Emancipation of Women in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the austro-hungarian administration (1878-1918)

After the Congress of Berlin in 1878, in Bosnia and Hercegovina we saw big changes. The Austrian government was building roads, and railroad tracks. In the Austro-Hungarian period, also they changed their architectural style; from the prevailing ottoman one to more like in Vienna or Prague. This situation was a short time, in live only one generation. These changes affected to life and behavior of Bosnia and Hercegovinas’ citizens. Was changed several people, because after the Austrian arrive, a lot of Muslims Bosniacs, and Turks, were left this part. There were elites in this place. Their positions, how “new elites” take people which they came from different part of the Habsburg Monarchy; Hungarians, Germans, Poles, Czechs, etc. They were taking new ideas, how feminism. The emancipation of women was something new in these places. The first woman, which was proclaiming the slogans, as teachers. On the article we can show two examples; Jelica Belović-Bernadzikowska, and Jagoda Truhelka. They were born in Osijek, from giving Bosnian part ideas, that girl needs to will independent and need to have good graduated. These modern ideas, supported, in a way, the government because in the country was a school program for girls. Austro-Hungarian politics was building a school for girls, and take some scholarship went girl studied in University, how Marija Bergman, born in Bosnia, daughter of some Jews officials. However teachers not only modern women, similar roles had women-doctors. Girls who graduated Faculty of Medicine, arrive in Bosnia and Hercegovina and help Muslim women. Poles Teodora Krajewska and Czechs Anna Bayerova also take ideas of feminism, but, most important that she was great respect between patience. Propagating the feministic ideas was thinking which affect all women. Most important was not only slogans but also changes in everyday life normal family in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The other day only men can work on the farmland or work. After the Congress of Berlin situations was changed. On the consequences, women must be going to work, often how a worker in fabric. Work was hard, but women first time have their cash. Automatically her position in society was better. These situations have consequences for the city, as like villages. We sow this situation in the book Vere Ehrlich, which researched this topic in the interwar period. In the article, we went to show, that this changing was things also women, which life to margin, how prostitutes. Naturally, their life was always difficult, but the new government also got assistance. Habsburg's administration knew, that better control of specific profession, because this is the way how deal with the epidemic of syphilis, and something like this. In this work, we use scientific literature and documents from archives, mainly the Archive of Federation Bosnia and Hercegovina, and Historical Archive from city Sarajevo, when was document fo Jelica Belović-Bernadzikowska. How method we use case study and analyzing to literature and historical sources.

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Increasing Competition for University and the Challenge of Access for Government School Students—A Case Study

Australian Journal of Education ◽

10.1177/000494410805200306 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 287-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Daniel Edwards

Keyword(s):

School Students ◽

Government School ◽

Educationally Disadvantaged ◽

University Campuses ◽

University Courses ◽

Education Degree ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

There is a wide variety of universities, university campuses and university courses in Australia available to those interested in pursuing a higher education degree. This paper examines the impact of increasing competition for entrance to university on the educational outcomes for students from the government school sector. Using Melbourne as a case study, the research shows that, over a four-year period of increased competition, entry to some of the more academically accessible university campuses in the city became more difficult and this disproportionately affected the opportunities for university entrance among some groups. Despite the fact that there was no noticeable change in the academic standards achieved by government school completers, the rate at which government school students gained access to these universities declined noticeably during this time. These findings show how changes in supply of university places from year to year can have a profound effect on the opportunities of secondary-school completers—particularly those in more educationally disadvantaged settings.

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Ecclesiastical Monuments of Brașov/Kronstadt/Brassó and the (Imagined) Topography of a Transylvanian City in Late Medieval and Early Modern Times

Transilvania ◽

10.51391/trva.2021.01.06 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Liviu Cîmpeanu

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Interesting Case ◽

Modern World ◽

Historical Sources ◽

Late Medieval ◽

Modern Times ◽

Early Modern Times ◽

The City ◽

Insight Into

By definition, a monument has extraordinary features that mark landscape and human minds alike. Without any doubt, the Medieval and Early Modern World of Europe was marked by ecclesiastical monuments, from great cathedrals and abbeys to simple chapels and altars at crossroads. A very interesting case study offers Braşov/ Kronstadt/Brassó, in the south-eastern corner of Transylvania, where historical sources attest several ecclesiastic monuments, in and around the city. Late medieval and early modern documents and chronicles reveal not only interesting data on the monasteries, churches and chapels of Braşov/Kronstadt/Brassó, but also on the way in which citizens and outsiders imagined those monuments in their mental topography of the city. The inhabitants of Braşov/ Kronstadt/Brassó and foreign visitors saw the monasteries, churches and chapels of the city, kept them in mind and referred to them in their (written) accounts, when they wanted to locate certain facts or events. The present paper aims in offering an overview of the late medieval and early modern sources regarding the ecclesiastical monuments of Braşov/Kronstadt/Brassó, as well as an insight into the imagined topography of a Transylvanian city.

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THE STRATEGY TO ENHANCE THE SHARIAH FINANCIAL LITERACY AND INCLUSION IN INDONESIA (Case Study at Financial Services Authority Office in The City of Malang)

Management and Economics Journal (MEC-J) ◽

10.18860/mec-j.v1i1.4529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Ma’rufa Khotiawan ◽

Muhammad Luthfiansyah

Keyword(s):

Financial Literacy ◽

Financial Services ◽

Financial Management ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

National Strategy ◽

Research Needs ◽

Know How ◽

The Government ◽

The City

The results of the survey of literacy and Financial Inclusion Shari'ah in Indonesia 2016 each show numbers 8.11 % and 11.06 %. Whereas the inhabitants of the religion of Islam in Indonesia more than 85%. With this then needs to be formulated strategies that can increase the level of literacy and financial inclusion shari'ah in Indonesia. The importance of literacy improvement and Financial Inclusion Shari'ah to improve the behavior of the community in financial management and to improve the welfare of them. So that priorities are intended to know how the strategy applied to increasing literacy and Financial Inclusion Shari'ah. This research uses qualitative research method with the approach of the case study. The results of this research are some government policy that is contained in the form of National Strategy for Financial Literacy Indonesia (SNLKI) to improve financial literacy Shari'ah and inclusive Financial National Strategy (SNKI) to improve financial inclusion. But the next research needs to examined and monitored about various programs to increase shari'a literacy and financial inclusion is doing by the government.Keywords: Sharia Financial Literacy, Sharia Financial Inclusion, the strategy.

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Hidden, Unwanted or Simply Forgotten? A Bioarchaeological Profile of the Subačius Street 41 Population

Archaeologia Lituana ◽

10.15388/archlit.2019.20.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 116-138

Author(s):

Justina Kozakaitė ◽

Žydrūnė Miliauskienė

Keyword(s):

17Th Century ◽

Average Height ◽

Historical Sources ◽

Burial Site ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

The People ◽

Anthropological Research ◽

First Time ◽

The City ◽

Source Of Information

In 2014–2015, an unknown 16th–17th-century cemetery was discovered at the Subačius Street 41 plot in Vilnius. The uncovered human remains are considered to be one of the most abundant and best-preserved anthropological material in the territory of present-day Vilnius. Paradoxically, historical sources do not mention this burial site, although the abundance of the interred individuals does not imply an accidental burial, but perhaps a functioning cemetery for some time. In such exceptional cases, the only source of information is the synthesis of archaeological and anthropological research data.This article presents preliminary results and a brief overview of bioarchaeological (demographic, paleopathological, and dental research, height reconstruction) investigation. A total of 151 individuals were studied, with almost half (45%) of them consisting of children. Almost 60% of the individuals had one or more pathological lesions. The average height of male individuals was estimated 168.2 cm, the average height of females was 157.8 cm. The aim of this study can be defined as twofold: an attempt to identify the people buried outside the city walls and systematize for the first time the bioarchaeological data of one-out-of-many Vilnius populations. Currently, the Subačius Street 41 population does not resemble a typical urban community, so the study itself is the first attempt to reveal the osteobiography of these 16th–17th century Vilnius residents.

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The Construction of City Images in Micro Films: A Case Study of Taipei City Government

World Journal of Social Science Research ◽

10.22158/wjssr.v2n2p336 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 336

Author(s):

Chia-ju, Lin

Keyword(s):

Rapid Development ◽

City Government ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Taipei City ◽

The Media ◽

The Government ◽

The City ◽

Selection Of ◽

Romance Narratives

In recent years, with the rapid development of the media, an increasing number of corporations and even government agencies are using the new format known as the micro film as a means of advertising and marketing. In this study, we took the micro films produced by the Taipei City Government as objects of analysis to investigate the image of the city as constructed in and produced by these films. Furthermore, in this study, the symbol of image in three such micro films was studied: Love@Taipei, My Micro Tour of Taipei, and Happily Ever After. It was found that in these films, the characteristics of the city of Taipei have been presented accurately and successfully by means of the [appropriate selection of] celebrity performers, the romance narratives used, and the lively presentation of these films. Therefore, these films have foregrounded an image of Taipei that is free, friendly, diverse, and progressive; furthermore, they have successfully conveyed the idea that “Taipei is a city that is positive and capable of outstanding achievements”. These films, designed to attract audiences, have been made with great skill and portray little elements of the government-run campaigns they are actually part of, thus making them even more entertaining for viewers.

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Stable Isotope Dietary Analysis on Human Remains: A case Study at Khirbet Aqabet Al Qadi Burial Chamber, Nablus, Palestine

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/rdc.2019.65 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 1107-1120

Author(s):

Loay Abu Alsaud ◽

Awni Shawamra ◽

Amer Qobbaj ◽

Jehad Yasin ◽

Mohammad Al-Khateeb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Stable Isotope Analysis ◽

Isotope Analysis ◽

Human Remains ◽

City Center ◽

Dietary Analysis ◽

Agricultural Use ◽

First Time ◽

The City

ABSTRACTIn 2016, a burial chamber hewn into limestone was discovered at Khirbet Aqabet Al Qadi on the northwestern slope of Mount Ebal, 2km north of the city center of Nablus. The floor of the chamber is 3.15 × 2.9 m and the height averages 1.8 m. A movable closure at the entrance consists of a limestone slab. The burial chamber houses four sarcophagi. The aim of this case study is to give information not only on the burial chamber but also, for the first time in the region, on human remains. Stable isotope analysis of a human bone sample enabled us to obtain dietary information on one individual. Due to low collagen content, the sample did not allow precise dating but it can be placed between 50 BC and 50 AD. Systematic illegal excavation and looting at funerary sites in the Nablus area has caused material for potential information to be missing at the site. Nonetheless, the dietary information obtained supports other material finds indicating Mediterranean agricultural use of the land. Our evidence demonstrates that the site dates to between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD.

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Circular Economy for Food Policy: The Case of the RePoPP Project in The City of Turin (Italy)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11216078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 6078

Author(s):

Franco Fassio ◽

Bianca Minotti

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Food Policy ◽

Research Areas ◽

Problems And Solutions ◽

New Business ◽

Food Policies ◽

New Research ◽

First Time ◽

The City

Circular economy for food (CE) and food policies (FP) are two emerging but already prominent research areas, particularly when talking about the cities of the future. This paper analyzes the dynamics between these two fields of research, starting from review articles and the analysis of a case study, underlying the fundaments that FP and CE share. In particular, this paper focuses on using circular economy (CE) indicators and strategies to shape urban food policies (FP) to create a new business and political model towards sustainability. It introduces four converging perspectives, emerging from the literature, and analyzes how they have been integrated in the case study RePoPP (Re-design Project of Organic waste in Porta Palazzo market), a circular project born from the FP of the City of Turin (Italy). RePoPP is indeed a multi-actor project of urban circular food policies against food waste, which demonstrates how a circular approach can be the turning point in the creation of new food policies. This article wants to define for the first time a new research framework called “circular economy for food policy”, along with its characteristics: the application of a systemic approach and CE to problems and solutions, the need for a transdisciplinary and integrated project design for the 9R (responsibility, react, reduce, reuse, re-design, repair, recover, recycle, and rot), the use of food as a pivot of cross-sectoral change, and a new form of collaborative and integrated governance.

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Parameters for Public Space Architecture. Informal Commerce Dynamics, as an Opportunity to Stimulate Urban Scenarios. Case Study Cali-Colombia

Modern Applied Science ◽

10.5539/mas.v12n8p27 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Gustavo Arteaga ◽

Edier Segura ◽

Diego Escobar

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

City Center ◽

Interesting Phenomenon ◽

The Public ◽

General Terms ◽

The Social ◽

The Government ◽

Space Architecture ◽

The City

In the last decades, the occupation of the pedestrian routes and in general of the public space in the city center of Cali Colombia, have been evidencing diverse phenomena, which to a great extent respond to the accelerated growth of the urban population, where the migrations that have occurred in the interior of the country (fruit of the social conflicts of the last decades), have particularly marked the realities. In Cali, on 10th and 15th streets, near the Government Building, the Palace of Justice and the Municipal Administrative Center - CAM, the public space in general terms has been stressed in a particular way, which has generated conflicts in the surfaces designed for the pedestrians, since they are occupied by vendors in the midst of the informality routines, forcing the pedestrian to use the automobile tracks being a notorious and interesting phenomenon, when observing the factors that produce it and using them as parameters in the design of architectural spaces that contribute to improvement.

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Analysis on Fiscal Capacity and Regional Financial Acceleration: A Case Study on Ternate City, Indonesia

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.26896 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.34) ◽

pp. 410

Author(s):

Abdul Hadi Sirat ◽

Irfan Zam-Zam ◽

Zikri Muhammad

Keyword(s):

Financial Management ◽

Local Governments ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Regional Autonomy ◽

The Government ◽

Regional Product ◽

The City ◽

Regional Work

Indonesian Act No. 32 and 33 by 2014 about the formation of the regional autonomy is a challenge for local governments to utilize the potentials of the region. One of the local revenues for enhancing fiscal area is Regional Own Source Revenue (PAD), which are sourced from taxes and retributions. This research aims to analyze the financial management from the Government of Ternate. The secondary data collected from DPD, BPS, and offices related to the financial areas in 2010 – 2014 as well as data on the results of interviews with officials of the Regional Work Unit that has been appointed. By descriptive analysis, the result showed that economic growth has increased and indicated the increment of regional GDP. Based on the percentage of each sector against the Gross Domestic Regional Product in 2010 – 2014, trade, hotels and restaurants as well as other sectors were significantly contributing. The analysis found that the city of Ternate has not been financially able to carry out regional autonomy. However, the Government of Ternate is expected to improve regional financial capability by implementing intensification, the efforts to internally optimize local taxes and levies, and intensification, the efforts to expand and utilize new potentialities over regional tax and levies, to improve fiscal capability of the city of Ternate. To conclude, the effort in increase the District Own Source Revenue can be done by implementing intensification and intensification of regional tax and retribution.

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Brigdeheader Space for Dwell in Jakarta

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.136 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 747 ◽

pp. 136-140

Author(s):

Deni ◽

Salwin

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Low Cost ◽

Practical Observation ◽

Low Cost Housing ◽

The Government ◽

Almost All ◽

The City ◽

Collection Methods

Bridgeheader is one of the typology of low-income people in the city who assume that the house is only ‘a springboard’ for their life in the city. This group of people dwelt not far from the location of their place to work; occupying marginal spaces in the city and its environment tend to be slump. Almost all areas in the city of Jakarta have marginal spaces, therefore the government attempt to improve the quality of their houses, for example by providing low-cost housing. In fact the low-cost house which was provided by the government failed to be ‘consumed’ by the brigdeheaders at the time when the used value of the house has been turned into market value. The research aimed to determine such approaches of use value of the house that can be ‘consumed’ by the brigdeheader, but did not undermine the space in the city. Data collection methods using practical observation conducted with interviews. While the analysis using descriptive pragmatic method in four case study area in Jakarta. The findings indicate that the concept of house for this group is not determined only by the ‘low price tag’ but also ‘the way of use’ of the space contributed with the result that the house can be ‘consumed’ well.

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