scholarly journals Role of Resilience in Burden and Perceived Public Stigma among Primary Caregivers of Psychiatric Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Farah Saleem ◽  
Kehkashan Arouj ◽  
Sabir Zaman ◽  
Azmat Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Stigma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Resilience Scale

The current study intended to find out the role of resilience on perceived public stigma and burden among primary caregivers of the psychiatric patients. The current study highlighted the psychological health of caregivers. A cross sectional study was conducted in region of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A total of 250 caregivers participated in the study, whom 125 were male and 125 were female caregivers, age range was 25-60 years (M=31.61, SD=5.93). The data was collected from public and private hospitals.  Three scales were used for data collection. The resilience was measured through Urdu translated resilience scale, public stigma was assessed by using Urdu version of perceived public stigma, and Burden was measured through interview.  The result showed that resilience was negatively associated with burden and perceived public stigma (p< 0.01). Further, the multiple regression showed that resilience acted as moderator between public stigma and burden (? = -1.02, p< .001). The result supported a positive association between public stigma, burden and resilience among caregivers of psychiatric patients.

scholarly journals Hepatic fibrosis and factors associated with liver stiffness in HIV mono-infected individuals

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2867
Author(s):  
Mihály Sulyok ◽  
Tamás Ferenci ◽  
Mihály Makara ◽  
Gábor Horváth ◽  
János Szlávik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Bayesian Model Averaging ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundLiver disease has become an important cause of morbidity and mortality even in those HIV-infected individuals who are devoid of hepatitis virus co-infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of hepatic fibrosis and the role of associated factors using liver stiffness measurement in HIV mono-infected patients without significant alcohol intake.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of 101 HIV mono-infected patients recruited prospectively from March 1, 2014 to October 30, 2014 at the Center for HIV, St István and St László Hospital, Budapest, Hungary. To determine hepatic fibrosis, liver stiffness was measured with transient elastography. Demographic, immunologic and other clinical parameters were collected to establish a multivariate model. Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) was performed to identify predictors of liver stiffness.ResultsLiver stiffness ranged from 3.0–34.3 kPa, with a median value of 5.1 kPa (IQR 1.7). BMA provided a very high support for age (Posterior Effect Probability-PEP: 84.5%), moderate for BMI (PEP: 49.3%), CD4/8 ratio (PEP: 44.2%) and lipodystrophy (PEP: 44.0%). For all remaining variables, the model rather provides evidence against their effect. These results overall suggest that age and BMI have a positive association with LS, while CD4/8 ratio and lipodystrophy are negatively associated.DiscussionOur findings shed light on the possible importance of ageing, overweight and HIV-induced immune dysregulation in the development of liver fibrosis in the HIV-infected population. Nonetheless, further controlled studies are warranted to clarify causal relations.

The role of spiritual health experience with intensity and duration of labor pain while childbearing and postpartum

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Dehestani ◽  
Naeimeh Tayebi ◽  
Zeinab Moshfeghy ◽  
Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Background: The birth of a child is one of the most important events in a mother's life. The use of religious beliefs and spirituality is often considered as a constructive coping strategy in improving the psychological health of individuals. Objective: The present study aimed to examine the role of spiritual health experience with intensity and duration of labor pain during childbearing and postpartum. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 200 pregnant women who were 37-42 weeks pregnant and referred to Shiraz Medical Hospital for delivery were selected by nonprobability convenience sampling method. Personal and Midwifery Information Questionnaire and Ellison-Paloutzian Spiritual Health Questionnaire were used for data collection. These questionnaires were completed by interviews. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Descriptive test was used for data description and Chi-square test was used for data analysis. The significance level in all testes was set at < 0.05. Results: There is a significant negative relationship between the variable of spiritual health and duration of the admission stage until the full opening of the cervix in primipara and multipara. But there is no significant relationship between the variables of complete opening of the cervix to fetal delivery and fetal delivery to placental delivery and maternal spiritual health. Conclusion: This study increases our knowledge about spiritual health strategies to prevent labor pains and promote mental health in pregnant women. Midwives should be sensitive to the spiritual health of pregnant women and integrate this element into maternal care.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout among a Sample of Pharmacists Employed in Pharmacies in Central Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Carmela Protano ◽  
Simone De Sio ◽  
Vittoria Cammalleri ◽  
Roberta Noemi Pocino ◽  
Stefano Murano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Workplace Stress ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Burnout is defined as an occupational phenomenon linked to chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed and included among the factors influencing health status or contact with health services. Although several studies were performed for assessing this phenomenon, there is a lack of data on the prevalence of burnout and associated predictors, due to different definitions of the syndrome and heterogeneity of assessment methods. One of the well-known evidences on burnout is related to the highest risk professions, which include policemen, firemen, teachers, psychologists, medical students, nurses, physicians, and other health professionals, such as pharmacists. Objective. The aims of the present study were to (1) assess the occurrence of burnout syndrome among a sample of pharmacists employed in public and private pharmacies located in Rome province (Latium Region; central Italy); (2) evaluate the role of some potential predictors for the development of the syndrome. Materials and Methods. A questionnaire elaborated ad hoc was administered online to 2,000 members of the Association of Professional Pharmacists of Rome and its province and employed in public or private pharmacies. The questionnaire included the 14-item Shirom–Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) tool and questions on demographic characteristics and working conditions. Results. Physical exhaustion was the burnout dimension with the highest score; besides, approximately 11% of the studied pharmacists were categorized as having clinically relevant burnout levels (≥4.40). Several of the investigated variables significantly influenced the single burnout dimensions at the univariate analyses; multivariate analyses demonstrated that alcohol consumption and workplace location have a significant independent role on the overall SMBM index, while working time significantly influences clinically relevant burnout level. Conclusions. The results revealed that pharmacists are at risk of burnout, and thus, it is necessary to perform specific preventive intervention for managing this occupational threat.

scholarly journals Associations between handgrip strength and hypertension in relation to circulating CD34-positive cell levels among Japanese older men: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Shimizu ◽  
Shin-Ya Kawashiri ◽  
Kenichi Nobusue ◽  
Hirotomo Yamanashi ◽  
Yasuhiro Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Vascular Homeostasis ◽  
Endothelial Repair ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background A positive association between handgrip strength and blood pressure has been reported. Since these factors are linked to the condition of the endothelium, the activity of endothelial repair might influence the association between handgrip strength and hypertension. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 257 Japanese men aged 60–69 years who underwent an annual health checkup. As individuals with high level of circulating CD34-positive cells might show active endothelial repair, which plays an important role in vascular homeostasis, participants were stratified by circulating CD34-positive cell levels, using the median value of this population (0.96 cells/μL) as the cutoff. Results Independent of known cardiovascular risk factors, for participants with a high CD34-positive cell, handgrip strength is significantly positively associated with hypertension (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of hypertension for 1 standard deviation increment of handgrip strength were 1.85 (1.19, 2.88) but not for participants with a low CD34-positive cell (0.91 (0.61, 1.37)). Conclusion The positive association between handgrip strength and hypertension is limited to high CD34-positive cells. This result may help clarify the role of vascular homeostasis in maintaining muscle strength.

scholarly journals Future Orientation and Political Participation: The Moderating Role of Political Trust

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Stein Knudsen ◽  
Henrik Serup Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
Moderating Role

Previous studies show consistent differences in how people evaluate future consequences and implications of this for a variety of phenomena. The implications for the individual propensity for taking part in different forms of political participation have received limited scholarly attention, however. This is unfortunate since it affects how people voice their concerns over future problems and thereby also whether and how decision-makers become aware of these concerns. We here examine this in a cross-sectional study conducted in Finland (N = 1,673). We apply the Considerations of Future Consequences (CFC) framework as a measure of individuals’ future orientation and distinguish between considerations of future consequences (CFC-future) and considerations of immediate consequences (CFC-Immediate). We study the direct associations with institutionalized and non-institutionalized political participation and the moderating role of political trust in shaping these associations. Our results show CFC-future has a positive association with both institutionalized and non-institutionalized political participation, while CFC-immediate has a negative association with participation. Political trust moderates the association with non-institutionalized political participation since the association is stronger for citizens with low political trust. This may suggest that citizens use particular participatory avenues to communicate their worries over future problems, and to which decision-makers must be attentive.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Magnesium with Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertensive Crises: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4213
Author(s):  
IfeanyiChukwu O. Onor ◽  
Lashira M. Hill ◽  
Modupe M. Famodimu ◽  
Mallory R. Coleman ◽  
Carolkim H. Huynh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Crises

The role of magnesium in blood pressure has been studied among hypertensive patients; however, there is a dearth of studies exploring the role of magnesium in hypertensive crises. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium and blood pressure in patients with hypertensive crises. This was a single-center, retrospective, chart review, cross-sectional study of patients with hypertensive crises. Patients were included if they were eighteen years of age or older, with an international classification disease ninth revision (ICD-9) code of 401.9 (hypertensive crises: emergency or urgency) and a documented magnesium level on their electronic medical record. The primary outcome of the study was the correlation between serum magnesium and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure) in patients with hypertensive crises. Two hundred and ninety-three patients were included in the study. The primary outcome result showed that serum magnesium was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.143, p = 0.014), but not diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: This study found a significant positive association between magnesium and systolic blood pressure, but not diastolic blood pressure, among patients with hypertensive crises. This positive association of serum magnesium with systolic blood pressure was maintained after adjusting for covariates. This study’s findings suggest a potential role of magnesium in blood pressure among patients with hypertensive crises.

scholarly journals The role of polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes in asbestos-related diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alenka Franko ◽  
Katja Goricar ◽  
Metoda Dodic Fikfak ◽  
Viljem Kovac ◽  
Vita Dolzan
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Pleural Plaques ◽  
Asbestos Related Disease

Abstract Background The study investigated the influence of GCLC, GCLM, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms, as well as the influence of interactions between polymorphism and interactions between polymorphisms and asbestos exposure, on the risk of developing pleural plaques, asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma (MM). Subjects and methods The cross sectional study included 940 asbestos-exposed subjects, among them 390 subjects with pleural plaques, 147 subjects with asbestosis, 225 subjects with MM and 178 subjects with no asbestos-related disease. GCLC rs17883901, GCLM rs41303970, GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, GSTP1 rs1695 and GSTP1 rs1138272 genotypes were determined using PCR based methods. In statistical analysis, logistic regression was used. Results GSTT1 null genotype was associated with the decreased risk for pleural plaques (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.40–0.98; p = 0.026) and asbestosis (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.28–0.93; p = 0.028), but not for MM. A positive association was found between GSTP1 rs1695 AG + GG vs. AA genotypes for MM when compared to pleural plaques (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.00–1.94; p = 0.049). The interactions between different polymorphisms showed no significant influence on the risk of investigated asbestos-related diseases. The interaction between GSTT1 null polymorphism and asbestos exposure decreased the MM risk (OR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.03–0.85; p = 0.031). Conclusions Our findings suggest that GSTT1 null genotype may be associated with a decreased risk for pleural plaques and asbestosis, may modify the association between asbestos exposure and MM and may consequently act protectively on MM risk. This study also revealed a protective effect of the interaction between GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism and asbestos exposure on MM risk.

The Role of Men During Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study of Perceptions and Beliefs of Primary Caregivers in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2199318
Author(s):  
Heidi J. Niedfeldt ◽  
Trent E. Sever ◽  
Rilee Smith ◽  
Elizabeth A. Davis ◽  
Generose Mulokozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Male Involvement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Antenatal Visits ◽  
Role Of Men

This study examined the relationship between men’s involvement and primary caregivers’ antenatal visits, acquiring antenatal tablets, and working less during pregnancy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 5,000 Tanzanian primary caregivers living in households with one or more children under the age of 2 years. Results indicated that primary caregivers who received help from their husband/partner, or perceived that men in their community helped their pregnant spouses, were more likely to practice healthy antenatal care behaviors, including attending antenatal visits, acquiring antenatal tablets, and working less during pregnancy. Similarly, women who thought that all their friends receive help from their husbands/partners were twice as likely to reduce their workload during their pregnancy. These findings suggest the importance of male involvement and support during pregnancy in order to improve antenatal care, reduce workload, and increase tablet consumption among primary caregivers.

Psychosomatic Associations Between Thinking Patterns and Parkinson's Disease from a Yoga Philosophy Perspective: A New Zealand Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Sridhar Maddela ◽  
Stephen Buetow
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms

Abstract When investigating the etiology of diseases, epidemiological observational studies traditionally deemphasize psychosomatic associations. Exploring cognitive behavior provides an insight into how psychosomatic associations affect disease. Yoga philosophy identifies the kleshas (mental afflictions) of ignorance, ego, desire, hatred, and fear of death with disease. This is because individuals' perceptions and beliefs generate and reflect streams of thought that may shape their behavior and manifest as, or predispose them to, particular disease(s). The present study takes a yogic philosophical perspective to help elucidate unexplored associations between thinking about different aspects of life and the severity of Parkinson's disease (PD). The study involved a cross-sectional sample survey. Parkinson's New Zealand selected a random sample of 990 of its members. A self-completed questionnaire was sent to them. It asked questions about how often, over the previous 4 weeks, they had thought about 18 aspects of life commonly associated with the kleshas. A completed questionnaire was returned by 319 people (32%). Respondents thought most about family (87%), health (64%), rest and sleep (57%), food (53%), and the future (52%). They reported thinking least about work (48%), sex (45%), death (42%), and being virtuous (39%). A weak, but hypothesized positive, association (r = 0.2, p &lt; 0.000) was detected between PD severity and thinking about death. The study could not determine whether thinking about death was (1) a cause or consequence of PD severity, and (2) a premorbid behavior. However, the possibility that stress associated with thinking about death accelerates PD progression is consistent with yoga philosophy and with neurophysiological mechanisms associated with the psychosomatic connections. The findings are worthy of future testing. A retrospective cohort study and qualitative research could deepen understanding about the role of kleshas in PD.

scholarly journals The Impact of Psychological Flexibility on Psychological Well-Being in Adults With Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Guerrini Usubini ◽  
Giorgia Varallo ◽  
Valentina Granese ◽  
Roberto Cattivelli ◽  
Simone Consoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Obesity is a global health problem that affects both physical and psychological health and well-being. Psychological flexibility is one of the key components related to psychological health. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the impact of psychological flexibility on psychological well-being in a sample of 220 individuals with obesity. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the role of psychological flexibility in explaining psychological well-being, controlling for confounding factors (sex, age, and Body Mass Index). According to the results, psychological flexibility significantly explained psychological well-being. Our study provides additional evidence of the impact of psychological flexibility on psychological well-being. It also provides further support for the importance of integrating psychological flexibility in the psychological interventions for obesity.

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