scholarly journals ISSUES RELATED TO THE FORMATION OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.А. Кудайбергенов ◽  
А.М. Адилова ◽  
М.Қ. Әлиев ◽  
М.А. Алтынбеков ◽  
N. Kudaidergenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Statements ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Accounting Policy

Мақалада шағын кәсіпорындардағы бухгалтерлік есепте қалыптасатын ақпараттың пайдалылығын анықтайтын талаптар мен бухгалтерлік ақпараттың сапалық сипаттамалары қарастырылған. Ғылыми мақалада шағын кәсіпорын кез-келген басқа шаруашылық субъектісімен қатар бухгалтерлік есеп жүргізу мақсатында есеп саясатын жасауға міндетті екендігі айтылған. Сонымен қатар есеп саясаты-бұл ұйымдағы бухгалтерлік есеп ережелерін белгілейтін негізгі құжаттардың бірі екендігі қарастырылған. Бұл мақалада шағын кәсіпорындардың есеп саясатын қалыптастыруға әсер ететін факторлар қарастырылады. Атап айтқанда, жеңілдетілген бухгалтерлік есепті жүзеге асыратын шағын кәсіпорындардың есеп саясатын қалыптастыру тәртібі ашылды. Шағын кәсіпорындар, басқа коммерциялық ұйымдардан айырмашылығы, бухгалтерлік есеп, есептілік және салық салу нысандарының кең таңдауына ие екендігі атап өтілді. Авторлар, соңғы кезде кәсіпорында есеп саясаты тек бухгалтерлік есептің басқару жүйесінің негізгі тәсілдері мен құралы ғана емес, сонымен бірге салық есебінің де негізгісі болып табылатыны атап кеткен. Есеп саясатының қызметі кеңеюде және жоспарлау процесіне бағытталған: салықтық және қаржылық. Есеп саясатының тиімді және ұтымды ережесі қаржылық есептілігінен қызығушылық танытқан пайдаланушыларға толық және нақтылы ақпарат беруге кепілдеме береді, сонымен бірге шешім қабылдауда әсерін тигізіп және салық салу жүйесінде мңызды рөл атқарады. Кілт cөздep:Χaлықapaлық қapжылық eceп cтaндapттapы (XҚEC), Бyxгaлтepлiк eceп жaлпы қaғидaттapы (БEЖҚ), нapықтық қaтынacтap,eceп caяcaты, жоспарлау, нормалау, бухгалтерлік есепті қалпына келтіру, шағын кәсіпкерлік, есеп саясаты, бухгалтерлік ақпарат, экономика, қаржылық есептілік. Ключевые слοвa:междунapοдные стaндapты финaнсοвοй οтчетнοсти (МСФΟ), междунapοдные стaндapты бухгaлтеpскοгο учетa (МСБУ), взaимοοтнοшения, бухгaлтеpский учет, планирование, нормирование, возрождение учета, малые предприятия, налоговый учет, учетная политика, учетная информация, экономика, финансовая отчетность. The article considers the requirements and qualitative characteristics of accounting information in the accounting system for small enterprises that determine its usefulness. In the scientific article, it is noted that a small enterprise, along with any other business entity, is required to draw up an accounting policy for the purposes of accounting. The accounting policy is one of the main documents that sets the rules for accounting in an organization. This article discusses the factors that influence the formation of accounting policies of small enterprises. In particular, the procedure for forming the accounting policy of small enterprises engaged in simplified accounting is disclosed. It is noted that small enterprises, unlike other commercial organizations, have a wide range of options for accounting, reporting and taxation forms. The authors note that the company's accounting policy has recently become a key tool and way to manage the system of not only accounting, but also tax accounting. The functions of accounting policy are increasingly expanded and are aimed at tax and financial planning processes. The provisions of a rational and effective accounting policy can provide a full guarantee of the completeness and reliability of information for interested users of financial statements, as well as influence decision-making and play an important role in the tax system.

УЧЕТНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА КАК ОСНОВНОЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ ВНУТРИФИРМЕННОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ БУХГАЛТЕРСКОГО УЧЕТА МАЛЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ И ОЦЕНКА ЕЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. Altynbekov ◽  
G. Tussibayeva ◽  
T. Bekzhanova ◽  
B. Zhumataeva ◽  
М.А. Алтынбеков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Accounting Policy

It is generally recognized that accounting in an organization should be carried out according to certain rules. The problem is to establish such a set of rules, the implementation of which would ensure the maximum effect of accounting. Theoretically, there are three possible approaches to establishing the rules of accounting in an enterprise: centralized, decentralized and mixed. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, organizations develop and implement their own accounting policies. The accounting policy of the enterprise, as a set of rules for the implementation of the accounting method, should ensure the maximum effect of accounting. This means the timely formation of financial and management information, its reliability, objectivity, accessibility and usefulness for management decisions and a wide range of users. This article discusses the importance of the formation of accounting policy as the main element of the internal regulation of the accounting system. Special attention is paid to the principles of forming accounting policies for small enterprises, providing high-quality accounting information in a simplified accounting system for small enterprises. The authors note that at present the accounting policy is the most important tool for managing a small enterprise. With proper preparation of accounting policy, an organization can significantly change for the better its main indicators of the company's activity, build tax planning and pricing policy. The accounting policy is one of the main documents that establishes the rules of accounting in the organization. The very fact of the existence of an accounting policy implies a choice, a certain freedom granted to an economic entity when forming an information model of its organization. Общепризнанно, что бухгалтерский учет в организации должен осуществляться по определенным правилам. Проблема заключается в установлении такой совокупности правил, реализация которых обеспечила бы максимальный эффект от ведения учета. Теоретически возможны три подхода к установлению правил постановки бухгалтерского учета на предприятии: централизованный, децентрализованный и смешанный. В Республике Казахстан организации разрабатывают и проводят собственную учетную политику. Учетная политика предприятия, как совокупность правил реализации метода бухгалтерского учета должна обеспечивать максимальный эффект от ведения учета. При этом понимается своевременное формирование финансовой и управленческой информации, ее достоверность, объективность, доступность и полезность для управленческих решений и широкого круга пользователей. В данной статье рассматривается важность формирования учетной политики как основного элемента внутрифирменного регулирования системы бухгалтерского учета. Особое внимание уделено принципам формирования учетной политики для малых предприятий, предоставлению качественной бухгалтерской информации в упрощенной системе бухгалтерского учета для малых предприятий. Авторы отмечают, что в настоящее время учетная политика является важнейшим инструментом управления малым предприятием. При грамотном составлении учетной политики организация может существенно изменить в лучшую сторону свои основные показатели деятельности предприятия, построить налоговое планирование и ценовую политику. Учетная политика является одним из основных документов, который устанавливает правила ведения бухгалтерского учета в организации. Сам факт существования учетной политики предполагает выбор, определенную свободу, предоставленную экономическому субъекту при формировании информационной модели своей организации.

Optimization of Taxation and Accounting As a Condition of Small Innovative Business Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
M. Protasov ◽  
A. Aynazarov ◽  
R. Ahmadeev ◽  
T. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Complex Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Holding Back ◽  
The Impact

The article assesses the impact of the tax burden and optimization of the accounting system on the deterrent effect of choosing an innovative direction of activity by small businesses. Based on the results of the study, it was determined that the range of tax benefits and simplifications for accounting provided is quite a wide range and cannot be a deterrent to choosing an innovative type of activity. At the same time, a rather low innovative activity of small business was noted. Despite the fact that small innovative business has the ability to optimize taxation and accounting, many other factors have a complex effect on the choice of companies' activities, which leads to the effect of holding back the development of small enterprises in the innovative sector of the economy.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL ENTERPRISES AND THE SPECIFICS OF ORGANIZATION OF ITS ACCOUNTING TAXATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
O. S. D’yakonova ◽  
A. M. Puzankova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Russian Federation

The arguments, justifying the need to create a unified legislative framework, governing the accounting system of small enterprises, have been presented. The modern interpretations of the concept “small enterprise” have been considered. The criteria for classifying an enterprise as small in accordance with the legislative acts of the Russian Federation have been summarized. The features of accounting by small enterprises, which suggest a choice between a general or simplified accounting system, have been highlighted. Specific taxation systems for small enterprises have been determined and compared.

scholarly journals HUNGARIAN IFRS IMPLEMENTATION FROM TAX PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Fehér ◽  
◽  
Éva Karai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Horizontal Equity ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Corporate Income Taxation ◽  
Wide Range

The influence of corporate income taxation on financial statements presented on a domestic accounting standards basis differ by countries in a wide range. Corporate income taxation in Hungary has a strong connection to the Hungarian Accounting Act. From 2016 it is prescribed or allowed for specific companies to present their financial statements on IFRS basis. The transition represented not only a challenge in the accounting system of the companies, but the state had to face new tasks because the taxation of IFRS companies had to meet the tax principle of horizontal equity and ensure the proper tax revenue. Research data arise from financial statements of Hungarian companies listed on the Budapest Stock Exchange. The average effective tax rate of Hungarian listed companies decreased after the transition. Temporary tax rules for IFRS companies were applied to reach the tax level of the companies that prepare their financial statements following the Hungarian Accounting Law. Authors compare the results with empirical findings of other European countries.

MICROENTERPRISES AS AN OBJECT OF ACCOUNTING

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Крупинова ◽  
Ekaterina Krupinova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Special Character ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Double Entry ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Micro Enterprises

With the Federal Law № 209-FZ of 24.07.2007 “On Development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation” coming into force, a number of legal entities and persons have acquired a new institutional status - microenterpises. Current legislation does not distinguish the microenterprise as a separate type of small and medium-sized enterprise, but in fact, classifies it within the small-sized entrepreneurship. Such approach happens to overlook the essential distinctive features of microenterprise, in particular putting them out of scope of consideration when the simplified accounting and reporting protocols are drafted. According to the results of the study a system of qualitative characteristics of financial and economic activity of micro-enterprises was developed, which implies separation of specific characteristics of the microbusiness into three groups: personal basis, operating specifics, special impact of external factors. As a special character of microbusiness in the accounting and reporting was to maintain of accounting records for a simple system without the use of double-entry, and on the basis of data, obtained through a simple recording, create simplified forms of accounting financial statements. A concept of a simple accounting system was developed, which allows to organize the accounting of microenterprises, taking into account the qualitative characteristics of financial and economic activity. In view of the specific features of microbusiness, it is recommended to allocate microenterpises as a separate category of micro-small and medium-sized business. The results of this study can be taken into account in the design and implementation of targeted state support measures, including those which are aimed to reducing the administrative burden on micro-enterprises in connection with the duty to keep accounting records and submit financial statements accounting.

scholarly journals Methodical Aspects of Comprehensive Analysis of Financial Viability of Enterprise

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Iryna V. Nagorna ◽  
Viktoriia I. Benchak
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Wide Range

Global changes in the economic environment, global processes of accounting standardization necessitate a revision of the theoretical foundations, future development of methodological approaches and guidelines for the formation of financial statements of Ukrainian enterprises. Qualitative economic information, collected and processed within the accounting system of a business entity for a reporting period, should provide the opportunity to make informed management decisions focused on optimizing the operation of an enterprise and its further development. Information, on the financial condition and results of a business entity is of interest to a wide range of participants in the business process. Based on the study of open reporting information, its users make important management decisions. That is why the issues related to the improvement of the presentation methodology and the use of financial statements are relevant. The article considers the role of a comprehensive financial analysis of an enterprise, provides theoretical and practical foundations for improving the methodology of financial reporting of an enterprise. The financial and economic activity of an enterprise on the example of the limited liability company “LEASING INVEST” was considered, the necessary calculations characterizing the financial condition of the enterprise were carried out. The analysis of the financial condition provides an opportunity to obtain an assessment, identify the causes and factors of the achieved state, prepare and justify management decisions. It plays an important role in ensuring effective management, is responsible for the selection, evaluation and interpretation of financial, economic and other data that affect the financial decision-making process

scholarly journals ESTIMATED RESERVES AND ESTIMATED LIABILITIES: THE PROBLEM OF INTERPRETATION IN THE SYSTEM OF RUSSIAN LEGAL REGULATION OF ACCOUNTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
O. V. Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Statements ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Commercial Organizations

The Russian legal framework for accounting of estimated reserves and estimated liabilities of commercial organizations for the existing terminology space, the problems of correlation of the economic essence of these accounting categories and current legislation, the value of correct application of terminology in accounting (financial) statements for a wide range of stakeholders has been analysed. Special attention has been paid to the distinctive features of estimated reserves and estimated liabilities in the prism of their economic essence. Based on the results of the study, proposals regarding the interpretation of the concepts of “estimated reserve” and “estimated liability” in the implementation of the program to reform the Russian system of legal regulation of accounting and preparation of accounting (financial) statements have been formulated.

scholarly journals Enhancing quality of information through risk reporting in financial statements

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 671-682
Author(s):  
Mirela Nichita
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Risk Treatment ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Risk Reporting

Abstract When we bring in discussion risk, we think about danger, loss or other unfavorable consequences. In accounting and in finance area, the concept of risk is related to a wide range of terms, such as: cost - volume analysis, decision trees, discounted cash flows, capital assets pricing models, and the newly hedging concept. Effective risk management relates to risk assessment; risk evaluation; risk treatment; and risk reporting. Risk management highlights the actions that the entity takes in order to be prepared for any negative event. The objective of risk management is not to prevent or eliminate taking risk, but is to ensure that the risks is taken with complete knowledge and clear understanding so that it can be measured to help in mitigation. The paper will emphasizes a short evolution about accounting qualitative characteristics and how these features may conduct to a more transparent reporting and a balanced risk management processes. A key principle of comprehensive risk management is risk transparency, both in terms of internal risk reporting as well as external disclosure for users of information in making decision process.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Human Resources Policies and Regional Financial Accounting System on Regional Government Financial Statements’ Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Nahar ◽  
Subadriyah Subadriyah ◽  
Ali Sofwan
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Human Resources Policies

Accountability of local governments in the implementation of policies should be carried out with the financial statements present the quality. Qualitative characteristics of financial statements described in PP 24/ 2005 that the qualitative characteristics of financial statements is a normative measurement that needs to be realized in the accounting information that can be fulfil its purpose. To be able to raise the normative requirements, this characteristics is absolutely necessary in order to meet the government 's financial statements desired qualities are: relevant, reliable, comparable, and understandable.The population of this research is PPK-SKPD in Karesidenan Pati. Consisting of: Regency Jepara, Kudus, Pati , Rembang, Blora, and Grobogan, totally 113 SKPD with 73 respondents with a random sampling technique . Data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The results mentioned that human resource policies affect the quality of financial reporting by 4.167. Implementation of the system accounting effect on the quality of financial reporting by 3.309 % . Human resources policies and implementation of accounting systems affect the quality of financial statements. This study did not succeed accept hypothesis 5 proved that the value of t = -1.021 and p = 0.311, which means that the BPK audit does not affect the relationship between the Application System Accounting for the Quality of Regional Financial Statements.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE ACCOUNTING POLICY OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING EFFECTIVE INVENTORIES MANAGEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Olha Roieva
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Document Management ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Accounting Policy

The article considers the issues of organization and formation of inventory accounting policy, substantiates its role in the system of information support of inventory management processes and highlights the impact on the effectiveness of inventory management in the process of innovation activity. Based on the study of trends in the share of inventories of industrial enterprises and indicators of innovation development, it is established that inventories are not currently considered as a resource that has a significant impact on the innovation potential of the enterprise, and in combination with financial performance indicates inefficient investment in inventories and inefficient inventory management. It is proved that it is possible to increase the efficiency of inventory management due to the optimal organization of the inventory accounting system, the foundations of which are laid during the formation of accounting policies. The author's approach to understanding the accounting policy in the sphere of inventory accounting, which is considered as a set of principles, methods and procedures used by the company to generate quality, timely, relevant, clear, complete and reliable information about the availability, movement, storage and use of inventories, sufficient to make management decisions aimed at improving the efficiency of inventory management and disclosure of inventory information in the financial statements. Coverage of approaches to the formation of accounting policy is based on a combination of organizational, technological and methodological components of accounting policy. The first (organizational and technological) component includes such elements as: inventory principles, laws and regulations concerning accounting of inventories, forms of primary documents and internal management reporting used for inventory accounting, document management rules and accounting information processing technology, control procedures on the movement of inventories and the responsibility of officials, the procedure and frequency of revaluation of inventories and inventory count, the order of analytical inventory, the unit of natural measurement of inventories for each unit of accounting, the interaction of accounting with other services during the transfer and exchange of inventory. The second component (methodological) reveals the principles and rules of receipt, processing, recording and transmission of inventory information, inventory valuation rules, inventory accounting (development of a working plan of accounts), disclosure of inventory information in the financial statements. It has been considered such main elements of organizational, technological and methodological components: features of the work plan of inventory accounts, the issue of documentation of inventory transactions, the recognition of inventories and their evaluation, document management rules, accounting for transport and procurement costs. Variable elements of inventory accounting policy are identified.

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