Role of support practices for minimizing the vulnerability of land degradation in sub-tropical India: positive and negative impacts on land resources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabin Chakrabortty ◽  
Subodh Chandra Pal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Structural Measures ◽  
Support Practices

<p>In the period of globalization, India a subtropical region, presently facing the acute problem of land degradation and it has severe impact on earth ecosystem as well as economy in defectively. Where India is a most populated agricultural based country, need a large volume of food grain production to control starvation condition with balancing between the need of the population and production yield. Though the conversion of fallow and forest cover area to agricultural land is increasing day by day but due to the people’s daily needs and rapid growth of settlement is capturing productive land and ultimately amount of agricultural land remains in static. Thus, such consequent processes are declining soil fertility and land degradation have been witnessed in different forms of erosion as like sheet, rills, gullies, ravines etc. with the passage of time non tillage farming practices are accreting by replacing the tillage farming for maximizing the rate of production which causes the large scale soil erosion and make a source of sedimentation. The government and local stakeholders are already taken some initiatives for reduction of land degradation by some support practices with considering both structural and non-structural measures. The structural measures especially the engineering construction (check dam, percolation tank etc.) are installed or constructed without considering eco-centric approach.</p><p>The current research work has focused the light to evaluate the positive and negative impact of support practices on land resources. This study is mainly conducted on the basis of empirical field observation in different parts of the India. For reducing the rate of soil erosion, the plantation programme has been initiated and still going on as an accepted scheme. This valuable programme has been committed through the plantation of traditional vegetation and external species (Acacia auriculiformis, Eucalyptus globulus). The introduction of external species which are not only changing the properties of soil but also demolishing the soil fertility and soil moisture to cause land degradation. The local administrations are providing this type of external species for plantation programme without making the consciousness about the heath of environment.</p><p><strong>Key Words</strong>: subtropical region; conversion of fallow; land degradation; structural measures; plantation programme</p>

Spatial-based assessment of land use, soil erosion, and water protection in the Jeneberang valley, Indonesia

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumbangan Baja ◽  
Muhamad Ramli ◽  
Syamsul Lias
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
Analytical Procedures

AbstractSoil erosion by water is considered as one of the most significant forms of land degradation that affects sustained productivity of agricultural land use and water quality. It is influenced by a considerable number of factors (including climate, soil, topography, land use and types of land management), so that the information on the spatial distribution of soil erosion rate and its related effects can be effectively employed as a baseline data for land use development and water protection. The principal aim of this study is three-fold: (i) to map existing land use; (ii) to assess and map the spatial distribution of average annual rate of soil losses in the study area; (iii) to evaluate spatial matching between existing and proposed land use including a distance analysis from the water body (the Bili-Bili Dam). An analytical procedures used, respectively, include supervised classification of satellite imagery, application of RUSLE (Revised USLE), and overlay analysis in a raster GIS environment, utilising available information in the region covering some parts of Jeneberang catchment, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results suggest that the outputs of this study can be used for the identification of land units on a cell-basis with different land use types, rate of soil loss, inconsistency between proposed and planned land use, as well as the threat of land degradation to the main river and the dam. The analytical procedures developed in this research may be useful in other areas, particularly in the studies related to the assessment and mapping of land use and erosion for the importance of sustainable land use at a relatively large area.

scholarly journals Consolidation of agricultural land, as a factor maintaining and improving soil cover of the Azerbaijan Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
T. N. Nizamzade
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The purpose of our research is to study the state of the soil cover of peasant farms, and to establish the cause of the decline in soil fertility, the land used by them in their farms. The preservation and improvement of the soil cover, therefore, and the basic vital resources in the conditions of intensification of agricultural production, industrial development, rapid growth of cities and transport is possible only with well-established control over the use of all types of soil and land resources. The object of the study was the soil cover on the territory of farms of the Republic, with certain natural conditions and a specific type of economic development. The data obtained as a result of research on the state of the soil cover reflect the General pattern of development of land degradation throughout the territory of farms, due to uncontrolled use of land resources. In the article, the sizes of land shares of farms of the Republic which in our opinion are one of the main reasons of decrease in soil fertility of lands of agricultural purpose are considered. At the moment, there is no current legislation in Azerbaijan that could regulate the consolidation of agricultural land and prevent further unjustified fragmentation of land plots. The author in the work proposes a method of land management on a voluntary basis to carry out land consolidation. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time on the territory of the Republic to solve the problems associated with the deterioration of soil cover on the lands of farms, it is proposed to consolidate the lands of small farms into larger landholdings. As consolidation of lands in these farms will create for their owners an opportunity to unite the efforts in carrying out Agro complex actions in fight against deterioration of soil fertility.

scholarly journals Analysis of Farmers’ Perception on the Impact of Land Degradation Hazard on Agricultural Land Productivity in Jeldu District in West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Samuel Saguye
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Community Knowledge ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
The Impact

Land degradation is increasing in severity and extent in many parts of the world. Success in arresting land degradation entails an improved understanding of its causes, process, indicators and impacts. Various scientific methodologies have been employed to assess land degradation globally. However, the use of local community knowledge in elucidating the causes, process, indicators and effects of land degradation has seen little application by scientists and policy makers. Land degradation may be a physical process, but its underlying causes are firmly rooted in the socio-economic, political and cultural environment in which land users operate. Analyzing the root causes and effects of land degradation from local community knowledge, perception and adapting strategies perspective will provide information that is essential for designing and promoting sustainable land management practices. The main objective of this study was to analyze the perceptions of farmers’ on the impact of land degradation hazard on agricultural land productivity decline associated with soil erosion and fertility loss. The study used a multistage sampling procedure to select sample respondent households. The sample size of the study was 120 household heads and 226 farm plots managed by these farmers. The primary data of the study were collected by using semi-structured Interview, focus group discussions and field observation. Both descriptive statistics and econometric techniques were used for data analysis. Descriptive results show that 57percent of the respondents were perceived the severity and its consequence on agricultural land productivity. The following indicators of soil erosion and fertility loss were generally perceived and observed by farmers’ in the study area: gullies formations, soil accumulation around clumps of vegetation, soil deposits on gentle slopes, exposed roots, muddy water, sedimentation in streams and rivers, change in vegetation species, increased runoff, and reduced rooting depth. The direct human activities which were perceived to be causing land degradation in the study area include: deforestation and clearing of vegetation, overgrazing, steep slope cultivation and continuous cropping. The farmers’ possibility of perceiving the impact of land degradation hazard on agricultural land productivity was primarily determined by institutional, psychological, demographic and by bio-physical factors. Farmers who perceive their land as deteriorating and producing less than desired, tend to adopt improved land management practices. On the other hand, farmers who perceive their land to be fertile tend to have low adoption of conservation practices. In order to overcome this land degradation and its consequent effects, the study recommended a need for the government to enforce effective policies to control and prevent land degradation and these policies should be community inclusive /participatory founded up on indigenous and age-honored knowledge and tradition of farmers' natural resource management as well as introduced scientific practices.

scholarly journals Land Degradation Situation in Bangladesh and Role of Agroforestry

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Hasan ◽  
AKM Ashraful Alam
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
The World

Degradation of land is a vital issue throughout the world with the particular references to Bangladesh as it a threat to agricultural productivity. Agroforestry, a land use system is being popular in many countries to protect the land from various types of degradation. Studies have proved that agroforestry can check soil erosion to some extent, increase soil fertility, reduce salinity, alkalinity, acidity and desertification etc. ultimately improve soil health which keep the land suitable for agricultural production. The article has drawn on the basis of various reviews focusing the land degradation situation of Bangladesh and potentialities of agroforsetry. Key words: Land degradation, desertification, agroforestry.

scholarly journals Preparation of Erosion Susceptibility Map of Dhaman Khadi Sub-Watershed in Eastern Gujarat Using ArcGIS Interface

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2196-2202
Author(s):  
A. P. Lakkad ◽  
Dhiraji P. Patel ◽  
Dileswar Nayak ◽  
P. K. Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Susceptibility Map ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Slope Steepness ◽  
Factor Map ◽  
Steepness Factor

An attempt has been made to model land degradation in term of water erosion of selected Dhaman Khadi sub-watershed (7710.64 ha.) in Eastern Gujarat, India through Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation using ArcGIS interface. The average erosivity of 30 years (1986-2015) annual rainfall using standard formula was estimated to be 480.63 MJ mm ha−1 hr−1 per year. The erodibility factor K was computed as 0.236 and 0.177 mt∙hr MJ−1 mm−1 per unit R respectively for clay loam and clay soils using modified formula.. 20 m Digital Elevation Model was prepared from Toposheet No. F43N10 by using ‘Topo to Raster’ interpolation method. The slope length factor L was derived from DEM using Unit Stream Power Erosion and Deposition (USPED) Model. The raster layers of slope steepness factor for slope having < 9 % and ≥ 9 % was prepared separately to form final slope steepness factor map. Cover management factor map was derived based on cropping pattern for the various land cover categories of the study area. The standard conservation practice factor values for cross-sloped agricultural lands were assigned to the attribute table of the intersected map of LU/LC and slope maps to prepare the P factor map. Average gross soil erosion was minimum for evergreen forest while maximum for wasteland without scrub. Highest area covered by agricultural land (i. e. 41.54) of Dhaman Khadi sub-watershed having 33.28 tons/ha/yr gross soil erosion needs immediatetreatment to prevent land degradation. Soil loss tolerance limit of study area was used to derive erosion susceptibility map in order to identify the priority of conservation programs. As all the factors of RUSLE was estimated precisely at sub-watershed level, the study could help for rapid and reliable planning of watershed development programs in combination with the use of RS and GIS technology.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Land Degradation in the Stavnic River Basin

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Suzana Mirela Puflea ◽  
Ion Ioniţă
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Freeze And Thaw ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Left Tributary ◽  
Recent Sediments ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Soil Surveys

Abstract Located in the Central Moldavian Plateau, the Stavnic catchment is associated to a left tributary of the upper Barlad River, and extends on 21,341 ha of which 39% is under forest. The typical hilly landforms, the alternation of permeable and impermeable rocks (clays, sands, loess-like deposits), the unrolling of wetted and dry periods, the sequence of freeze and thaw cycles, and the influence of the anthropogenic factor triggered the acceleration of land degradation processes. The present day geomorphic processes such as soil erosion, gullying, mass movements and silting of reservoirs represent a major threat to the local environment. Soil erosion on the agricultural land covers mainly the land with slopes of over 5%, and it highlights through different stages of intensity. By data processing, gained from the soil surveys undertaken by O.J.S.P.A. Iasi and Vaslui, it is obviously that moderate-excessive soil erosion extends on 52% of the surveyed area. The gully erosion apparently plays secondary role in the Stavnic catchment. However, there has been identified a total number of 330 gullies, most of them being included into discontinuous gullies class, often located on the hillslopes. Landslides are the most representative geomorphologic processes and they extend on 12,006 ha, which represents 56% of the Stavnic catchment. One mention must be made, that in the context of climate aridisation occurred during the last three decades, the landslides are almost all stabilized. The majority of the few active landslides have frequently formed through the reactivation of the old landslide diluvia. By using the Cesium-137 technique in dating the recent sediments from the Cazanesti accumulation, within the lower Stavnic catchment, the mean siltation rate of 4.5 cm yr-1 after the Chernobyl nuclear accident was estimated.

scholarly journals Soil Fertility as a Criterion of Value Classification of Agricultural Land

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Makarova ◽  
◽  
Andrii Mykhaylov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Rural Landscapes

Introduction. Soil fertility is the most important parameter that reflects the ecological condition of agricultural land. The complex of interconnected and interdependent properties that determines the natural fertility has certain differences on different types of soils. The constitutional properties of soils are practically not subject to significant changes in relatively short periods of time, while the dynamic-functional ones are quite variable under the influence of anthropogenic factors. In this regard, they have a different impact on the formation of the value of agricultural land. Price is the quantitative equivalent of assessing the right to own or use land resources, and value is an integrated indicator that determines both the set of properties of land resources and their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Therefore, taking into account the fertility of land as a criterion for the value classification of agricultural land is beyond doubt. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to prove the importance of determining the value of land classification taking into account the fertility of the soil. In this article the presentation of proposals for predictive modeling of land relations is showed. Results. Humus is an essential organic element in which the main nutrients for crops are formed and stored, and therefore humus most accurately characterizes one or another type of productive agricultural soil. It is caused due to the deficit of humus balance in the soil that the value equivalent of agricultural lands significantly decreases. The disproportionate actions of man year by year lead to the transformation of the qualitative properties of productive soils with the loss of significant particles of humus. Direct impoverishment of lands occurs due to insufficient application of organic fertilizers, excessive plowing of rural landscapes, neglect of field crop rotations, and excessive removal of nutrients by commercial crops, reduction of organic residues entering the soil, etc. Conclusions. Genetic classification of land by origin, properties and characteristics is a platform for combining their value equivalent with certain rules and regulations of sustainable productive land use. Based on this, it is appropriate to define the “genetic approach” as a way to study certain phenomena, based not only on the analysis of their genesis, but also on the features of dynamic development associated with the manifestation of ecological and economic transformations in agricultural land use.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of Samara region land degradation and differentiation of antierosion territory organization

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00142
Author(s):  
E. V. Samokhvalova ◽  
S. N. Zudilin ◽  
O. A. Lavrennikova
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Degradation Factor ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Factor Coefficient

In the research, a spatial analysis of the degradation of Samara region agricultural land with the assessment of economic losses due to water erosion is carried out. A map chart of the distribution of districts with different degrees of erosion has also been developed. The values of the degradation factor coefficient and economic losses due to the influence of erosion processes are calculated. The key points of antierosion territory organization and land regulation depending on landscape nature and kind of damage are represented. The plan of action for the antierosion territory organization of a farm in Kinelsky district is proposed and its effectiveness to stop and prevent erosion processes, as well as for rational use of land and increase soil fertility is shown.

Soil organic carbon losses by water erosion in a Mediterranean watershed

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Cilek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
The Mediterranean

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the primary elements required in the functioning of ecosystems. Soil erosion, a major mechanism of land degradation, removes SOC and transfers it to the hydrosphere or the atmosphere, thereby affecting key ecosystem functions and services. The Mediterranean region is highly susceptible to land degradation because of erosion due to heavy rains following long, dry, hot summers. Although the Mediterranean landscape typically has a high altitude and incline, the soil is brittle and soft and is easily washed away by rain. Thus, vast regions in Turkey have been afflicted by this type of soil degradation. This study aimed to (1) estimate the temporal distribution of water erosion in the Seyhan River Basin, (2) assess the spatial distribution of SOC and (3) estimate the depletion of SOC through soil erosion using the Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment model, a physically based, regionally scaled soil erosion model. The annual amount of soil eroded from the Seyhan River Basin is estimated to be 7.8million tonnes per hectare (tha–1year–1). The amount of fertile soil loss from agricultural areas is ~1.2million tonnes per year. The maximum amount of soil erosion occurs in maintenance scrubland and degraded forest areas, contributing to 68% of erosion, followed by that in agricultural land, contributing to 27% of erosion, with the remaining in forests and urban areas.

WAYS OF EFFICIENT USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Go’zal Saydalieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Technical Measures

Proper, rational and efficient use of land resources is also a problem of economic importance. This, in turn, necessitates the optimal inter-sectoral distribution of available land in the economy, the cultivation of more agricultural products per hectare of land at the lowest possible cost, maintaining soil fertility, regularly increasing it on the basis of advanced agro-technical measures. This article also discusses the scientific and practical proposals for the effective use of agricultural land in our country, based on the study of specific aspects of their use.Keywords: ecological, land resources, land rent, efficient use, score quality, land protection, land and water resources.

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