scholarly journals EVALUATING SMARTPHONES COLOR FIDELITY AND METRIC ACCURACY FOR THE 3D DOCUMENTATION OF SMALL ARTIFACTS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gaiani ◽  
F. I. Apollonio ◽  
F. Fantini
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Chromaticity Diagram ◽  
Color Representation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
Textured Models

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Smartphone camera technology has made significant improvements of sensors quality and software camera performance in recent years. Devices as Apple iPhone X and the Samsung Galaxy S9 Plus, allow to reach levels of image resolution, sharpness and color accuracy very close to prosumer SLR cameras, enabling also on-the-fly processing and procedures which were considered impossible to achieve until a few years ago. Starting from these premises, a series of issues and opportunities concerning smartphone application to artifacts documentation will be discussed. In particular, consistency and reliability of both shape and color representation achievable for small-medium artifacts belonging to exhibitions and museum collections. A low-cost, easy-to-use workflow based on low-cost widespread devices will be compared to consolidated digitization pipelines. The contribution focus is based on color accuracy of textured models achievable through smartphones by means of an internally developed application for the achievement of highly reliable developments of raw formats (.DNG) from Apple iPhone X. Color consistency will be calculated in terms of the mean camera chroma relative to the mean ideal chroma in the CIE color metric (&amp;Delta;E*<sub>00</sub>) as defined in 2000 by the CIE on the CIEXYZ chromaticity diagram.</p>

P1457Preliminary results of the FLASH-AF: Validation of the device independent nature of a pulse deriving smartphone application for the detection of atrial fibrillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Proesmans ◽  
C Smeets ◽  
P Dreesen ◽  
J Vanhaeren ◽  
P Vandervoort
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Cardiac Monitoring ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quality Measurements

Abstract Background Smartphone applications using photoplethysmography (PPG) technology through their camera are becoming an attractive alternative for atrial fibrillation (AF) screening due to their low cost, convenience, and broad accessibility. However, some important questions concerning their diagnostic accuracy, robustness and device independent nature remain to be answered. Purpose This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a PPG-based pulse-deriving smartphone application with respect to handheld single-lead ECG and 12-lead ECG. In addition, the device dependent nature and robustness of the performance of the application was assessed. Methods 300 Patients who are scheduled for a regular consultation or procedure (i.e. ablation or cardioversion) will be recruited from the cardiology ward. Additionally, patients hospitalized for continuous cardiac monitoring will be recruited to enrich the database with AF measurements. After obtaining written informed consent, the patients fill in a questionnaire collecting demographic and medical information. The pulse-deriving application will be tested on total of 14 different smartphones, 7 iOS devices and 7 Android devices. In total, each device will be measured with 150 times. The patients will additionally perform a single-lead ECG measurement with a handheld device. Subsequently, a 12-lead ECG will be recorded to obtain the reference diagnosis. Results A total of 164 patients already participated in the study. The mean age was 64 (±19) years, 58% was male. The AF-prevalence was 37%. On average, patients in AF had a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score; 3.93 (±1.80) compared to 2.02 (±1.63) for non-AF patients. The amount of insufficient quality measurements recorded with the pulse-deriving smartphone application ranged from 4% (iOS) to 13% (Android). Averaged for all the smartphone devices, the pulse-deriving application scored 81.2% (±5%) sensitivity, 97.1% (±1%) specificity, 88.8% (±2%) NPV, 95.0% (±1%) PPV, and 90.9% (±2%) accuracy. The handheld single-lead ECG device had 78.2% sensitivity, 95.5% specificity, 87.6% NPV, 91.5% PPV, and 88.9% accuracy. The same calculations were preformed after excluding regular atrial flutter measurements. On average, the pulse-deriving application scored 90.1% (±2%) sensitivity, 97.1% (±1%) specificity, 95.2% (±1%) NPV, 94.0% (±1%) PPV, and 94.8% (±1%) accuracy. The handheld single-lead ECG device had 90.2% sensitivity, 97.7% specificity, 97.7% NPV, 95.1% PPV, and 96.9% accuracy. Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of the pulse-deriving smartphone application and the handheld single-lead ECG device was strongly influenced by the presence of regular atrial flutters, stressing the importance of further thorough validation. For the pulse-deriving smartphone application, there was no significant influence from device type in terms of diagnostic accuracy for the detection of AF. Insufficient quality measurements were more frequently performed on Android devices.

Low-Cost Hardware Implementation of Human Blood Identification Device Using Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network on FPGA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizki Eka Putri ◽  
Denny Darlis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Testing Facility ◽  
System Input ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Short Time

This article was under review for ICELTICS 2018 -- In the medical world there is still service dissatisfaction caused by lack of blood type testing facility. If the number of tested blood arise, a lot of problems will occur so that electronic devices are needed to determine the blood type accurately and in short time. In this research we implemented an Artificial Neural Network on Xilinx Spartan 3S1000 Field Programable Gate Array using XSA-3S Board to identify the blood type. This research uses blood sample image as system input. VHSIC Hardware Discription Language is the language to describe the algorithm. The algorithm used is feed-forward propagation of backpropagation neural network. There are 3 layers used in design, they are input, hidden1, and output. At hidden1layer has two neurons. In this study the accuracy of detection obtained are 92%, 92%, 92%, 90% and 86% for 32x32, 48x48, 64x64, 80x80, and 96x96 pixel blood image resolution, respectively.

scholarly journals Utility-Scale PV-Battery versus CSP-Thermal Storage in Morocco: Storage and Cost Effect under Penetration Scenarios

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4675
Author(s):  
Ayat-allah Bouramdane ◽  
Alexis Tantet ◽  
Philippe Drobinski
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Maximum Cost ◽  
Pv Inverter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Variance Portfolio ◽  
Utility Scale

In this study, we examine how Battery Storage (BES) and Thermal Storage (TES) combined with solar Photovoltaic (PV) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies with an increased storage duration and rental cost together with diversification would influence the Moroccan mix and to what extent the variability (i.e., adequacy risk) can be reduced; this is done using recent (2013) cost data and under various penetration scenarios. To do this, we use MERRA-2 climate reanalysis to simulate hourly demand and capacity factors (CFs) of wind, solar PV and CSP without and with increasing storage capabilities—as defined by the CSP Solar Multiple (SM) and PV Inverter Loading Ratio (ILR). We adjust these time series to observations for the four Moroccan electrical zones over the year 2018. Our objective is to maximize the renewable (RE) penetration and minimize the imbalances between RE production and consumption considering three optimization strategies. We analyze mixes along Pareto fronts using the Mean-Variance Portfolio approach—implemented in the E4CLIM model—in which we add a maximum-cost constraint to take into account the different rental costs of wind, PV and CSP. We propose a method to calculate the rental cost of storage and production technologies taking into account the constraints on storage associated with the increase of SM and ILR in the added PV-BES and CSP-TES modules, keeping the mean solar CFs fixed. We perform some load bands-reduction diagnostics to assess the reliability benefits provided by each RE technology. We find that, at low penetrations, the maximum-cost budget is not reached because a small capacity is needed. The higher the ILR for PV, the larger the share of PV in the mix compared to wind and CSP without storage is removed completely. Between PV-BES and CSP-TES, the latter is preferred as it has larger storage capacity and thus stronger impact in reducing the adequacy risk. As additional BES are installed, more than TES, PV-BES is favored. At high penetrations, optimal mixes are impacted by cost, the more so as CSP (resp., PV) with high SM (resp., ILR) are installed. Wind is preferably installed due to its high mean CF compared to cost, followed by either PV-BES or CSP/CSP-TES. Scenarios without or with medium storage capacity favor CSP/CSP-TES, while high storage duration scenarios are dominated by low-cost PV-BES. However, scenarios ignoring the storage cost and constraints provide more weight to PV-BES whatever the penetration level. We also show that significant reduction of RE variability can only be achieved through geographical diversification. Technological complementarity may only help to reduce the variance when PV and CSP are both installed without or with a small amount of storage. However, the diversification effect is slightly smaller when the SM and ILR are increased and the covariances are reduced as well since mixes become less diversified.

scholarly journals Economic Burden of Colorectal Cancer: A Case of Fars, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482110099
Author(s):  
Abdosaleh Jafari ◽  
Peyman Mehdi Alamdarloo ◽  
Mehdi Dehghani ◽  
Peivand Bastani ◽  
Ramin Ravangard
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Mean

Among cancers, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Some studies have shown that the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing in Iran and in Fars province. The present study aimed to determine the economic burden of colorectal cancer in patients referred to the referral centers affiliated to Iran, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2019 from the patients’ perspective. This is a partial economic evaluation and a cost-of-illness study conducted cross-sectionally in 2019. All the patients with colorectal cancer who had been referred to the referral centers affiliated to Iran, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, and had medical records were studied through the census method (N = 96). A researcher-made data collection form was used to collect the cost data. The prevalence-based and bottom-up approaches were also used in this study. The human capital approach was applied to calculate indirect costs. The mean annual cost per patient with colorectal cancer in the present study was $10930.98 purchasing power parity (PPP) (equivalent to 5745.29 USD), the main part of which was the medical direct costs (74.86%). Also, among the medical direct costs per patient, the highest were those of surgeries (41.7%). In addition, the mean annual cost per patient with colorectal cancer in the country was $ 116917762 PPP (equivalent to 61451621.84 USD) in 2019. Regarding the considerable economic burden of colorectal cancer and in order to reduce the costs, these suggestions can be made: increasing the number of specialized beds through the cooperation of health donors, establishing free or low-cost accommodation centers for patients and their companions near the medical centers, using the Internet and cyberspace technologies to follow up the treatment of patients, and increasing insurance coverage and government drug subsidies on drug purchase.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Customized Cranioplasty with Polymethyl Methacrylate Using 3D Printer Generated Mold: An Institutional Experience and Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Chaudhary ◽  
Virendra Deo Sinha ◽  
Sanjeev Chopra ◽  
Jitendra Shekhawat ◽  
Gaurav Jain
Keyword(s):  
Polymethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Skull Defects ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Cranioplasty is performed to repair skull defects and to restore normal skull anatomy. Optimal reconstruction remains a topic of debate. Autologous bone flap is the standard option but it may not be available due to traumatic bone fractures, bone infection, and resorption. The authors present their experience with prefabrication of precise and low-cost polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) mold using three-dimensional (3D) digital printing. Methods A total of 30 patients underwent cranioplasty between March 2017 and September 2019 at Sawai Man Singh Medical College Jaipur, India. Preoperative data included diagnosis for which decompressive craniectomy was done and Glasgow coma scale score. Intraoperative data included operating time. Postoperative data included cosmetic outcome in the form of cranial contour and margins, complications such as infection, seroma, implant failure, wound dehiscence, and hematoma. Results Patient age at cranioplasty ranged from 12 to 63 years with a mean age of 36.7 years. The mean operating time was 151.6 minutes (range 130–190 minutes). The mean follow-up period was 8 months (range 6–13 months). Postoperative wound dehiscence developed in one case (3.3%). Cranial contour and approximation of the margins were excellent and aesthetic appearance improved in all patients. Conclusion Low-cost PMMA implant made by digital 3D printer mold is associated with reconstruction of the deformed skull contour giving satisfactory results to the patient and his family members, at a low cost compared with other commercially available implants. This technique could be a breakthrough in cranioplasty.

scholarly journals Development of oil-in-water microemulsion encapsulating Vitamin E for thermal and hydrolysis degradation study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280
Author(s):  
Khairun Nisa Abdul Rahman ◽  
Vicit Rizal Eh Suk ◽  
Khalisanni Khalid ◽  
Nurhazirah Mohd Ihsan ◽  
Zainurin Md Dom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
Degradation Study ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vitamin E Homologs

Vitamin E is widely used for medicinal and cosmeceuticals purposes. However, it is easy to degrade by the environment. In this study, the degradation of Gold Tri.E™ was studied and determined. Gold Tri.E™ is a mixture of Vitamin E homologs (tocotrienol and tocopherol) extracted from palm oil (Elais Guineensis). A nanocarrier system has been optimized to encapsulate Gold Tri.E™ from degrading and increasing its stability as a bioactive compound. An oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion was formulated and optimized as the best carrier to encapsulate Gold Tri.E™ with the mean particle size of 32.60±3.60 nm and 99.99±0.01% encapsulation efficiency (EE). Degradation of the Gold Tri.E™ in o/w microemulsion was significantly reduced as compared to the bare Gold Tri.ETM. This suggested that the system could protect Gold Tri.E™ from thermal and hydrolysis degradation. Thus, the ease of preparation, low-cost production, and small particle size obtained when Gold Tri.E™ encapsulated in this system give promising drug delivery system to encapsulate, protect, and increase the shelf life of Gold Tri.E™.

scholarly journals Comparative study of colour Doppler vs. FNNAC findings in WHO grade II thyroid enlargement in adult females

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Rao M. S. ◽  
Navneeth T. P. ◽  
John C. J.
Keyword(s):  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid gland disorders form one of the most common endocrinal and surgical problems encountered in clinical practice. FNNAC is widely accepted as the primary and better method than FNAC for investigation but has its disadvantages. Colour Doppler is a non-invasive, low cost, easily available and repeatable investigation with least patient discomfort and can be valuable in detection of benign and malignant thyroid enlargements.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Forty cases of adult females with WHO grade 2 thyroid enlargement attending the department of otorhinolaryngology selected on simple random basis were included in this study. Following written consent, Colour Doppler scanning and FNNAC test were done on the thyroid swelling and the results were analysed.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of patients was 32.44 years. The mean age of malignancy was 44.66 years and showed statistically significant association. The Resistive and Pulsatility index and combination of both were found to have statistically significant results in detecting malignant and benign lesions The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of RI and PI were 83.33%, 94.12%, 71.43%, 96.97% and 50%, 94.12%, 60% and 91.43% respectively. On combining both the indices, the sensitivity was 91.67% and the positive predictive value was 97.06%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Colour Doppler can differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid enlargements using Resistive index (of&gt;0.75) and Pulsatility Index (of&gt;1.5) and can be a complementary diagnostic tool in the thyroid enlargement lesions, considering its accuracy, cost-effectiveness, easy availability and non-invasive repeatable nature.</p>

Development and Assessment of an Inexpensive Smartphone-Based Respiratory Droplet Simulation Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 155335062110658
Author(s):  
Amir A. Hakimi ◽  
Dana M. Hutchison ◽  
Asher Park ◽  
Natasha Atanaskova Mesinkovska ◽  
Sehwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Fluorescein Dye ◽  
Cobalt Blue

Background. Droplet simulation often requires expensive and inaccessible equipment. Herein, we develop and assess a low-cost droplet simulation model using easily accessible materials, open-source software, and a smartphone-based cobalt blue light. Methods. The simulation model was developed using commercial-grade materials and fluorescein dye. A clear face shield was assessed ten times following a simulated cough using fluorescein dye. A conventional ultraviolet Woods lamp was compared to a smartphone-based cobalt blue light to detect fluorescein illumination. Results. The simulation platform and smartphone-based cobalt blue light cost $20.18. A Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed that the median droplet area of fluorescence under the UV Wood’s lamp was not significantly different than that of the smartphone-based cobalt blue light (2.89 vs 2.94, P = .386). Conclusions. This simulation model is inexpensive and easily reproducible. The smartphone application may be a convenient alternative to standard ultraviolet lights. This model has great potential for use in financially restricted academic centers during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

scholarly journals Estimating Rooftop Areas of Poultry Houses Using UAV and Satellite Images

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
A. Bulent Koc ◽  
Patrick T. Anderson ◽  
John P. Chastain ◽  
Christopher Post
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
The Mean

Poultry production requires electricity for optimal climate control throughout the year. Demand for electricity in poultry production peaks during summer months when solar irradiation is also high. Installing solar photovoltaic (PV) panels on the rooftops of poultry houses has potential for reducing the energy costs by reducing the electricity demand charges of utility companies. The objective of this research was to estimate the rooftop areas of poultry houses for possible PV installation using aerial images acquired with a commercially available low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Overhead images of 31 broiler houses were captured with a UAV to assess their potential for solar energy applications. Building plan dimensions were acquired and building heights were independently measured manually. Images were captured by flying the UAV in a double grid flight path at a 69-m altitude using an onboard 4K camera at an angle of −80° from the horizon with 70% and 80% overlaps. The captured images were processed using Agisoft Photoscan Professional photogrammetry software. Orthophotos of the study areas were generated from the acquired 3D image sequences using structure from motion (SfM) techniques. Building rooftop overhang obscured building footprint in aerial imagery. To accurately measure building dimensions, 0.91 m was subtracted from building roof width and 0.61 m was subtracted from roof length based on blueprint dimensions of the poultry houses. The actual building widths and lengths ranged from 10.8 to 184.0 m and the mean measurement error using the UAV-derived orthophotos was 0.69% for all planar dimensions. The average error for building length was 1.66 ± 0.48 m and the average error for widths was 0.047 ± 0.13 m. Building sidewall, side entrance and peak heights ranged from 1.9 to 5.6 m and the mean error was 0.06 ± 0.04 m or 1.2%. When compared to the horizontal accuracy of the same building measurements taken from readily available satellite imagery, the mean error in satellite images was −0.36%. The average length error was −0.46 ± 0.49 m and −0.44 ± 0.14 m for building widths. The satellite orthomosaics were more accurate for length estimations and the UAV orthomosaics were more accurate for width estimations. This disparity was likely due to the flight altitude, camera field of view, and building shape. The results proved that a low-cost UAV and photogrammetric SfM can be used to create digital surface models and orthomosaics of poultry houses without the need for survey-grade equipment or ground control points.

scholarly journals Protein Intake Estimated from Brief-Type Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire and Urinary Urea Nitrogen Level in Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Okuda ◽  
Keiko Asakura ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
School Students ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Diet History Questionnaire ◽  
Diet History ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Urine Specimens

Our aim was to assess the validity of the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ15y) to estimate the protein intake in 248 Japanese secondary school students (mean age = 14.2 years), using urinary biomarkers as references. Participants provided three samples of overnight urine for measurement of urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, underwent anthropometric measurements, and answered the questionnaires. Additionally, 58 students provided 24-h urine specimens. A significant correlation was observed between excretion of urea nitrogen in overnight and 24-h urine specimens (ρ = 0.527; p < 0.001), with biases ≤5.8%. The mean daily protein intake estimated from urinary biomarkers was 76.4 ± 20.4 g/d in males and 65.4 ± 16.9 g/d in females, and the mean protein intake estimated from the BDHQ15y (PRTbdhq) was 89.3 ± 33.7 g/d in males and 79.6 ± 24.6 g/d in females. Crude and energy-adjusted coefficients of correlation between PRTbdhq and protein intake estimated from urinary biomarkers were 0.205 (p = 0.001; 0.247 for males and 0.124 for females), and 0.204 (p = 0.001; 0.302 for males and 0.109 for females), respectively. The BDHQ15y is a low-cost tool to assess protein intake of a large population, instead of a weakness of overestimation.

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