Temporal trends reconstruction, current and past fluxes estimation and source identification of an industrial lead (Pb) contamination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gardes ◽  
Maxime Debret ◽  
Yoann Copard ◽  
Alexandra Coynel ◽  
Matthieu Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
Seine Estuary ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Trace Metal Elements ◽  
High Concentrations

<p>The majority of rivers worldwide are contaminated by various trace metal elements (TME) from different anthropogenic origins. Even if anthropogenic impacts are sometimes very old (e.g. Roman era), many studies agree that these impacts have been much more significant since 150 years and the beginning of industrial revolution. Anthropogenic inputs in particulate form, TME being adsorbed on Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), from various sources can be transported through the watershed depending on hydraulic conditions, which can be lead to storage of these SPM in depositional zones (e.g. reservoirs behind dams, flood plains, ponds). These stored sediments, defined as legacy sediments, are considered as testimonies of past anthropogenic activities and reflect the trajectory of the studied watershed.</p><p>In major European watersheds Pb levels generally exhibit a similar temporal trends (with high concentrations during the 1940-1970s). The temporal trends of Pb in the Eure River Watershed (Normandie, France), the main tributary of the Seine Estuary, was reconstructed from sediment cores sampled in ponds located downstream of the watershed. Pb concentrations variations along the sediment cores were not correlated with grain size and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) variations. Unlike the major European watersheds, the Eure River, showed stable levels until the 1990-2000s, when Pb concentrations have increased significantly and reached a maximum of 859 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>. Despite a decrease in concentrations during the 2010s, Pb contents for recent sediments deposits showed concentrations significantly higher (> 200 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) than the local geochemical background, estimated at 10.6 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>.</p><p>Lead concentrations on SPM collected monthly with a Time-Integrated Mass-flux Sediments Samplers (TIMS Sampler) in 2017-2018 also showed high concentrations, whose monthly variations were not correlated with the hydro-sedimentary behaviour of the river resulting of non-natural inputs. </p><p>The current particular Pb fluxes estimated for the year 2017 would be the equivalent of 16 % of the total Pb inputs to the Seine Estuary. Theoretical past Pb fluxes have been estimated annually from the Pb concentrations in sediment cores. These estimations showed that during the 1990s, Pb fluxes represented more than 50 % of the total Pb inputs to the estuary and therefore the Eure River watershed was the main Pb contributor to the estuary.</p><p>Lead isotopes ratios confirmed the existence of an additional anthropogenic source, whose signature were more significant during the 1990-2000s. Three-isotope diagram (<sup>208</sup>Pb/<sup>206</sup>Pb vs <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb) showed that the main source of Pb releases presented an industrial signature. The Pb additional releases have thus been linked with a cathode-ray tubes factory which started operating in 1956 and whose the production has been increased from 1990 to 2000s. The end of industrial activity in the late 2000s did not allow to a return to low concentrations, as evidenced by Pb concentrations in recent sediment deposits and SPM, and this likely related to Pb contaminated soils surroundings this factory and Pb contaminated sediments stored in the riverbanks and channel, which fed the river in Pb during erosion processes.</p>

scholarly journals Ecological Risk Assessment Of Heavy Metals In Sediments Of A Riverine Wetland, Huaihe River Watershed, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hezhong Yuan ◽  
Wei Pan ◽  
Zhengjie Zhu ◽  
Ying Wei ◽  
Qifang Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Huaihe River ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Riverine Wetland

Abstract The concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in sediment cores collected from a representative riverine wetland located in the Huaihe River watershed, China, dramaticlly increased from the bottom to upper layer of the cores. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) and enrichment factor (EF) suggested that heavy metals might primarily have been derived from the inflow of contaminated water from an industrial park and agricultural region. Component 1 of the PCA was dominated by Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd, and Pb, while Component 2 was dominated by As. Metals’ high concentrations and EF values showed that the anthropogenic pollutants have increased sharply in recent years and reflect the continuous development of industry and agriculture in the region of the wetland, with a corresponding dramatic deterioration of the environment due to constant effluent of pollutants. Cd exerted the highest potential ecological risk of individual metals of sediment cores. Additionally, integrated RI values for all metals indicated that sediments possessed low ecological risk from the bottom to about 6 cm depth of the cores, moderate ecological risk from about 5 cm depth upwards, then considerable ecological risk from 4 cm depth to the top layer of the sediment cores, which demonstrates a continuous deterioration of environmental quality in recent years in this region.

scholarly journals Assessment of PCB trajectories along French river corridors between 1945 and 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André-Marie Dendievel ◽  
Brice Mourier ◽  
Alexandra Coynel ◽  
Olivier Evrard ◽  
Pierre Labadie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Seine River ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Accidental Releases ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Valley

<p>The reconstruction and modelling of contamination trajectories in rivers is a key concern to investigate spatio-temporal impacts of long-term anthropogenic activities. This issue is highly significant for persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), known for their toxicity, their low degradation rates and their hydrophobic properties leading to their accumulation in sediments and biota. Increasingly produced and released worldwide from the 1930s to the 1970-1980s, PCBs were analysed in numerous studies dealing with river sediment quality. However, data syntheses are uncommon at the scale of large hydrosystems, and source-to-estuary approaches along rivers are still needed. Accordingly, we propose an original work integrating PCBs analyses on different solid matrices (sediment cores, bed and flood deposits, suspended particulate matters, and dredged sediments) originating from both research programmes and monitoring. Based on more than 1400 validated analyses, temporal trends of the PCB contamination were reconstructed since 1945 along the four main fluvial corridors in France (Rhône, Seine, Loire and Garonne Rivers). The relationships with socio-environmental factors were also deciphered by integrating hydrological and human spatio-temporal data (cumulative river discharge, population hot spots, urban and industrial surfaces). This work highlighted that the main contaminant trends were driven by regulation, but also by sediment transport and accidental releases (especially since the 1990s). In general, urban and industrial areas were the main contributors to the PCB contamination of rivers: around and downstream of Paris and Rouen (Seine River), Lyon and its “Chemical Valley” (Rhône River), Saint-Etienne and Nantes conurbations (Loire River), and probably downstream of Toulouse and Bordeaux (Garonne River). Relatively high concentrations persisted after the end of the PCB production due to chronic diffuse inputs and accidental releases, particularly on the Rhône River. Moreover, the estimation of specific fluxes revealed that up to 12 µg/m²/yr (i.e. 0.9 t/yr on average) of PCBs were brought by French rivers, especially by the Rhône, Seine and Loire Rivers (ranked in order of importance) to Western European seas since the 1970s.</p>

Distribution of Mercury in Lake St. Clair and the St. Clair River Sediments

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Mudroch ◽  
K. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Sediment cores were collected in Lake St. Clair in 1985 and in the St. Clair River in 1986 to investigate the horizontal and vertical distribution and association of Hg in the sediments. A layer of recent sediment up to about 35 cm thick was differentiated by the geochemical composition and visual appearance from the underlying glacial-lacustrine deposits. The concentration of Hg in the surficial sediments in Lake St. Clair was lower in 1985 (<0.025 to 1.200 µg/g) than that found in 1974 (<0.20 to 3.00 µg/g). Up to 8.30 µg/g of Hg were found in the sediments collected from the nearshore area at Sarnia, Ontario, in the St. Clair River in 1986. The concentrations of Hg ranged from 5.05 to 16.00 µg/g in different sand-sized fractions (0.063 to 0.350 mm) of the sediment. The concentration of Hg was 17.80 µg/g in the silt-clay size fraction (<0.063 mm). No relationship was found between the concentration of organic matter and Hg, and the concentration of silica and Hg in the St. Clair River sediments. The results indicated a relationship of Hg with particles of different mineralogical composition. Up to 3.72 µg/g Hg was found in the surface sediment in Chenal Ecarte. The greatest concentration of Hg (13.15 µg/g) existed in the 0.350 mm particle size fraction, which consisted mainly of small pieces of decaying wood. A good relationship was found between the concentration of Hg and organic matter in the sediment at this area.

scholarly journals The Sustainable Production of a Novel Laccase from Wheat Bran by Bordetella sp. JWO16: Toward a Total Environment

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
John Onolame Unuofin
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Agroindustrial Residue

Laccase is increasingly adopted in diverse industrial and environmental applications, due to its readily accessible requirements for efficient catalytic synthesis and biotransformation of chemicals. However, it is perceived that its industrial production might incur some unfavorable overhead, which leads to expensive market products, and the corresponding negative environmental feedback, due to the use of capital-intensive and precarious chemicals. To this end, this study was designed to evaluate the performance indicators of the valorization of wheat bran by a novel Jb1b laccase and its subsequent application in waste minimization and water management, on a laboratory scale. Optimal Jb1b laccase was produced in submerged fermentation medium containing wheat bran, an agroindustrial residue, through response surface methodology (RSM) algorithm, and was applied in dye decolorization and denim bioscouring, respectively. Results showed that the resultant enzyme manifested unique biochemical properties, such as enhanced tolerance at certain physicochemical conditions, with a residual activity of at least ca. 76%. Furthermore, phenomenally high concentrations of synthetic dyes (0.2% w v−1) were decolorized over 56 h, and a 6 h mediator-supported simultaneous denim bleaching and decolorization of wash effluent was observed. The sustainability of the production and application processes were inferred from the reusability of the fermentation sludge as a potential biofertilizer, with subsequent prospects for the biostimulation and bioaugmentation of contaminated soils, whereas the decolorized water could be adopted for other uses, amongst which horticulture and forestry are typical examples. These phenomena therefore authenticate the favorable environmental feedbacks and overhead realized in this present study.

scholarly journals Environmental DNA preserved in marine sediment for detecting jellyfish blooms after a tsunami

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Ogata ◽  
Reiji Masuda ◽  
Hiroya Harino ◽  
Masayuki K. Sakata ◽  
Makoto Hatakeyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Tank Experiment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
One Year

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) can be a powerful tool for detecting the distribution and abundance of target species. This study aimed to test the longevity of eDNA in marine sediment through a tank experiment and to use this information to reconstruct past faunal occurrence. In the tank experiment, juvenile jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) were kept in flow-through tanks with marine sediment for two weeks. Water and sediment samples from the tanks were collected after the removal of fish. In the field trial, sediment cores were collected in Moune Bay, northeast Japan, where unusual blooms of jellyfish (Aurelia sp.) occurred after a tsunami. The samples were analyzed by layers to detect the eDNA of jellyfish. The tank experiment revealed that after fish were removed, eDNA was not present in the water the next day, or subsequently, whereas eDNA was detectable in the sediment for 12 months. In the sediment core samples, jellyfish eDNA was detected at high concentrations above the layer with the highest content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, reflecting tsunami-induced oil spills. Thus, marine sediment eDNA preserves a record of target species for at least one year and can be used to reconstruct past faunal occurrence.

Millennial scale variability of denudation rates for the last 15 kyr inferred from the detrital 10Be record of Lake Stappitz in the Hohe Tauern massif, Austrian Alps

The Holocene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1914-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reto Grischott ◽  
Florian Kober ◽  
Maarten Lupker ◽  
Juergen M Reitner ◽  
Ruth Drescher-Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Climatic Forcing ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Austrian Alps ◽  
Denudation Rates ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Flooding Events

Reconstructing paleo-denudation rates over Holocene timescales in an Alpine catchment provides a unique opportunity to isolate the climatic forcing of denudation from other tectonic or anthropogenic effects. Cosmogenic 10Be on two sediment cores from Lake Stappitz (Austrian Alps) were measured yielding a 15-kyr-long catchment-averaged denudation record of the upstream Seebach Valley. The persistence of a lake at the outlet of the valley fixed the baselevel, and the high mean elevation minimizes anthropogenic impacts. The 10Be record indicates a decrease in the proportion of paraglacial sediments from 15 to 7 kyr cal. BP after which the 10Be concentrations are considered to reflect hillslope erosion and thus can be converted to denudation rates. These ones significantly fluctuated over this time period: lower hillslope erosion rates of ca. 0.4 mm/year dated between 5 and 7 kyr cal. BP correlate with a stable climate, sparse flooding events and elevated temperatures that favoured the widespread growth of stabilizing soils and vegetation. Higher hillslope erosion rates of ca. 0.8 mm/year over the last ~4 kyr correlate with a variable, cooler climate where frequent flooding events enhance denudation of less protected hillslopes. Overall, our results suggest a tight coupling of climate and hillslope erosion in alpine landscapes as it has been observed in other parts of the Alps.

scholarly journals The potentional of plants to cleanup metals from an old landfill site

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Jani ◽  
Charlotte Marchand ◽  
William Hogland
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Group Company ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability

Old landfill sites contain different hazardous materials like heavy metals which have the ability to affects the entire environment. These places are sometimes covered by plants to increase the stability of the soil and to reduce the effects of erosion. 15 soil samples (3 samples from each place) and 5-7 timothy-grass (Phleum pretense) plants from 5 different places were taken from an old landfill place in an active landfill site in Högbytorp /Sweden owned by Ragn-sells Group Company. XRF scanning was used to analyze the metal content of soil samples and of plants. High concentrations of metals were detected in the soil samples like Fe with an average of about 25000 ppm, Mn about 250 ppm and 2800 ppm of Ti. The plants results showed an average concentration of Fe in the shoots about 730 ppm, Mn about 60 ppm and Ti about 1760 ppm. On the other hand, the roots results showed an average concentration of about 10 000 ppm of Fe, about 160 ppm of Mn and 2200 ppm of Ti. These results gave the indication that the Timothy-grass has the ability to extract metals from contaminated soils and can help to cleanup these soils.

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