 had the opposite effect. Ultrastructural analysis revealed SEIP-1 enrichment in an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subdomain, which co-purified with LDs. Analyses ofC. elegansand bacterial genetic mutants indicated a requirement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and microbial cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs) for SEIP-1 enrichment, as confirmed by dietary supplementation experiments. In mammalian cells, heterologous expression of SEIP-1 promoted lipid droplet expansion from ER subdomains in a conserved manner. Our results suggest that microbial and polyunsaturated fatty acids serve unexpected roles in regulating cellular fat storage by enforcing LD diversity.

scholarly journals Stimulation of follicle growth and development during estrus in Ettawa Grade does fed a flushing supplement of different polyunsaturated fatty acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Prasetyo Nugroho ◽  
Komang Gede Wiryawan ◽  
Dewi Apri Astuti ◽  
Wasmen Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles

Background and Aim: Flushing with the manipulation of fatty acids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, like linoleic and α-linolenic acids in the ration, is a strategy to raise the nutritional status of the female mammals to improve ovarian function and follicle development. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of flushing supplementation with different types of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in stimulating follicle growth and development during estrus in Ettawa Grade does with a low initial body condition score (BCS ≤2). Materials and Methods: Eighteen Ettawa Grade does in the second parity, with an average body weight of 32.11±2.19 kg, were divided into three groups according to the fatty acid supplemented to their ration: (i) About 2.8% lauric acid flushing (group); (ii) 2.8% linoleic acid flushing (LA group); and (iii) 2.8% a-linolenic acid flushing (ALA group). The ration was formulated to be isocaloric (total digestible nutrient = 77%) and isonitrogenous (crude protein = 15%). The experiment was conducted for 35 days; that is, 14 days for acclimatization and synchronization of the estrous cycle and 21 days for fatty acid flushing until the appearance of the next estrus. A completely randomized design was applied. Results: According to the results, none of the different fatty acids in the ration affected the nutrient intakes, BCSs, average daily gains, and plasma glucose, cholesterol, and progesterone concentrations of the three groups of does. However, the BCSs (by 0.8-0.9) and the plasma cholesterol concentrations were higher after fatty acid flushing for 21 days than before the flushing period. The ALA group had the highest number of large-sized preovulatory follicles, whereas the LAURIC group had the highest plasma estradiol concentration during estrus. All three groups had similar plasma progesterone concentrations during estrus after fatty acid flushing. Conclusion: Flushing supplementation with 2.8% ALA from flaxseed oil gave the best results in terms of stimulating the highest number of large-sized preovulatory follicles in Ettawa Grade does.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document