scholarly journals Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Penanggulangan Wabah Corona Virus Diease 2019 di Kabupaten Lamongan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-108
Author(s):  
Fahmi Anas
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Village

This study examines the policies of the Lamongan Regency government in preventing and overcoming the Covid-19 outbreak. Lamongan Regency Regulation No. 35 of 2020 concerning the prevention and control of Corona Virus 2019 in transition to recovery is one of the policies issued by the Lamongan Regency Government. This research aims to implement prevention and recovery policies in overcoming the Covid-19 outbreak in Lamongan Regency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The use of a qualitative approach in this research is descriptive analysis, the researcher wants to describe the policy of controlling and preventing Covid-19 in the transition to recovery in Lamongan Regency This research uses data sources from scientific journals, literature books, official websites which then come from descriptive analysis of prevention policies, and recovery in the response to the Covid-19 outbreak in Lamongan Regency. The results of the study explained that the prevention and control of the Corona Diease 2019 Virus in the transition to recovery in Lamongan Regency was the formation of a Covid-19 accelerated handling task force to accelerate the handling of Covid-19, the availability of health facilities and infrastructure for the Covid-19 test, quarantine or isolation areas, as well as massive close contact tracing. Prohibition of traveling without masks, guaranteeing goods vehicle activities and business operations (shops). The involvement of various parties has greatly helped government programs in overcoming Covid-19, such as the village head, community leaders and the interaction of the TNI and Polri which greatly helped create security and order during the prevention and recovery of Covid-19 countermeasures in Lamongan Regency.

scholarly journals Knowledge and practice of infection prevention and control among healthcare workers: a COVID-19 pandemic experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-602
Author(s):  
Rifat Yasmin ◽  
Huma Hussain ◽  
Syeda Turab Fatima Abidi ◽  
Syed Asim Ali Shah ◽  
Tazaeen Hina Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
And Control

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global outbreak caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Study aims to evaluate knowledge and practices of healthcare workers (HCW) regarding infection prevention and control of corona virus disease Material and methods: A cross sectional validation study was conducted. Study was conducted at department of Medicine, Pakistan Ordinance Factory Hospital, Wah Cantt. Study duration was 2 months (May 2020-June2020)A sample size of 217 HCW was calculated using WHO calculator. HCW were selected through non probability sampling (consecutive). Ethical permission was taken and research consent was signed by each participant. SPSS version 24 was used for analysis purpose. Post stratification fissure exact and chi-square test was applied. We found p value ≤0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Total 217 HCW were included in our study. Out of them, 85 (39.2%) were male and 132 (60.8%) were female in our study. Mean age of HCW was 34.5±2.4SD. In knowledge assessment majority of HCW had fair knowledge (46.5%), followed by good (30%) and poor knowledge (23.5%) regarding corona virus associated infection control and prevention. In practice assessment, among all those, 38.2% HCW showed better practices while 61.8% showed poor practices. Knowledge is significantly associated with virus transmission mode (p = 0.00), close contact (p = 0.000), protection from COVID-19 in triage area (p = 0.000), wearing PPE (p = 0.000) etc. Conclusion: Corona virus disease is a major challenge in resource limited countries. Healthcare workers showed relatively improved knowledge and practices regarding infection prevention and control in this COVID-19 Pandemic. Key words: Corona virus disease, Healthcare workers, Infection Prevention and Control, Knowledge, Practices Citation: Yasmin R, Hussain H, Abidi STF, Shah SAA, Kazmi TH, Hussain H. Knowledge and practice of infection prevention and control among healthcare workers: a COVID-19 pandemic experience. Anaesth pain intensive care 2020;24 (6):597-602 Received: 8 November 2020, Reviewed: 17 November 2020, Accepted: 19 November 2020

scholarly journals COVID-19 outbreak investigation and response in a penitentiary setting: the experience of a prison in Italy, February to April 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruggero Giuliani ◽  
Cristina Cairone ◽  
Lara Tavoschi ◽  
Laura Ciaffi ◽  
Teresa Sebastiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Cultural Affinity ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Prisons are high-risk settings for COVID-19 and present specific challenges for prevention and control. We describe a COVID-19 outbreak in a large prison in Milan between 20 February and 30 April 2020. We performed a retrospective analysis of routine data collected during the COVID-19 emergency in prison. We analysed the spatial distribution of cases and calculated global and specific attack rates (AR). We assessed prevention and control measures. By 30 April 2020, 57 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 66 clinically probable cases were recorded among a population of 1,480. Global AR was 8.3%. The index case was a custodial officer. Two clusters were detected among custodial staff and healthcare workers. On 31 March, a confirmed case was identified among detained individuals. COVID-19 spread by physical proximity or among subgroups with cultural affinity, resulting in a cluster of 22 confirmed cases. Following index case identification, specific measures were taken including creation of a multidisciplinary task-force, increasing diagnostic capacity, contact tracing and dedicated isolation areas. Expanded use of personal protective equipment, environmental disinfection and health promotion activities were also implemented. Outbreaks of COVID-19 in prison require heightened attention and stringent comprehensive measures.

scholarly journals Dynamic evolution of schistosomiasis distribution under different control strategies: Results from surveillance covering 1991–2014 in Guichi, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0008976
Author(s):  
Yi Hu ◽  
Robert Bergquist ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Yongwen Ke ◽  
Jianjun Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Village

Background Since the founding of the China, the Chinese government, depending on the changing epidemiological situations over time, adopted different strategies to continue the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis in the country. Although the changing pattern of schistosomiasis distribution in both time and space is well known and has been confirmed by numerous studies, the problem of how these patterns evolve under different control strategies is far from being understood. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate the spatio-temporal change of the distribution of schistosomiasis with special reference to how these patterns evolve under different control strategies. Methodology / Principal findings Parasitological data at the village level were obtained through access to repeated cross-sectional surveys carried out during 1991–2014 in Guichi, a rural district along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, China. A hierarchical dynamic spatio-temporal model was used to evaluate the evolving pattern of schistosomiasis prevalence, which accounted for mechanism of dynamics of the disease. Descriptive analysis indicates that schistosomiasis prevalence displayed fluctuating high-risk foci during implementation of the chemotherapy-based strategy (1991–2005), while it took on a homogenous pattern of decreasing magnitude in the following period when the integrated strategy was implemented (2006–2014). The dynamic model analysis showed that regularly global propagation of the disease was not present after the effect of proximity to river was taken into account but local pattern transition existed. Maps of predicted prevalence shows that relatively high prevalence (>4%) occasionally occurred before 2006 and prevalence presents a homogenous and decreasing trend over the study area afterwards. Conclusions Proximity to river is still an important determinant for schistosomiasis infection regardless of different types of implemented prevention and control strategies. Between the transition from the chemotherapy-based strategy to the integrated one, we noticed a decreased prevalence. However, schistosomiasis would remain an endemic challenge in these study areas. Further prevention and control countermeasures are warranted.

scholarly journals Challenges to Infection Control Team during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Quaternary Medical Center in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Hala A Amer ◽  
Ibrahim A Alowidah ◽  
Chasteffi Bugtai ◽  
Barbara M. Soule ◽  
Ziad A Memish
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: King Saud Medical City (KSMC) is a quaternary care center based in the center of the capital city, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and is one of the key Ministry of Health (MoH) facilities dedicated to the care of COVID-19 patients in the central region. Methods: A comprehensive surge plan was promptly launched in mid-March 2020 to address the pandemic and then expanded in a phase-wise approach. Supporting the capacity of the infection prevention and control department (IPCD) was one of the main pillars of KSMC surge plan. Task force Infection Control teams have been formulated to tackle the different aspects of pandemic containment processes. The challenges and measures undertaken by the IPC team have been described. Conclusion: Realizing the more prominent role of infection prevention and control staff as frontline responders to public health emergencies like COVID-19, a solid infection prevention and control system at the healthcare setting supported by qualified and sufficient manpower, a well-developed multidisciplinary team approach, electronic infrastructure and efficient supply utilization is required for effective crisis management.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19: Salient Facts and Strategies to Combat Ongoing Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1663-1674
Author(s):  
Ranjit Sah ◽  
Nayanum Pokhrel ◽  
Zareena Fathah ◽  
Akihiko Ozaki ◽  
Divya Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
One Health ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Affected Person ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an emerging novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has now rapidly spread to more than 215 countries and has killed nearly 0.75 million people out of more than 20 million confirmed cases as of 10th August, 2020. Apart from affecting respiratory system, the virus has shown multiple manifestations with neurological affections and damaging kidneys. SARS-CoV-2 transmission mainly occurs through close contact of COVID-19 affected person, however air-borne route is also now considered as dominant route of virus spread. The virus has been implicated to have originated from animals. Apart from bats, pangolins and others being investigates to play role in transmitting SARS-CoV-2 as intermediate hosts, the recent reports of this virus infection in other animals (cats, dogs, tigers, lions, mink) suggest one health approach implementation along with adopting appropriate mitigation strategies. Researchers are pacing to develop effective vaccines and drugs, few reached to clinical trials also, however these may take time to reach the mass population, and so till then adopting appropriate prevention and control is the best option to avoid SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article presents an overview on this pandemic virus and the disease it causes, with few recent concepts and advances.

Potential of ICT in India to Cater Pandemics in Healthcare Sector with Special Reference to Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Zafar Majeed Rather ◽  
Magray Ajaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
Corona Virus

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei province, and has since spread globally, resulting in the ongoing 2019–20 corona virus pandemic. As of 9 June 2020, more than 7.12 million cases have been reported across 187 countries and territories, resulting in more than 406,000 deaths. More than 3.29 million people have recovered. The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact, often via small droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking. The disease has been given official name as COVID-19[1]. Since its outbreak in china, infrared thermometers were used to check the body temperature in order to identify the infected people. Countries like China and Korea started the use of different technologies to detect, track and prevent the spread of this deadly virus. Among the major technologies used are Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep learning. With the invent of 5G technologies, we are able to transfer and process huge amounts of data on a real time basis. Health experts have argued that a key tool at governments’ disposal to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, and which was not around during the 1918 Spanish Flu, is the ability to harness digital technologies to track the spread. At the same time, deployment of contact tracing apps by governments or public health authorities has added to the debate on online privacy and personal data protection. In this research paper, we discuss the potential application of different information and communication technologies (ICT) like IoT, AI and 5G that can help in (i) Monitoring (ii) surveillance (iii) detection and prevention of COVID-19 and enhancing the healthcare to make it future-ready for any such diseases like COVID-19.

Asthma prevention. Task Force on Research and Education for the Prevention and Control of Respiratory Diseases

CHEST Journal ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 216S-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Bailey ◽  
N. M. Clark ◽  
A. R. Gotsch ◽  
R. J. Lemen ◽  
G. T. O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Asthma Prevention ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus in poultry, with special emphasis on methicillin-resistant strain infection: A comprehensive review from one health perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
And Control

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus normally present on the skin and internal organs of animals, birds, and humans. Under certain conditions, S. aureus could produce septicemia and affection of the skin, joints, and heart, as well as sepsis and death. The pathogenicity of S. aureus is associated with the presence of some virulent surface proteins and the production of some virulent toxins and enzymes. This pathogen is considered one of the most important and worldwide foodborne causes as it is incriminated in most cases of food poisoning. The hazardous use of antibiotics in the veterinary field leads to the development of multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains that can be transmitted to humans. The incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains has increased globally. These resistant strains have been detected in live animals, poultry, and humans. In addition, retail animal products, especially those of avian origin, are considered the main source of MRSA strains that can be easily transmitted to humans. MRSA infection is regarded as nosocomial or occupational. Humans get infected with MRSA strains through improper handling or preparation of contaminated animals or poultry carcasses or improper cooking with contaminated meat. Live birds also can transmit MRSA to close-contact workers in poultry farms. Transmission of MRSA infection in hospitals is from an infected individual to a healthy one. Prevention and control of MRSA are based on the application of hygienic measures in farms as well as proper processing, handling, and cooking of retail poultry products. The cooperation between veterinary and human practitioners is a must to avoid the possibility of zoonotic transmission. Accordingly, this review focused on the sources and transmission of MRSA infection, virulence and resistance factors, incidence and prevalence in poultry and different products, antibiotic resistance, and prevention and control strategies.

scholarly journals COVID-19 prevention and control measures in workplace settings: a rapid review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Ingram ◽  
Vicky Downey ◽  
Mark Roe ◽  
Fionn Cléirigh Büttner ◽  
Yanbing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
And Control

Workplaces are high-risk environments for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent community transmission. Identifying, understanding, and implementing effective workplace SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is critical to protect workers, their families, and communities. A rapid review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize evidence assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 IPC measures implemented in global workplace settings through April 2021. Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies that quantitatively assessed the effectiveness of workplace COVID-19 IPC measures. Included studies comprised varying empirical designs and occupational settings. Measures of interest included surveillance measures, outbreak investigations, personal protective equipment (PPE), changes in work arrangements, and worker education. Sixty-three studies from international healthcare, nursing home, meatpacking, manufacturing, and office settings were included, accounting for ~280,000 employees. Meta-analyses showed that combined measures (0.2% positivity; 95%CI 0-0.4%) were associated with lower post-intervention employee COVID-19 positivity estimates than single measures like asymptomatic PCR testing (1.7%; 95%CI 0.9-2.9%) and universal masking (24%; 95%CI 3.4-55.5%). Modelling studies showed that combinations of (i) timely and widespread contact tracing and case isolation, (ii) facilitating smaller worker cohorts, and (iii) effective use of PPE can reduce workplace transmission. Comprehensive COVID-19 IPC measures incorporating swift contact tracing and case isolation, PPE, and facility zoning, can effectively prevent workplace outbreaks. Masking alone should not be considered as sufficient protection from SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in workplace environments at high risk of virus transmission.

scholarly journals Partner Notification for Gonorrhea and Syphilis in Belgrade

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Bjekić ◽  
Hristina Vlajinac
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Partner Notification ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
And Control

Abstract “Contact tracing” or “partner notification” refers to clinicians’ efforts to identify sex partners of infected persons to ensure their medical evaluation and treatment. For many years partner notification has been a cornerstone in the management of patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and it is the essential component in the control of these infections. Clinicians’ efforts to ensure the treatment of a patient’s sex partners can reduce the risk for re-infection and potentially diminish transmission of STIs. Partner notification includes three different approaches for notifying the sexual partners of the person infected with a STI: provider referral, patient referral, and contract referral. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of partner notification among syphilis and gonorrhea cases registered at the City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases in Belgrade in 2016, and its contribution to prevention and control of these diseases. A retrospective chart review of patients with gonorrhea and early syphilis registered in 2016 was undertaken. We analyzed data about the possible source of infection as well as sexual orientation, provided on the official form for notification of syphilis and gonorrhea. The study included 112 male patients, 67 with gonorrhea and 45 with syphilis. Out of three modalities of partner notification offered to patients, only patient notification of sexual partner/s was accepted. Although all patients accepted this type of partner notification, index patients with gonorrhea notified only 17 partners (25.4%) and index patients with syphilis also notified 17 partners (37.8%). The effectiveness of partner notification for gonorrhea and syphilis cases was only 30.4%, and its contribution to prevention and control of these diseases was lower than we expected. National guidelines offering standardized protocols for partner notification service provision can improve this process, as a novel approach with non-traditional method of partner notification such as patient-delivered partner therapy.

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