scholarly journals Splintering South: Ecologically Unequal Exchange Theory in a Fragmented Global Climate

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ciplet ◽  
J. Timmons Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Exchange Theory ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Action Frame ◽  
World Distribution

The article examines the changing nature of politics in the United Nations climate negotiations through the lens of ecologically unequal exchange theory, focusing on the lead up to and aftermath of the 2015 Paris negotiations. We identify and discuss three areas of tension that have emerged within the G-77 coalition: tensions within the global semi-periphery, tensions between the semi-periphery and periphery, and tensions within the periphery. Together, these tensions challenge the main link of solidarity in the G-77 coalition: the idea that all countries in the global South share a common predicament in the global system, with the North solely to blame. Drawing upon this case, we offer three related insights to develop ecologically unequal exchange theory. First, theory and empirical work must better consider the role of the semi-periphery, and divisions within the semi-periphery, in reproducing ecologically unequal societies. Second, theory should account for how fragmentation between the periphery and semi-periphery may produce distinct challenges for peripheral states to resist governance forms which intensify ecologically unequal exchange. Third, theory should better account for the ways in which ecologically unequal exchange as mobilized as a collective action frame reflects and diverges from the real-world distribution of environmental goods and bads in the world system.

scholarly journals Questioning orthodoxy

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
DAVID WALTON
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Anthropogenic Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Original Question ◽  
The Moment

Recently hearing Fred Singer from the USA lecture on what he perceives to be the uncritical ways in which global change has been attributed to anthropogenic effects reminded me of the importance we should attach to those who question our current beliefs. For Fred it was not sufficient that the IPCC had engaged many of the best scientific brains in the world to reach the existing consensus; they might all be wrong because the original question or assumption was wrong. Fred was strongly challenged by the audience of Antarctic scientists, not least because some of his quotations were selective in order to initiate discussion. And we know that there are areas of considerable weakness amongst the several proxies used to compute the rate of temperature change, that we have only poorly quantified and modelled the role of clouds, energy transfer between the oceans and atmosphere, water vapour as a greenhouse gas and that we have yet to be certain that the Global Climate Models really do have all the most significant driving variables. So the IPCC conclusions are drawn on the best available evidence with complementary patterns derived from several different approaches and constitute the best we can do at the moment.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon Of Emiliania Huxleyi In Aspects Of Global Climate And The Ecology Of The World Ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Pozdnyakov ◽  
Natalia V. Gnatiuk ◽  
Richard Davy ◽  
Leonid P. Bobylev
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Ocean Carbon

Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) evolved from the genus Gephyrocapsa Kamptner (Prymneosiophyceae) of the coccolithophore family Naёlaerhadaceae. Over the past 100 thousand years E. huxleyi has acquired the status of the most ecologically predominant coccolithophore due to its remarkable adaptability to a variety of environmental conditions and interspecific competitiveness. E. huxleyi plays an important role in both the marine carbon system and carbon cycling between the atmosphere and ocean due to its ability to produce organic and inorganic carbon as well as to form massive blooms throughout the world ocean. This study examines both older information and recent findings to shed light on the current tendencies in the two-way interactions between E. huxleyi blooms and the immediate and global environment under conditions of climate change. The assembled knowledge has emerged from laboratory and mesocosm instrumental investigations, retrievals of satellite remote sensing data, machine learning/statistical analyses, and numerical simulations. Special attention is given to both the quantitative data reported over the last two decades on such interactions, and the only very recently appearing mid-term projections of E. huxleyi bloom dynamics across the world ocean. These blooms strongly affect the atmosphere and ocean carbon cycles. They reduce CO2 fluxes from by ~50% to ~150% as is documented for the North Atlantic, and on the global scale release particulate inorganic carbon as calcium calcite in the amounts assessed at 0.4 to 4.8 PgC/yr. At the same time, they are also sensitive to the atmospheric and oceanic state. This results in E. huxleyi blooms having an increased impact on the environment in response to ongoing global warming.

Analysis of the Development of the Hospitatity Industry in the North Caucasus Federal District

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Olga V. Pirogova ◽  
Anastasia Yu. Pirogova
Keyword(s):  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The State ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Saturation

The article talks about the role of the hospitality industry in the world, shows statistics on the state of the hospitality industry in the world and in Russia. It is shown how tourism and the hospitality industry are interconnected, how tourism affects the development of the hospitality industry. The article gives the concept of the hospitality industry, analyzes this concept, gives its interpretation by Russian and foreign scientists, gives an analysis of this concept in connection with the legal point of view. The hospitality industry is a complex of economic system, which is an intersectoral complex. The paper shows the role of the hospitality industry in the North Caucasus Federal District. The concept of a market saturation indicator for hotel services is introduced, and global market saturation indicators for hotel rooms are discussed. The paper gives the main indicators of the state of the hotel services market, such as: the number of collective accommodation facilities, the number of rooms, the number of places in collective accommodation facilities, the number of nights in collective accommodation facilities. These indicators are compared with the indicators of the Russian Federation as a whole, with indicators in the North Caucasus Federal District as a whole. Also, a comparison of these indicators among the regions of the district. The analysis of these indicators of the development of the hotel industry in the district is carried out, the growth of these indicators in comparison with 2012 is shown, the share of hotel services by the district is analyzed. The study shows a significant difference in these indicators between the regions of the district. The article discusses the role of the classification of hotels and provides data on the classification of hospitality industry enterprises in the district, the classification capabilities and the problems associated with this procedure. As a result of the work, a conclusion is drawn on the state of the hotel services market in the North Caucasus Federal District.

Shifting International Security Norms

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Denise Garcia
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
International Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Global Norms

The world is going through a crisis of the international liberal order, exemplified by a host of recent shocks: the invasion and annexation of Crimea by Russia; the transnational dimensions of conflicts such as in Syria; the United Kingdom's decision to exit the European Union; the attempted coup d’état in Turkey and its reversal toward autocracy; and the election and rise of non-universalist and illiberal governments as well as politicians who operate under the populist rubric in countries that are viewed as beacons of democracy and stability. These shocks have catalyzed two outcomes. First, the prevailing global norms that serve as the custodians of peace and security have been the subject of revived debate. Second, and relatedly, these shocks have prompted deep reflection on the role of institutions such as the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), as well as the roles of the supposedly democratic members within those institutions.

scholarly journals Trade–Climate Nexus: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Jeremiás Máté Balogh ◽  
Tamás Mizik
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Negotiation ◽  
Climate Agreements ◽  
Environmental Goods

In the climate–trade debate, moderate attention is dedicated to the role of trade agreements on climate. In turn, trade agreements could help countries meet climate goals by removing tariffs, harmonizing standards on environmental goods, and eliminating distorting subsidies on fossil fuels. This paper aims to provide an overview of the role of trade agreements on climate-change mitigation. This systematic literature review is based on the international economic literature published between 2010 and 2020. This literature review underlines that the effectiveness of the trade agreements and WTO negotiations on emission reduction is weak. This is due to different national interests and protectionism. The elimination of trade barriers stimulates trade, but this may also raise greenhouse gas emissions and cause other environmental problems (e.g., deforestation). Furthermore, this article points out that emission leakage is also a crucial issue hindering the success of global climate agreements on greenhouse gas reduction. The greatest beneficiaries of the trade agreements are usually the largest GHG emitters, such as China, the US, and the EU. By contrast, developing countries are in a weaker position regarding climate–trade negotiation. The literature review offers policy solutions which can contribute to emission reduction and tools for stimulating a trade-related climate-change abatement policy.

scholarly journals Between the real and the imaginary: the construction of the symbolic in the attack on New York.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
José Maurício Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
September 11 ◽  
The Political ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This article examines the political participation of mythology and the imaginary and the role of the history of unexpected events. It demonstrates how the attack on the Twin Towers in New York on September 11, 2001, determined contextualization of the event and 'resymbolization.' Working with the concept of the state of cinema, this article explores the possibilities of constructing modern culture which, based on the action of images and the movies. We analyze the North American imperial discourse, and the fabrication of a picture of the world based on a cinematographic, symbolic, and media process was - in the duel against the bad guy, and the American hero.

scholarly journals Teleworking between option and necessity: analytical reflections

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
Oleg Solomon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constituent Elements

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, accelerated global climate change and increased demands for work-life balance teleworking is becoming again a central and muchdiscussed subject in academic and non-academic circles. That is why, in this article, we are going to reanalyze the goal and role of teleworking phenomenon, its constituent elements, conditions, opportunities and vulnerabilities of this way of organizing flfl exible work for employers and employees (private and public sectors). Could telework be a solution for some difficulties which are challenging the world today?- another question for which will try to fifi nd the answer. Also, we are going to study if teleworking is used in the Republic of Moldova and how this is reflected in the national legislative frame, and how this is convergent to the specialized literature and European norms.

The cultural biographies of boats

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Van de Noort
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
The World ◽  
Semiotic Systems ◽  
The North Sea

Up to this point, boats and ships have been treated largely as functional objects. The characteristics of these objects enabled people to engage with the sea in many different ways (see chapter 7), while for those who travelled on these craft particular socio-political processes have been observed (see chapter 8). However, the contextualized study of boats suggests that alongside functional properties, craft also had attributed meanings, as implied for example by the deliberate deposition of the Hjortspring boat in a bog on the island of Als, or by the use of boats in burials at Sutton Hoo, Gokstad, Oseberg and at many other locations around the North Sea. The symbolic significance of ships and boats was the focal point of the 1994 conference ‘The Ship as Symbol in Scandinavian Prehistory and Middle Ages’, which is recognized as a significant departure from existing debates in maritime archaeology. The ideas in this chapter are to an extent developed from the papers in the published proceedings (Crumlin-Pedersen and Thye 1995). The 1994 conference brought together a range of researchers who considered the other-than-functional and other-than-technical aspects of Scandinavian maritime archaeology. Symbols are understood to be semantically opaque representations producing semiotic systems in society (cf. Kobyliński 1995: 10–1). The use of the ship as a symbol is unsurprising. Much of the early maritime archaeology of Scandinavia is known to us not from wrecks that sank to the sea bed during storms, but from boat burials, and other deliberate depositions of boats in non-maritime contexts such as bogs, as well as from the carved and etched boat images on rocks and bronzes. The contexts of the boats imply that these carried meanings beyond their operational use, functioning therefore as signs and acting as symbols. The role of boats in the Sagas has advanced the notion that ships in the Viking period were more than simply craft to cross the sea with. Kobyliński (ibid. 15) makes the point that the extensive use of boats and ships as symbols in Scandinavia is linked to beliefs that the world of the dead is across the water, be that hell across the Gjoll River or Valhalla across the Thund River.

Speed Metal, Slow Tropics, Cold War

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Sheller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Air Power ◽  
Bauxite Mining ◽  
The North ◽  
The World

This chapter examines the production and marketing of aluminum as a carrier of uneven global modernities, thus highlighting the ways in which mobility and immobilization were simultaneously created in the world of traveling commodities, transport systems, and tourism. More specifically, it considers the role of aluminum, the “speed metal,” in modernization by linking the North American world of mobility, speed, and flight to the heavier, slower Caribbean world of bauxite mining, racialized labor relations, and resource extraction. The chapter first looks at the emergence of U.S. air power in the early twentieth century before discussing the cultural motions of Caribbean modernity and the complex constellations of mobility and immobility that structure transnational American relations. It also discusses the role played by companies like Alcoa in promoting innovation in the United States in the use of aluminum and imagining the light modernity of the future.

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