NANOCELLULOSE AND ITS POTENTIAL USE FOR SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Carlos Negro ◽  
Ana Balea Martín ◽  
Jose Luis Sanchez-Salvador ◽  
Cristina Campano ◽  
Elena Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Potential Availability ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Market Perspective

Nanocellulose (NC) and its wide applications have attracted high attention due to its desirable properties such as high surface area, extraordinary mechanical properties, high reactivity and easy modification of NC surface due to the presence of primary hydroxyl groups. NC also presents several environmental benefits, including high potential availability because its production is coming from natural sources, renewability and nontoxicity. This paper briefly summarizes some of the activities of the research group “Cellulose, Paper and Water Advanced Treatments” from Complutense University of Madrid that were presented in CAIQ 2019, including the main types of NC, the production processes and their characterization. Additionally, the most promising NC applications are described such as for paper and board, for wastewater treatment, food and cement-based materials. Moreover, a market perspective of NC is also presented.

scholarly journals Bibliometric approach to the perspectives and challenges of membrane separation processes to remove emerging contaminants from water

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1721-1741
Author(s):  
Jéssica Stefanello Cadore ◽  
Lucas Fernando Fabro ◽  
Thuany Garcia Maraschin ◽  
Nara Regina de Souza Basso ◽  
Marçal José Rodrigues Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Research Attention

Abstract The presence of contaminants in water is concerning due to the potential impacts on human health and the environment, and ingested contaminants cause harm in various ways. The conventional water treatment systems are not efficient to remove these contaminants. Therefore, novel techniques and materials for the removal of contaminants are increasingly being developed. The separation process using modified membranes can remove these micropollutants; therefore, they have attracted significant research attention. Among the materials used for manufacturing of these membranes, composites based on graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are preferred owing to their promising properties, such as mechanical resistance, thermal and chemical stability, antifouling capacity, water permeability, high thermal and electrical conductivity, high optical transmittance and high surface area. Membrane separation processes (MSP) can be used as secondary or tertiary treatment during the supply of wastewater. However, the efficient and accessible applications of these technologies are challenging. This study aims to demonstrate the main concepts of membrane separation processes and their application in the removal of emerging contaminants. This study reports bibliometric mapping, relevant data on studies using membranes as water treatment processes, and their viability in industrial applications. The main challenges and perspectives of these technologies are discussed in detail as well.

scholarly journals Silica Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application: Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Mun ◽  
B.A. Zhaisanbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Gene Delivery Vectors

Over the past few decades, nanoparticles have been attracting significant attention of researches in chemical, biomedical, pharmaceutical sciences, due to their unique physicochemical properties. This includes ultra small size, large surface area, good biocompatibility and high reactivity. In particular, nanoparticles are promising for pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, as they can be applied as drug carriers and diagnostic tools. Among nanomaterials for biomedical application, silica nanoparticles exhibit great potential due to their straightforward synthesis and separation, low cost, safety, biocompatibility and possibility to further functionalization. Silica nanoparticles have been attractive for pharmaceutical science due to their unique properties, such as tunable size, high surface area and large pore volume, and potential in biomedical application as drug and gene delivery vectors and bioimaging agents. However, some of their properties remain poorly investigated. This short communication discusses the main routes for synthesis of silica nanoparticles, their properties and opportunities for their application in pharmaceutical and biomedical industries, as well as a few challenges in the development of silica-based systems that need to be overcome.

scholarly journals Effect of various nanoadditives on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with jojoba biodiesel – diesel blends: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Agarwal ◽  
Suphiya Khan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

The review reports the results of various researches work on the engine performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using different nanoadditives in jojoba biodiesel - diesel blends. Blending of diesel with biodiesel in a diesel engine has gained importance, due to its economical and environmental benefits. Jojoba biodiesel gained an importance as an alternative fuel over conventional diesel fuel even with their unfavorable effects of power reduction. The wide spread usage of nanoadditives to improve the combustion quality may be a good solution of this problem. Blending of nanoparticles as an additives in biodiesel – diesel blends improves the thermophysical properties, such as thermal conductivity, mass diffusivity and high surface area-to-volume ratio. Based on the results available in the literature, it has been found that nanoadditives with jojoba biodiesel - diesel blends improve the performance of diesel engine and reduced the emission of toxic gases depending upon the dosage of the nanoadditives.

scholarly journals New Insights for the Future Design of Composites Composed of Hydrochar and Zeolite for Developing Advanced Biofuels from Cranberry Pomace

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6600
Author(s):  
Omid Norouzi ◽  
Mohammad Heidari ◽  
Mario M. Martinez ◽  
Animesh Dutta
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Advanced Biofuels ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Cellulosic Sugars

This study provides fundamental insight and offers a promising catalytic hydrothermal method to harness cranberry pomace as a potential bioenergy and/or hydrochar source. The physical and chemical properties of Canadian cranberry pomace, supplied by Fruit d’Or Inc., were examined and the optimum operational conditions, in terms of biocrude yield, were obtained by the I-optimal matrix of Design Expert 11. Afterward, cranberry pomace hydrochar (CPH) and zeolite were separately introduced to the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process to investigate the benefits and disadvantages associated with their catalytic activity. CPH was found to be a better host than zeolite to accommodate cellulosic sugars and showed great catalytic performance in producing hydrocarbons. However, high amounts of corrosive amino and aliphatic acids hinder the practical application of CPH as a catalyst. Alternatively, zeolite, as a commercial high surface area catalyst, had a higher activity for deoxygenation of compounds containing carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups than CPH and resulted in higher selectivity of phenols. Due to the low hydrothermal structural stability, coke formation, and narrow pore size distribution, further activations and modifications are needed to improve the catalytic behavior of zeolite. Our results suggest that a composite composed of CPH and zeolite can resolve the abovementioned limitations and help with the development and commercialization of advanced biofuels from cranberry pomace.

Surface Models of Alumina Supported Copper Oxide Prepared by Laser Ablation: Dispersion and Electron Structure Changes Following Reduction and Oxidation Cycles

1994 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hirschauer ◽  
J. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Electron Structure ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Surface Hydroxyl ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Surface Models

ABSTRACTWe have explored and developed laser ablation as a tool to synthesize realistic planar models of high surface area catalysts as well as novel materials, not accessible with wet chemical methods. The process is illustrated by data for dispersion and electron structure modifications following thermal treatments of alumina supported copper oxide. Planar models of different wet and dry carrier/overlayer combinations were prepared and exposed to oxidizing and reducing atmosphere at 500°C. Characterization was made by XPS/ESCA. The data reveal the importance of surface hydroxyl groups in the two initial components to control coalescence and interdiffusion. The ablation route is part of our ongoing DENOX project and comparisons are made with other materials, tested for their materials properties and catalytic behavior in HC/NO reactions.

scholarly journals Effect of Trifluralin, Zero-Valent Iron and Magnetite Nanoparticles on Growth of Micromycetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 542-547
Author(s):  
Valentina Josan ◽  
Inna Rastimesina ◽  
Olga Postolachi ◽  
Tatiana Gutul
Keyword(s):  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Mycelial Fungi ◽  
Individual Reaction ◽  
Obsolete Pesticides

Abstract Nowadays many reports confirmed the effect of different nanoparticles (NPs) on the growth and secondary metabolite production in various microorganisms. Some of them, NPs like Ag, Au and oxides of Al, Ti, Si and Zn have harmful effect on the cells of microorganisms. Iron NPs are expected to be nontoxic, due to using Fe atom in several pathways of cell metabolism and, therefore, low iron toxicity. The use of iron NPs in technologies for remedying polluted environment was caused by their efficiency in reduction reactions, mobility, and high reactivity, due to the high surface area. The present study aims to determine the effect of magnetite (Fe3O4), zero-valent iron Fe(0) NPs, and fluorinated dinitroaniline herbicide trifluralin on growth of mycelial fungi. Fungal strains were isolated from soil long-term polluted with obsolete pesticides, DDT and trifluralin. The inhibition activity of iron NPs and trifluralin was evaluated using express-method. Each fungal strain had an individual reaction to the solutions of iron nanoparticles. At the same time, Fe(0) NPs, as well as magnetite NPs, had a stimulating effect on the formation and maturation of spores of micromycetes. Addition of trifluralin to the culture medium had a growth inhibition effect on micromycetes, but this effect was reduced, when trifluralin was mixed and incubated with iron NPs for 1 hour before.

Crystal Structure, Short-Range Oxygen Defects, and Water Adsorption in La- and Nd-Modified ZrO2

1994 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-K. Loong ◽  
J. W. Richardson ◽  
L. E. Iton ◽  
M. Ozawa
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Inelastic Neutron Scattering ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Inelastic Neutron ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Surface Hydroxyl ◽  
Oxygen Defects ◽  
Surface Hydroxyl Groups

ABSTRACTDoping Rare-earth (RE) elements to ZrO2 helps stabilize the cubic and tetragonal phases and improves resistance to thermal shock and sintering at high temperatures. Since a RE ion has a lower valency (3+) than Zr ion (4+), oxygen vacancies are formed to preserve electroneutrality. We have studied the crystal structure of La0.1Zro.9O1.95 and Nd0.1Zr0.9O1.95 by neutron diffraction and examined the associated oxygen defects by a Fourier transform of the filtered residual diffuse scattering. The hydration process was investigated by inelastic neutron-scattering measurements of the hydrogen vibrational density of states of the surface hydroxyl groups and physisorbed water on these fine powders. We compare the O-H stretch vibrations from samples with only surface hydroxyl groups to multilayer coverage of water molecules. The decreasing energies and increasing widths of the O-H stretch bands with increasing H2O coverage indicate the influence of hydrogen bonding on the motion of water molecules. Similar elastic and inelastic experiments were also performed on a high surface-area pure ZrO2 powder.

scholarly journals The Potentiality of Rice Husk-Derived Activated Carbon: From Synthesis to Application

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Masruck Alam ◽  
Md Ashraf Hossain ◽  
Md Delowar Hossain ◽  
M.A.H. Johir ◽  
Jewel Hossen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Catalytic Support ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Effective Synthesis

Activated carbon (AC) has been extensively utilized as an adsorbent over the past few decades. AC has widespread applications, including the removal of different contaminants from water and wastewater, and it is also being used in capacitors, battery electrodes, catalytic supports, and gas storage materials because of its specific characteristics e.g., high surface area with electrical properties. The production of AC from naturally occurring precursors (e.g., coal, biomass, coconut shell, sugarcane bagasse, and so on) is highly interesting in terms of the material applications in chemistry; however, recently much focus has been placed on the use of agricultural wastes (e.g., rice husk) to produce AC. Rice husk (RH) is an abundant as well as cheap material which can be converted into AC for various applications. Various pollutants such as textile dyes, organic contaminants, inorganic anions, pesticides, and heavy metals can be effectively removed by RH-derived AC. In addition, RH-derived AC has been applied in supercapacitors, electrodes for Li-ion batteries, catalytic support, and energy storage, among other uses. Cost-effective synthesis of AC can be an alternative for AC production. Therefore, this review mainly covers different synthetic routes and applications of AC produced from RH precursors. Different environmental, catalytic, and energy applications have been pinpointed. Furthermore, AC regeneration, desorption, and relevant environmental concerns have also been covered. Future scopes for further research and development activities are also discussed. Overall, it was found that RH-derived AC has great potential for different applications which can be further explored at real scales, i.e., for industrial applications in the future.

Applications and perspectives of using nanomaterials for sustainable plant nutrition

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allah Ditta ◽  
Muhammad Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production ◽  
Future Demands

AbstractNanotechnology opens a large scope of novel applications in the fields of plant nutrition needed to meet the future demands of the growing population because nanoparticles (NPs) have unique physicochemical properties, i.e. high surface area, high reactivity, tunable pore size, and particle morphology. Management of optimum nutrients for sustainable crop production is a priority-based area of research in agriculture. In this regard, nanonutrition has proved to be the most interesting area of research and concerns with the provision of nano-sized nutrients for sustainable crop production. Using this technology, we can increase the efficiency of micro- as well as macronutrients of plants. In the literature, various NPs and nanomaterials (NMs) have been successfully used for better nutrition of crop plants compared to the conventional fertilizers. This review summarizes these NPs and NMs into macro-, micro-, and nanocarrier-based fertilizers and plant-growth-enhancing NPs with unclear mechanisms, describing their role in improving growth and yield of crops, concentration/rate of application, particle size, mechanism of action if known, toxic effects if any, and research gaps in the present research. Moreover, future research directions for achieving sustainable agriculture are also discussed in the appropriate section and at the end in the concluding remarks section.

Preparation and Characterization of AuNP/Al2O3 with Bimodal Nanoporous Structure

2008 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Young Hun Kim ◽  
Ji Bong Joo ◽  
Woo Young Kim ◽  
Jeong Jin Lee ◽  
Jong Heop Yi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Metal Particle ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Nanoporous Structure ◽  
Metal Particle Size ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

AuNP (gold nanoparticle) supported by oxide shows a high reactivity for a PROX (preferential oxiation) reaction at low temperature. Au catalysts were usually prepared by conventional methods such as precipitation, impregnation and vapor phase grafting. In this study, we developed a novel method for the preparation of AuNPs supported on a bimodal nanoporous alumina. The AuNPs were prepared in a toluene phase by the modified Brust method. The metal particle size was able to be controlled from 2 to 50 nm via the control of the surfactant concentrations. The resulting materials were characterized by BET, FE-SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses. After calcinations at 700oC, AuNP/Al2O3 catalyst revealed a bimodal nanoporous structure, with the pore sizes of 3.5 and 7 nm, and demonstrated both a high surface area (350 m2/g) and pore volume (0.9 cm3/g).

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