scholarly journals The Identity Crisis of the Contemporary Muslim Ummah: The Loss of Tawhidic Epistomoly as its Root Cause

ICR Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-653
Author(s):  
Osman Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Knowledge Community ◽  
Substantial Loss ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Modern Era

The author aims to show that the identity of the Muslim community (ummah) in the modern and contemporary period is in a state of crisis. The ummah is defined as a knowledge-community founded on, nourished and sustained by the quranic tawhidic epistemology. The article presents an established concept and theory of crisis for the purpose of arguing that the ummah is facing a knowledge- and identity-crisis. It traces the roots of this crisis to the substantial loss of the tawhidic epistemology that has helped sustain this identity for the greater part of Islamic history before the modern era. It argues further that Muslim modern education in the colonial era based on secular epistemologies quickened the decline of tawhidic epistemology to the point of making it helpless to respond effectively to the challenges posed by those modern epistemologies. The author argues that an unresolved intellectual conflict between the surviving elements of tawhidic epistemology and modern epistemologies has resulted in an epistemological crisis of great consequences to Muslim life and thought. To help overcome this epistemological crisis, he argues for the renewal (tajdid) of tawhidic epistemology in the light of contemporary human thought. Concrete measures are also suggested as to helping make this renewal a reality.  

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Ali
Keyword(s):  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
American Muslim ◽  
Narrative Framework

This introductory chapter presents three vignettes that illustrate the four narratives that frame this book: the notion of an identity crisis among young Muslims, the purported conflict between a “pure or true” Islam and a “cultural” Islam, an alleged “Islamization of America,” and the imperative for creating an American Muslim community and culture. It also sketches the methodology employed in the book, detailing the centrality of a narrative framework from the inception of this project to its methods, the challenges encountered, the analysis, and ultimately to the production of this ethnographic narrative. This beginning chapter argues that narrative is a particularly useful way to examine identity.

scholarly journals Syed Ahmed Khan and His Educational Ideas

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-124
Author(s):  
Arshad Alam
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Medium Education ◽  
And Gender

Syed Ahmed Khan is understood as the harbinger of modern education amongst Muslims of South Asia. There is a general scholarly consensus that it was through his educational efforts that English medium education came to Muslims who were otherwise aligned with traditional religious education. The commentary argues that this consensus needs revision and that Muslims were already accessing modern education through the English medium even before Syed Ahmed started his college at Aligarh. Moreover, the commentary also problematizes the notion of Muslim community within Syed Ahmed’s thought. Through his writings and speeches, it is pointed out that for Syed Ahmed, the notion of Muslim community was confined to upper caste Muslims called the Ashrafs. Also, Syed Ahmed’s views were extremely regressive when it came to women’s education. Despite Aligarh being a modern university which is accessible to all castes and gender, Syed Ahmed’s legacy has not been critically analysed. The commentary is a small start in this direction

scholarly journals وسطية الإسلام في التعامل بين الحاكم والمحكوم

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najm Abd Rahman Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Good Care ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
The Real ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Modern Era

Islamic religion has been taking good care of political issues as well as other issues. Therefore, we can find verses in Quran about governance, judiciary and peace, with other verses about prayers, zakat and decency. All those verses can be linked together with one common link, true devotion to Almighty Allah, unity in accepting everything from Him, a righteous attemption to build life according to the best standard, similar to what have been prepared to our hereafter and for meeting our Lord. There are many verses in Quran about governance and succession, as well as managing people justly. Political sides of Islamic nation in the modern era are imponderable between push and pull, and between bickering and hypocritical. It has been identified that the moderation, balance and moderation of what Allah intended to have been lost. Hence, examples of cooperation between the ruler and the rule in Islamic history that embodied three case: 1. moderation and balance, 2. flattery and adulation, and 3. resistance and brawl. These are the major problem statement for this paper. This paper focuses on bringing back all muslims to the moderate model of politic that has been prescribed and legislated by Islamic teachings. Political issues such as the responsibilities of the ruler and his specifications, as well as the responsibilities of the followers and their obeyance, are described in this paper according to Quranic verses, Prophet's traditions, and traditions of the first three centuries of this Islamic nation, as these sources contributed to the real understanding of Islamic teaching.

Dis-orienting Western Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeus Leonardo
Keyword(s):  
Primary Grades ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Curricular Change ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
University Life ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Opening Up

The decolonization movement is a knowledge project insofar as colonialism was an epistemological form of imperialism. As such, curricular change in the primary grades to university life requires a fundamental reworking of theories of knowledge, if not knowledge itself. To interrogate this problem and pose possible interventions, this article explicates Edward Said’s conceptualization of colonialism as taking place on an epistemic level that orients western knowledge towards non-western ways through a will to dominate. Extending beyond the administrative colonial era, coloniality in the modern era, more appropriately called postcoloniality, transforms as a knowledge relation. Decolonization requires dis-orienting this relationship through Said’s methodology. Finally, the article argues that a ‘travelling curriculum’ poses an alternative against the dominant mode of knowledge that aims to fix and essentialize people, ultimately opening up the known world towards processes of co-existence.

Remembering Saladin: The Crusades and the Politics of Heresy in Persian Historiography

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-253
Author(s):  
DANIEL BEBEN
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Complete Exclusion ◽  
Modern Era

AbstractIn this study I examine the presentation of Saladin and the Crusades within the genre of Persian universal histories produced from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century. While a number of recent studies have begun to explore the place of the Crusades in the historical memory of the Islamic world, to date little attention has been given to the question of the manner in which the ensuing Mongol conquests affected subsequent Muslim memory of the Crusades. In this article I argue that historiographers of the Mongol and post-Mongol eras largely sought to legitimate the conquests through evocation of heresy and by celebrating the Mongols’ role in combating alleged heretical elements within Muslim society, most notably the Ismāʿīlīs. While Saladin is universally remembered today first and foremost for his re-conquest of Jerusalem from the Crusaders, within the context of the agenda of Persian historiography of the post-Mongol era the locus of his significance was shifted to his overthrow of the Ismāʿīlī Fatimid dynasty in Egypt, to the almost complete exclusion of his role in the Crusades. This article challenges long-standing assumptions that the figure of Saladin was largely forgotten within the Muslim world until the colonial era, and instead presents an alternative explanation for the supposed amnesia in the Muslim world regarding the Crusades in the pre-modern era.

scholarly journals “Modern” Education Finance: How It Differs from the “Old” and the Analytic and Data Collection Changes It Implies

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Education Finance ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Private Market ◽  
Data Elements ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The U.S

This article contends that a new concept of education finance has emerged in response to substantial alterations in the U.S. education policy environment. The major distinction between modern and old is that the latter was principally concerned with arrangements of inputs in K-12 schooling. The former, modern-era education finance, is concerned with relationships of inputs to schooling outcomes. This modern education finance paradigm provokes a need for (1) research and data extending into the operations of education itself, not just financing; (2) far more fine-grained information than now exists regarding education inputs, throughputs, and outputs; (3) cohesive concepts for linking these data elements with one another to better understand their interactions; (4) an expanded set of outcome measures; (5) information about how previously public sector, dominant-education offerings interact with expanded private market conditions; and (6) better linkage between K-12 and postsecondary data and analyses.

scholarly journals God’s Rule

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
Charles Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Present Book ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Legal Legitimacy ◽  
Scholarly Contribution

Originally intended as a short textbook codifying the existing knowledge ofIslamic political thought, Patricia Crone’s God’s Rule developed into a fullerand more comprehensive examination of the first six centuries of governmentand Islam. Crone, perhaps better known for her more controversialworks, such as Hagarism (Cambridge: 1977), God’s Caliph (Cambridge:1986), and Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam (Oxford: 1987), is nostranger to Islamic political theory, having written Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity (Cambridge: 1980). In her present book, thereader will find an accessible, readable, and scholarly contribution that islargely devoid of controversy while retaining a healthy skepticism of thesources, as one would expect from an historian.Primarily written for the non-specialist, the intention is to render thecontextual theory, practice, and development of political thought during theearly centuries of Islam (c. 622-1258) intelligible to the general reader.Divided into four sections, Crone seeks to cover the broader trends andthemes in the transition from the Prophet’s polity to that of the Buyids andthe Seljuqs. Along the way, she guides the reader through the complex webof Islamic history, starting, in part 1, with the basic Muslim conceptualunderstanding of government and state up to the first civil war, sect formation,and the Umayyad period. Here, the central importance was the leader,as successor to the Prophet, who weds truth and power and thereby rightlyguides the Muslim community by providing legal legitimacy and a moralexample. The question of legitimacy came to the fore during the first civilwar, which resulted in the formation of various sects and the rise of theUmayyad dynasty ...

scholarly journals MUSEUM ARSITEKTUR JAKARTA DI KAWASAN MEDAN MERDEKA TIMUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Nicholas Nicholas ◽  
Maria Veronica Gandha
Keyword(s):  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Open Space ◽  
City Government ◽  
National Gallery ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
General Program ◽  
Number Of Visits ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Or History

As time went on, the Museum in the city of Jakarta was still limited. The works exhibited remain the same and tend not to be interactive. Most museums in Jakarta try to show the historical side of Dutch colonialism and their heritage. but there is no museum that discusses how architecture in the city of Jakarta has developed rapidly until now and left its story or history. In the historical exposures of its growth, where the city government alternates and the conditions of its society are very diverse. But in its journey to a more modern era, there needs to be a change to the concept of the museum. The decline in the number of visits to the museum should be a concern that the millennial generation has begun to abandon the trend of traveling to museums because the museum is considered too old and undeveloped. The presence of the Jakarta architecture museum tells the story of the architectural journey of the city of Jakarta which has developed since the Dutch colonial era to the present. The design of the Museum which is located in the East Merdeka area is directly adjacent to the old building which has historical value, the Immannuel Church and the National Gallery; In addition, this region is connected in one tourism path that is being developed, from the Istiqlal Mosque and the Cathedral Church (which has historical architectural value) to the Proclamation Monument on the Proclamation Road. With a relationship between two destination points. The project also interacts with its surroundings as a comfortable place with open space for the surrounding community. The general program is supported by space 3.0 in the form of amphitheater, which can be accessed by various groups both horizontally and vertically. This project is expected to increase the insight and interest of visitors to study architecture and its role in building cities. AbstrakSeiring berjalanya waktu, Museum di kota Jakarta masih tetap terbatas. Karya karya yang dipamerkan tetap sama dan cenderung tidak interaktif. Kebanyakan museum di Jakarta mencoba menampilkan sisi historis dari penjajahan Belanda dan peninggalannya. namun belum ada museum yang membahas bagaimana arsitektur di kota Jakarta berkembang pesat sampai sekarang dan meninggalkan cerita atau sejarahnya. Dalam paparan sejarah pertumbuhannya, dimana pemerintah kotanya silih berganti dan kondisi masyarakatnya sangat majemuk. Namun dalam perjalanannya menuju era yang lebih modern, perlu adanya sebuah perubahan terhadap konsep museum. Menurunya angka kunjungan ke museum harus menjadi perhatian bahwasanya generasi milenial mulai meninggalkan tren berwisata ke museum karena museum dinilai terlalu tua dan tidak berkembang. Hadirnya museum arsitektur Jakarta bercerita gambaran perjalanan arsitektur kota Jakarta yang berkembang sejak zaman penjajahan Belanda hingga saat ini. Perancangan Museum yang terletak di kawasan Merdeka Timur berbatasan langsung dengan bangunan tua yang memiliki nilai sejarah, Gereja Immannuel dan Galeri Nasional; Selain itu kawasan ini terhubung dalam satu jalur pariwisata yang sedang di kembangkan, dari Masjid Istiqlal dan Gereja katedral (yang mana memiliki nilai historis arsitektur) hingga Tugu Proklamasi di jalan Proklamasi. Dengan adanya satu hubungan lingkage antar dua titik tujuan. Proyek ini juga berinteraksi dengan sekitarnya sebagai tempat yang nyaman dengan ruang terbuka untuk masyarakat sekitar. Program kemduian didukung dengan ruang 3.0 yang berupa amphiteather, dimana dapat di akses oleh berbagai kalangan baik secara kelas horizontal maupun vertikal. Proyek ini diharapkan dapat menambah wawasan maupun minat pengunjung untuk mempelajari arsitektur dan peranannya dalam membangun kota.

scholarly journals Džihád v pojetí představitelů českých muslimů. Interpretační rozmanitost a její příčiny

Český lid ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-174
Author(s):  
Karel Černý ◽  
Jiřina Stehlíková
Keyword(s):  
Community Leaders ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Narrow Definition ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Realities ◽  
Self Defence

The paper is based on interviews with Czech Muslim community leaders and focuses on the way they interpret the concept of jihad, how they think the concept should be implemented in action, and what factors shape their interpretations. It reveals two parallel understandings of the concept: a wider interpretation (i.e., the struggle to promote something good) and a narrow one (armed struggle). Three different typologies of jihad have been identified. With regard to the narrow definition of the concept, there is a consensus that jihad is legitimate in self-defence. Conversely, there is a tendency to reject the offensive jihad, but there is little consensus re- garding the many conditions under which jihad can be declared and waged, especially as to the authority that can declare jihad or if it exists. The interpretative plurality is shaped by five factors, which relate to different authorities, ethical principles and audiences, different interpretations of Islamic history and contemporary political realities.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN TAFSIR FALSAFI DALAM RANAH PEMIKIRAN ISLAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Syafieh Syafieh
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
God's Word ◽  
Text Context ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Insight Into

This article will explain about the development of philosophical interpretation from classical to modern era. The emergence of the medieval philosophical interpretation has provided a new insight into the development of interpretation. The existence of this style of philosophical interpretation is also the "gateway" of the advancement of thought in Islam. In the modern century came a new method of interpretation with a philosophical approach that is hermeneutic discourse. In the study, hermeneutical methods contain hermeneutical circles that should not be excluded one of them, namely text (text), author or author (outhor), and reader (reader) with text, context and contextualization. However, the discourse of hermeneutics has contributed greatly to the development of interpretive thought in the Islamic world. When hermeneutics is practiced in Islam. Hermeneutic interpretation not only understands the meaning of the Qur'anic text as God's word or context, but also on how the interpretation of the Qur'an as the spirit of the Muslim community to change its society for the better and the best.

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