MULTICHARME: A modified Chernin-type multi-pass cell designed for IR and THz long-path absorption measurements in the CHARME atmospheric simulation chamber

Abstract. We have developed MULTICHARME, a modified Chernin-type multi-pass cell especially designed for IR and THz long-path absorption measurements in the CHamber for Atmospheric Reactivity and Metrology of the Environment (CHARME). By measuring the output power using a near-IR diode-laser and a THz amplified multiplication chain, we have established that the effective reflectivity of MULTICHARME is better than 94 % over approximately three decades of frequency. Absorption measurements of N2O have been performed by probing highly excited rovibrational transitions in the near-IR and ground state rotational transitions at submillimetre wavelengths. In each case the linearity of the absorbance with the pathlengths was verified. Finally, we demonstrate that THz spectroscopy is able to study the isotopic composition of greenhouse polar gases such as N2O and to absolutely quantify stable (N2O) and reactive (O3) species at trace levels. Moreover, a THz monitoring at low pressure of the ozone decay in the chamber has been performed. The deduced ozone lifetime of 3.4 ± 0.1 h is shorter compared with previous measurements performed in CHARME at atmospheric pressure. For the first time, the ability of THz rotational spectroscopy to monitor, with a very high degree of selectivity, stable and reactive polar compounds at trace level in an atmospheric simulation chamber is demonstrated. However, the sensitivity of the THz monitoring needs to be improved to reach the atmospheric trace levels. For this purpose, it is necessary to figure out the baseline variations as well as possible induced by the multiple standing waves present in MULTICHARME.

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Inventory of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery (1615): An Experience of Using Spectrosonal Visualization to Reconstruct the History of the Text

Herald of an Archivist ◽

10.28995/2073-0101-2021-3-651-664 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 651-664

Author(s):

Evgeny A. Lyakhovitskii ◽

Keyword(s):

Visible Region ◽

Wavelength Region ◽

Main Text ◽

Additional Information ◽

Near Ir ◽

Color Differences ◽

History Of ◽

High Degree ◽

First Time ◽

Made In

The article describes the results of a codicological study of the Inventory of the Kirillo-Belozersky (St. Cyrill of Beloozero) Monastery (1615). The main codicological problem for the researchers posed by this monument is its numerous and asynchronical edits. It is possible to identify edit layers by studying the ink by means of spectrosonal imaging in near-IR wavelength region of the spectrum. This method is based on the property of inks (except those with a carbon base) to acquire transparency beyond the visible region of the spectrum (after 700 nm). As additional information, visually observed (in natural indirect daylight) color differences between inks have been used, as well as color estimation using a digital portable microscope Dinolite with Dinoscope software. As a result of the study, the main stages of work on the Inventory have been established. A significant part of the marginalia are in the same ink and handwriting as the main text: brown, with moderate transparency in near-IR wavelength region. Thus, the text was probably supplemented in the course of creation. This edit was accompanied by the text on the insert sheets made in ink that is slightly translucent in the IR region of the spectrum and has a dark brown color. The same ink was used in the main text of the manuscript. When the main text was rewritten in 1616-1617, it was compiled in a codex and significantly revised for the first time. The marker of this revision stage is light brown and yellowish-brown ink with high degree of transparency in IR wavelength region of the spectrum. In addition to the editing, the notebooks are numbered in the same light brown ink. The edit of this layer mainly included clarifications to the items description. The next significant revision of the inventory text, marked with brown ink that has low transparent in the IR wavelength region of the spectrum, refers to the period after July 22, 1621. Most of these edits, as well as the earlier ones, were devoted to clarifying descriptions, to clarifying location of objects, and to describing the monastery’s acquisitions and losses. Apparently, the later stage of editing is associated with the use of gray-brown ink, similar in spectral behavior to the ink of the main text. The record of the contribution of Prince Khvorostinin made in 1622–23 was written in this ink.

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A High Angle, Double Tilting Cold Stage for the AEI EM7

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052262 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 450-451

Author(s):

P.R. Swann ◽

A.E. Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Habit Plane ◽

Temperature Control ◽

Tilt Angle ◽

Cooling System ◽

Thermal Drift ◽

High Angle ◽

Cold Stage ◽

High Degree ◽

Better Than

Figure 1 shows the design of a specimen stage used for the in situ observation of phase transformations in the temperature range between ambient and −160°C. The design has the following features a high degree of specimen stability during tilting linear tilt actuation about two orthogonal axes for accurate control of tilt angle read-out high angle tilt range for stereo work and habit plane determination simple, robust construction temperature control of better than ±0.5°C minimum thermal drift and transmission of vibration from the cooling system.

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Genetic Diversity of Basil (Ocimum spp. - Lamiaceae) Based on RAPD Markers and Volatile Oil Constituents

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.492f ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 492f-493

Author(s):

Roberto F. Vieira ◽

James E. Simon ◽

Peter Goldsbrough ◽

Antonio Figueira

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

The Tropics ◽

High Degree ◽

First Time

Essential oils extracted from basil (Ocimum spp.) by steam distillation are used to flavor foods, oral products, in fragrances, and in traditional medicines. The genus Ocimum contains around 30 species native to the tropics and subtropics, with some species naturalized and/or cultivated in temperate areas. Interand intraspecific hybridization have created significant confusion in the botanical systematics of this genus. Taxonomy of basil (O. basilicum) is also complicated by the existence of numerous varieties, cultivars, and chemotypes within the species that do not differ significantly in morphology. In this study we are using RAPD markers and volatile oil composition to characterize the genetic diversity among the most economically important Ocimum species. We hypothesize that the genetic similarity revealed by molecular markers will more accurately reflect the morphological and chemical differences in Ocimum than essential oil composition per se. Preliminary research using five Ocimum species, four undetermined species, and eight varieties of O. basilicum (a total of 19 accessions) generated 107 polymorphic fragments amplified with 19 primers. RAPDs are able to discriminate between Ocimum species, but show a high degree of similarity between O. basilicum varieties. The genetic distance between nine species and among 55 accessions within the species O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. campechianum, O. × citriodorum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharium, O. minimum, O. selloi, and O. tenuiflorum will be analyzed by matrix of similarity and compared to the volatile oil profile. This research will for the first time apply molecular markers to characterize the genetic diversity of Ocimum associate with volatile oil constituent.

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Advertising Media Impact in Consumer Buying Behavior

Journal of Balkumari College ◽

10.3126/jbkc.v8i0.29310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 54-56

Author(s):

Ashmita Dahal Chhetri

Keyword(s):

Consumer Behavior ◽

Young Male ◽

Electronic Media ◽

Buying Behavior ◽

Media Impact ◽

High Degree ◽

The Impact ◽

Buying Behaviors ◽

The Relationship ◽

Better Than

Advertisements have been used for many years to influence the buying behaviors of the consumers. Advertisements are helpful in creating the awareness and perception among the customers of a product. This particular research was conducted on the 100 young male and female who use different brands of product to check the influence of advertisement on their buying behavior while creating the awareness and building the perceptions. Correlation, regression and other statistical tools were used to identify the relationship between these variables. The results revealed that the relationship between media and consumer behavior is positive. The adve1tising impact on sales and there is positive and high degree relationship between advertising and consumer behavior. The impact on advertising of a product of electronic media is better than non-electronic media.

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Effect of Antibacterial Root Canal Sealer on Persistent Apical Periodontitis

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 741

Author(s):

Zheng Wang ◽

Ge Yang ◽

Biao Ren ◽

Yuan Gao ◽

Xian Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Therapeutic Effect ◽

Root Canal ◽

Apical Periodontitis ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canal Sealer ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

First Time ◽

Cone Beam Computer Tomography ◽

Better Than

The infection of Enterococcus faecalis and its interacting microorganisms in the root canal could cause persistent apical periodontitis (AP). Antibacterial root canal sealer has favorable prospects to inhibit biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigated the antibacterial effect of root canal sealer containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) on persistent AP in beagle dogs for the first time. Persistent AP was established by a two-step infection with Enterococcus faecalis and multi-bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomycesnaeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii). Root canal sealer containing DMADDM (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%) was used to complete root canal filling. The volume of lesions and inflammatory grade in the apical area were evaluated by cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Both Enterococcus-faecalis- and multi-bacteria-induced persistent AP caused severe apical destruction, and there were no significant differences in pathogenicity between them. DMADDM-modified sealer significantly reduced the volume of periapical lesion and inflammatory grade compared with the control group, among them, the therapeutic effect of the 2.5% group was better than the 1.25% group. In addition, E.faecalis-induced reinfection was more sensitive to the 2.5% group than multi-bacteria reinfection. This study shows that root canal sealer containing DMADDM had a remarkable therapeutic effect on persistent AP, especially on E. faecalis-induced reinfection.

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CPC2 Reduction with Hipparcos and Proper Motions in The Southern Hemisphere

Highlights of Astronomy ◽

10.1017/s153929960002205x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 551-551

Author(s):

N. Zacharias ◽

M.I. Zacharias ◽

C. de Vegt ◽

C.A. Murray

Keyword(s):

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Systematic Errors ◽

Reference Star ◽

Proper Motions ◽

Positional Accuracy ◽

Star Catalog ◽

Naval Observatory ◽

Celestial Reference System ◽

First Time ◽

Better Than

The Second Cape Photographic Catalog (CPC2) contains 276,131 stars covering the entire Southern Hemisphere in a 4-fold overlap pattern. Its mean epoch is 1968, which makes it a key catalog for proper motions. A new reduction of the 5687 plates using on average 40 Hipparcos stars per plate has resulted in a vastly improved catalog with a positional accuracy of about 40 mas (median value) per coordinate, which comes very close to the measuring precision. In particular, for the first time systematic errors depending on magnitude and color can be solved unambiguously and have been removed from the catalog. In combination with the Tycho Catalogue (mean epoch 1991.25) and the upcoming U.S. Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC) project proper motions better than 2 mas/yr can be obtained. This will lead to a vastly improved reference star catalog in the Southern Hemisphere for the final Astrographic Catalogue (AC) reductions, which will then provide propermotions for millions of stars when combined with new epoch data. These data then will allow an uncompromised reduction of the southern Schmidt surveys on the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS).

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Deciphering the effects of kosmotrope and chaotrope salts during aqueous two phase extraction (ATPE) of polyphenolic compounds and glycoalkaloids from the leaves of a nutraceutical plant, Solanum retroflexum, with the aid of UPLC-QTOF-MS

Applied Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13765-021-00603-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tebogo Mokgehle ◽

Ntakadzeni Madala ◽

Wilson Gitari ◽

Nikita Tavengwa

Keyword(s):

Polar Compounds ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Polyphenolic Compounds ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Two Phase ◽

Solanum Retroflexum ◽

Chaotropic Salts ◽

Almost All ◽

First Time ◽

Aqueous Two Phase Extraction

AbstractSolanum plants (Solanaceae) are renowned source of nutraceuticals and have widely been explored for their phytochemical constituents. This work investigated the effects of kosmotropic and chaotropic salts on the number of phytochemicals extracted from the leaves of a nutraceutical plant, Solanum retroflexum, and analyzed on the ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS) detector. Here, a total of 20 different compounds were putatively characterized. The majority of the identified compounds were polyphenols and glycoalkaloids. Another compound, caffeoyl malate was identified for the first time in this plant. Glycoalkaloids such as solanelagnin, solamargine, solasonine, β-solanine (I) and β-solanine (II) were found to be extracted by almost all the salts used herein. Kosmotrope salts, overall, were more efficient in extracting polar compounds with 4 more polyphenolic compounds extracted compared to the chaotropes. Chaotropes were generally more selective for the extraction of less polar compounds (glycoalkaloids) with 3 more extracted than the kosmotropes. The chaotrope and the kosmotrope that extracted the most metabolites were NaCl and Na2SO4, respectively, with 12 metabolites extracted for each salt. This work demonstrated that a comprehensive metabolome of S. retroflexum, more than what was previously reported on the same plant, can be achieved by application of kosmotropes and chaotropes as extractants with the aid of the Aqueous Two Phase Extraction approach. The best-performing salts, Na2SO4 or NaCl, could potentially be applied on a commercial scale, to meet the ever-growing demand of the studied metabolites. The Aqueous Two Phase Extraction technique was found to be efficient in simultaneous extraction of multiple metabolites which can be applied in metabolomics.

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Investigation of Solubility Behavior of Canagliflozin Hydrate Crystals Combining Crystallographic and Hirshfeld Surface Calculations

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Yefen Zhu ◽

Yanlei Kang ◽

Ling Zhu ◽

Kaxi Yu ◽

Shuai Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Intermolecular Forces ◽

Hirshfeld Surface ◽

Reversible Inhibitor ◽

Solubility Behavior ◽

Hydrogen Bond Networks ◽

Solvent Molecules ◽

First Time ◽

Better Than

Canagliflozin (CG) was a highly effective, selective and reversible inhibitor of sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter 2 developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The crystal structure of CG monohydrate (CG-H2O) was reported for the first time while CG hemihydrate (CG-Hemi) had been reported in our previous research. Solubility and dissolution rate results showed that the solubility of CG-Hemi was 1.4 times higher than that of CG-H2O in water and hydrochloric acid solution, and the dissolution rates of CG-Hemi were more than 3 folds than CG-H2O in both solutions. Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that CG-H2O had stronger intermolecular forces than CG-Hemi, and water molecules in CG-H2O participated three hydrogen bonds, forming hydrogen bond networks. These crystal structure features might make it more difficult for solvent molecules to dissolve CG-H2O than CG-Hemi. All these analyses might explain why the dissolution performance of CG-Hemi was better than CG-H2O. This work provided an approach to predict the dissolution performance of the drug based on its crystal structure.

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Characterization of SrBi2Nb2O9 Thin Films Prepared by Sol Gel Technique

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-459-213 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 459 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

E. Ching-Prado ◽

W. Pérez ◽

A. Reynés-Figueroa ◽

R. S. Katiyar ◽

D. Ravichandran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Raman Band ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Orthorhombic Symmetry ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Gel Technique ◽

High Degree ◽

First Time

ABSTRACTThin films of SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) with thicknesses of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 μ were grown by Sol-gel technique on silicon, and annealed at 650°C. The SBN films were investigated by Raman scatering for the first time. Raman spectra in some of the samples present bands around 60, 167, 196, 222, 302, 451, 560, 771, 837, and 863 cm−1, which correspond to the SBN formation. The study indicates that the films are inhomogeneous, and only in samples with thicknesses 0.4 μ the SBN material was found in some places. The prominent Raman band around 870 cm−1, which is the A1g mode of the orthorhombic symmetry, is assigned to the symmetric stretching of the NbO6 octahedrals. The frequency of this band is found to shift in different places in the same sample, as well as from sample to sample. The frequency shifts and the width of the Raman bands are discussed in term of ions in non-equilibrium positions. FT-IR spectra reveal a sharp peak at 1260 cm−1, and two broad bands around 995 and 772 cm−1. The bandwidths of the latter two bands are believed to be associated with the presence of a high degree of defects in the films. The experimental results of the SBN films are compared with those obtained in SBT (T=Ta) films. X-ray diffraction and SEM techniques are also used for the structural characterization.

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Research of the Workpiece-Stage Control System Based on the ACR9000 in the Composite Coating Equipment of MEVVAII and FAD

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.410 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 668 ◽

pp. 410-414

Author(s):

Rui Xia Zhang ◽

Bin Liao ◽

Zhi Guo Liu ◽

Xian Ying Wu

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Servo Control ◽

Uniform Rotation ◽

Coating Films ◽

Servo Control System ◽

Motion Modes ◽

Speed Rotation ◽

Micro Tools ◽

First Time ◽

Better Than

In order to realize the extensive application of technologies of MEVVAII and FAD, the composite equipment has been developed for surface modification and coating films. In this paper, for the first time, the servo control system based on ACR9000 has been used to control workpiece-stage of the composite equipment. Eight target disks are installed on workpiece-stage. Each of target disks can be mounted about 1300 PCB micro tools. So, the equipment can satisfy the requirement for mass production. Experimental results show that the coating unevenness is less than ±14%, better than those of traditional equipments which is less than ±29%. The main purpose of the paper is to introduce the design of workpiece-stage and its three motion modes of rotary positioning, uniform rotation and variable speed rotation, and coating effects corresponding to three motion modes have been verified by experiments.

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