scholarly journals Ontogeny of suckling behaviour in cattle - a model for several mammalian species?

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-561
Author(s):  
M. Mayntz ◽  
G. Sender
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Dairy Breed

Abstract. Suckling behaviour of nine beef cow-calf-pairs (Hereford and Charolais) and five dairy cow-calf-pair's (Polish Holstein-Friesian) was video-recorded from day one pp to day 70 (beef) or 82 (dairy) post partum (pp) regularly. Cows were only suckled during that time and milk yield could not be recorded. Bout was defined as all activities of the calf from the first contact between the mouth of the calf at a specific teat and the last contact at this teat, i.e., as a small sub-unit of a meal. Number of suckled teats, uniformity of relative shares of suckled teats, number of bouts, average bout and relative number of bout-teat-repetitions described the course of ontogeny of suckling behaviour. The first model included the effects breed, cow (breed), and day pp as regression. The analysis revealed the following: (i) number of teats, uniformity of relative shares between suckled teats, and number of bouts increased with increasing day pp. (ii) Average bout, relative number of bout-teat repetitions and mealbout- relationship decreased with increasing day pp. (iii) The same developments could be observed in both breeds, however, significantly slower in the dairy breed. The second model included the effects breed, cow (breed) and average bout as regression, representing milk yield. Breed changed from a very powerful into an almost negligible effect in that second analysis. The implications of the results for a wider group of mammalian species are discussed.

scholarly journals Zum Glukosetoleranztest beim Rind 1. – Mitteilung: Beziehungen zum Laktationsabschnitt und zur Milchleistung

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
R. Staufenbiel ◽  
U. Reinicke ◽  
L. Panicke
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Abstract. Titel of the paper: Investigations into glucose tolerance test in cattle. I. Relations to stage of lactation and milk yield. Intravenous glucose tolerance test was used in 104 randomly selected milk cows to proove the influence of stage of lactation on test results. The test period enclosed the time from 8 weeks ante partum ( begin of dry period) to 36 weeks post partum. In another trial the glucose tolerance test was applied in 68 first lactation cows in the time from 2 to 7 days post partum. The test results were correlated to parameters of milk yield of the following lactation. The probands belong to two breeds (Friesian Dairy Cattle, SMR and Holstein-Friesian HF) The Parameters of glucose tolerance test show significant changes in the time from the dry period to the lactation cycle, which can be seen as a mean for supporting milk production. The glucose and insulin related parameters differ in their reaction in dependence on time of lactation. Back fat thickness as an parameter for body fat content shows a similar behaviour as insulin related parameters. In this context their were prooved significant correlation coefficients between parameters of milk yield and insulin function in the range from 0 3 to 0 6 But there were seen no relevant relations between glucose related parameters and milk yield datas. No substantial differences were established between the Friesian Dairy Cattle and Holstein-Friesian cows.

Nutrition: reproduction interactions in cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
I.A. Wright ◽  
A.R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Production System ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

In any cattle production system, reproductive performance is of central importance. The output from beef cow systems is calves, while lactation in the dairy cow is only achieved following parturition. On a world basis, the major cause of poor reproductive performance is inadequate nutrition, and in most cases this is represented by an inadequate energy supply, although in specific circumstances particular vitamin, mineral or disease problems can occur. This review considers how nutrition, and in particular energy nutrition may act via the endocrine system to influence reproductive performance in cows. The paper will consider the post-partum anoestrous period, fertilization and embryo mortality.

scholarly journals Effects of stocking density during the dry period on dairy cow physiology, metabolism and behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Fujiwara ◽  
Marie Haskell ◽  
Alastair Macrae ◽  
Kenny Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Energy Metabolites ◽  
Faecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Holstein Friesian

AbstractThe effects of high stocking density during the dry period on dairy cow physiology, behaviour and welfare were investigated. Holstein Friesian cows (n = 48, calving over a seven month period) were dried-off 60 ± 4 d before their expected calving date, and allocated to either high (H) or low (L) stocking density groups. Cows were housed in cubicles from dry-off to 21 d before calving and then moved to straw yards until calving. In cubicle pens, H and L cows had 0.5 vs. 1.0 feed yokes/cow and 1.0 vs. 1.5 cubicles/cow, respectively, and in straw yards, 0.3 m vs. 0.6 m linear feed-face space and 6 m2vs. 12 m2 lying space, respectively. Video observations of feeding behaviour during the 3 h after feed delivery (3 d/week) and agonistic interactions at the feed-face during peak feeding (2 d/week) were made. Daily lying proportion was measured using an accelerometer device throughout the dry period. Concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGCM) at dry-off, d7 and d35 after dry-off and d21 and d7 before calving and the change in energy metabolites (glucose, NEFA, BHB) from dry-off to d7 before calving were measured. H cows were less likely to start feeding within 5 min of feed delivery and spent less time feeding compared to L cows, but they engaged in displacements more frequently and spent more time standing in the feed alley. Irrespective of the treatment groups, FGCM concentrations significantly increased from dry-off to d7 after dry-off and remained higher during the dry period. Stocking density did not affect daily lying proportion, energy metabolites during the dry period and milk yield during subsequent lactation. This study found that whilst high stocking density during the dry period increased competition at the feed-face and altered feeding behaviour, it did not affect stress responses, energy metabolism or subsequent milk yield.

scholarly journals Productive and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian crossbred and indigenous cow under small holder farming system

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJA Mamun ◽  
MAS Khan ◽  
MAH Sarker ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was done to investigate the productive and reproductive performances of Holstein Friesian crossbred (HF) and indigenous (IG) cows. A total 131 dairy cows of two genetic groups as IG (117 heads) and HF (14 heads) were selected randomly. The study found that the average milk yield per day of HF and IG cows were 7.64±1.74 and 1.75±0.07 liters/day, respectively. The milk yield was found significantly (p<0.01) higher in HF cows than of IG cows. The lactation period of HF was significantly (p<0.05) higher than of IG cows. Age at first calving of IG cows was significantly (p<0.01) 4 months higher than HF cows. The number of service per conception was almost similar for HF and IG cows. Higher significant difference was found in Post-partum oestrus (p<0.05), dry period (p<0.01), calving intervals (p<0.01) of IG than HF cows. The gestation length of HF and IG cows was significantly indifferent. Above biological studies mentioned better productive and reproductive performance of HF cows than IG cows.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44 (3):166-170

Beziehungen zwischen peripartalem Stoffwechsel, Leistung sowie Morbidität bei Holstein-Friesian-Kalbinnen eines Bestandes und deren Nutzungsdauer

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
J. Gottschalk ◽  
A. Einspanier ◽  
L. Jäckel ◽  
M. Fürll ◽  
S. Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Klinische Relevanz ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie war, bei Kalbinnen die Beziehung zwischen peripartalem Stoffwechsel, Milchleistung, Fruchtbarkeit sowie Krankheiten und der späteren Nutzungsdauer (ND) zu prüfen. Material und Methoden: Es erfolgte eine retrograde Analyse von Befunden des peripartalen Stoffwechsels und Messwerten der Rückenfettdicke (RFD), die 2004 und 2005 in einem Holstein-Friesian-Milchkuhbestand erhoben worden waren. Anschließend wurden ND, Abgangs-, Fruchtbarkeits- und Milchleistungsdaten sowie Krankheiten der damaligen 207 Kalbinnen mithilfe des Herden-Bestandsprogramms ermittelt und mit den Laborbefunden ins Verhältnis gesetzt. Ergebnisse: Kalbinnen mit der kürzesten ND von < 12 Monaten hatten die signifikant (p < 0,0001) niedrigste Milchleistung. Die kürzeste ND von < 12 Monaten ging einher mit der signifikant (p < 0,0001) niedrigsten Östradiolkonzentration 3 Tage post partum (p. p.), der signifikant (p < 0,0001) geringsten Albuminkonzentration post partum und der signifikant (p < 0,0001) niedrigsten Cholesterolkonzentration 28 Tage ante partum (a. p.) sowie post partum. Ferner fanden sich bei Kalbinnen mit einer ND von < 12 Monaten tendenziell geringere RFD, tendenziell niedrigere Östradiolkonzentrationen 10 Tage a. p., eine tendenziell schlechtere Fruchtbarkeit (Besamungen/Tier) sowie ein gehäuftes Auftreten von Mastitiden, Totgeburten und Endometritiden. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die niedrigsten Albumin- und Cholesterolkonzentrationen der Kalbinnen mit der kürzesten ND von < 12 Monaten können auf eine ungenügende Futteraufnahme zurückzuführen sein. Die Östradiolkonzentration sinkt ebenfalls im Zustand des Energiemangels. Die niedrigen Östradiolkonzentrationen 10 Tage a. p. können zu den gehäuften Totgeburten solch kurzlebiger Kalbinnen führen, was wiederum die höhere Anzahl der klinischen Endometritiden bedingt. Auch die niedrige Milchleistung spricht für einen Energiemangel betreffender Tiere. Als Konsequenz daraus sollte für eine längere ND ein besonderes Augenmerk auf Kalbinnen im peripartalen Zeitraum gelegt werden, vor allem auf deren Futteraufnahme und Körperkondition.

Comparison of milk production, mastitis, lameness and days to conception of Brown Swiss, Holstein and Holstein cross Brown Swiss dairy cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
G Wellwood ◽  
J K Margerison
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Mastitis is a complex disease causing inflammation of the udder, which has been estimated to cost the dairy farmer between £40-£117/cow per year (Stott et al., 2002). Economic loss occurs as a result of discarded milk, reduced milk yield and milk quality, increased vet costs and an increase in replacement costs. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of breed on the incidence of mastitis and somatic cell counts and milk production capabilities of Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss and Brown Swiss crossbred cows.

scholarly journals Revisiting Cattle Temperament in Beef Cow-Calf Systems: Insights from Farmers’ Perceptions about an Autochthonous Breed

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Laura X. Estévez-Moreno ◽  
Genaro C. Miranda-de la Lama ◽  
Morris Villarroel ◽  
Laura García ◽  
José Alfonso Abecia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Human Safety ◽  
Speed Of Response ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Sensory Acuity

Understanding temperament is an important part of cattle production since undesirable temperament may cause serious problems associated with aggression, maternal care, and human safety. However, little is known about how farmers define or assess temperament, especially in autochthonous cattle breeds. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of farmers about the temperament of the Pyrenean cattle breed with special attention to beef cow-calf systems in Spain. The methodology used to obtain the information was focus group discussions (FGD). Farmers defined temperament as a behavioural response to challenging situations imposed by human handling. Specific terms used were related to active or passive reactions to fear (e.g., “strong”, “aggressive”, “nervous”, “fearful”). The speed of response to stimuli was also important. Female temperament was thought to become more docile with age while bull temperament was more variable. Maternal aggressiveness was highlighted as a potential human safety problem, but also desirable in an extensively bred animal who may need to defend calves against predators. Anatomical characteristics were seen as unreliable predictors of temperament, while behavioural indicators were more widely used, such as “alertness”, which was a general trait of the breed, and “gaze”, which, when associated with an alert expression, suggests a potential threat. Sensory acuity, such as sight and smell, were thought to be related with temperament in some FGDs but there was no overall agreement as to whether different behavioural responses were due to differences in sensory acuity. The results from the study could be useful during training programs or in the development of new genetic selection schemes and evaluation protocols involving cattle temperament.

scholarly journals Changes in Dairy Cow Behavior with and without Assistance at Calving

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Bethan Cavendish ◽  
John McDonagh ◽  
Georgios Tzimiropoulos ◽  
Kimberley R. Slinger ◽  
Zoë J. Huggett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Time Periods

The aim of this study was to characterize calving behavior of dairy cows and to compare the duration and frequency of behaviors for assisted and unassisted dairy cows at calving. Behavioral data from nine hours prior to calving were collected for 35 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Cows were continuously monitored under 24 h video surveillance. The behaviors of standing, lying, walking, shuffle, eating, drinking and contractions were recorded for each cow until birth. A generalized linear mixed model was used to assess differences in the duration and frequency of behaviors prior to calving for assisted and unassisted cows. The nine hours prior to calving was assessed in three-hour time periods. The study found that the cows spent a large proportion of their time either lying (0.49) or standing (0.35), with a higher frequency of standing (0.36) and shuffle (0.26) bouts than other behaviors during the study. There were no differences in behavior between assisted and unassisted cows. During the three-hours prior to calving, the duration and bouts of lying, including contractions, were higher than during other time periods. While changes in behavior failed to identify an association with calving assistance, the monitoring of behavioral patterns could be used as an alert to the progress of parturition.

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