PROBLEMATIC ISSUES IN THE EVALUATION OF MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIAL NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION OF CERVICAL METAPLASIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMAR SVANADZE ◽  
MARIAM GACHECHILADZE ◽  
GEORGE BURKADZE
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Different Types

Metaplasia represents the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another differentiated cell type, which is frequently seen in uterine cervix, particularly in endocervical epithelium. There are many different types of metaplasia in endocervix. It is suggested that metaplasia represents the fertile soil for the development of neoplasia. However, which cases of metaplasia transform into neoplasia, which type of metaplasia is more realted to neoplastic transformation or if there are some molecular markers which can predict the potential of neoplastic transformation, are nowadays less known. Current review represents the critical discussion of the available literature with regards to the evaluation of molecular markers and the potential of neoplastic transformation in cervical metaplasia.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

Oncogenic LncRNA CASC9 in Cancer Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Qi ◽  
Chaoying Song ◽  
Jiali Zhang ◽  
Chong Guo ◽  
Chengfu Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Current Review

Background: Long non-coding RNA (LncRNAs), with the length over 200 nucleotides, originate from intergenic, antisense, or promoter-proximal regions, is a large family of RNAs that lack coding capacity. Emerging evidences illustrated that LncRNAs played significant roles in a variety of cellular functions and biological processes in profuse human diseases, especially in cancers. Cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9), as a member of the LncRNAs group, was firstly found its oncogenic function in esophageal cancer. In following recent studies, a growing amount of human malignancies are verified to be correlated with CASC9, most of which are derived from the squamous epithelium tissue. This present review attempts to highlight the latest insights into the expression, functional roles, and molecular mechanisms of CASC9 in different human malignancies. Methods: In this review, the latest findings related to the pathophysiological processes of CASC9 in human cancers were summarized and analyzed, the associated studies were collected in systematically retrieval of PubMed used lncRNA and CASA9 as keywords. Results: CASC9 expression is identified to be aberrantly elevated in a variety of malignancies. The over-expression of CASC9 has been suggested to accelerate cell proliferation, migration, cell growth and drug resistance of cancer cells, while depress cell apoptosis, revealing its role as an oncogene. Moreover, the current review demonstrated CASC9 closely relates to neoplastic transformation of squamous epithelial cells and squamous metaplasia in non-squamous epithelial tissues. Finally, we discuss the limitations and tremendous diagnostic/therapeutic potential of CASC9 in various human cancers. Results: CASC9 expression is identified to be aberrantly elevated in a variety of malignancies. The over-expression of CASC9 has been suggested to accelerate cell proliferation, migration, cell growth and drug resistance of cancer cells, while depress cell apoptosis, revealing its role as an oncogene. Moreover, the current review demonstrated CASC9 closely relates to neoplastic transformation of squamous epithelial cells and squamous metaplasia in non-squamous epithelial tissues. Finally, we discuss the limitations and tremendous diagnostic/therapeutic potential of CASC9 in various human cancers. Conclusion: Long non-coding RNACASC9 likely served as useful disease biomarkers or therapy targets that could effectively apply in treatment of different kinds of cancers.

Innovatory role of nanomaterials as bio-tools for treatment of cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Shahzad Ahmad ◽  
Muntaha Talat ◽  
Shaan Bibi Jaffri ◽  
Neelofer Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cancerous Cells

AbstractConventional treatment modes like chemotherapy, thermal and radiations aimed at cancerous cells eradication are marked by destruction pointing the employment of nanomaterials as sustainable and auspicious materials for saving human lives. Cancer has been deemed as the second leading cause of death on a global scale. Nanomaterials employment in cancer treatment is based on the utilization of their inherent physicochemical characteristics in addition to their modification for using as nano-carriers and nano-vehicles eluted with anti-cancer drugs. Current work has reviewed the significant role of different types of nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics in a systematic way. Compilation of review has been done by analyzing voluminous investigations employing ERIC, MEDLINE, NHS Evidence and Web of Science databases. Search engines used were Google scholar, Jstore and PubMed. Current review is suggestive of the remarkable performance of nanomaterials making them candidates for cancer treatment for substitution of destructive treatment modes through investigation of their physicochemical characteristics, utilization outputs and long term impacts in patients.

Variable expression of molecular markers in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (9) ◽  
pp. 752-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mishra ◽  
A Pandey ◽  
S C Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Geographical Bias ◽  
Research Questions

AbstractBackground:Molecular categorisation may explain the wide variation in the clinical characteristics of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.Methods:Variations in molecular markers in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in an Indian population were investigated and compared with global reports.Results:Variable molecular marker expression was demonstrated at the regional and global levels. A wide variation in molecular characteristics is evident. Molecular data have been reported for only 11 countries, indicating a clear geographical bias. Only 58 markers have been studied, and most are yet to be validated.Conclusion:Research into the molecular epidemiology of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is still in its infancy. Although the molecular variation is not well understood, data obtained so far have prompted important research questions. Hence, multicentre collaborative molecular studies are needed to establish the aetiopathogenesis and establish molecular surrogates for clinical characteristics.

scholarly journals Autophagy in endocrine tumors

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. R205-R218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Weckman ◽  
Fabio Rotondo ◽  
Antonio Di Ieva ◽  
Luis V Syro ◽  
Henriett Butz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Endocrine Tumors ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Tumor Survival ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intracellular Process

Autophagy is an important intracellular process involving the degradation of cytoplasmic components. It is involved in both physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer. The role of autophagy in cancer is described as a ‘double-edged sword,’ a term that reflects its known participation in tumor suppression, tumor survival and tumor cell proliferation. Available research regarding autophagy in endocrine cancer supports this concept. Autophagy shows promise as a novel therapeutic target in different types of endocrine cancer, inhibiting or increasing treatment efficacy in a context- and cell-type-dependent manner. At present, however, there is very little research concerning autophagy in endocrine tumors. No research was reported connecting autophagy to some of the tumors of the endocrine glands such as the pancreas and ovary. This review aims to elucidate the roles of autophagy in different types of endocrine cancer and highlight the need for increased research in the field.

Comparative Cellular Localization of Sugar Residues in Bull (Bos taurus) and Donkey (Equus asinus) Testes Using Lectin Histochemistry

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. Gewaily ◽  
Mohamed Kassab ◽  
Asmaa Aboelnour ◽  
Essam A. Almadaly ◽  
Ahmed E. Noreldin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cellular Components

Lectins are glycoproteins of a non-immune origin often used as histochemical reagents to study the distribution of glycoconjugates in different types of tissues. In this study, we performed a comparative cellular localization of sugar residues in bull and donkey testes using immunofluorescent lectin histochemistry. We inspected the cellular localization of the glycoconjugates within the testes using 11 biotin-labeled lectins (LCA, ConA, PNA, WGA, DBA, SBA, ECA, BPL, PTL-II, UEA-1, and PHA-E4) classified under six groups. Although the basic testicular structure in both species was similar, the cellular components showed different lectin localization patterns. The statistical analysis revealed no significant association between the intensity of labeling and different variables, including group and type of lectin and type of cell examined, at p < 0.05. However, a stronger response tended to occur in the donkey than in the bull testes (odds ratio: 1.3). These findings may be associated with the different cellular compositions of the glycoproteins and modification changes during spermatogenesis. Moreover, glycoconjugate profiling through lectin histochemistry can characterize some cell-type selective markers that will be helpful in studying bull and donkey spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals Endocrine carcinoma intermediate cell type of the uterine cervix

Cancer ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1705-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvio G. Silva ◽  
Marylee M. Kott ◽  
Nelson G. Ordonez
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Intermediate Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Endocrine Carcinoma

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus as a driver of head and neck cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Sabatini ◽  
Susanna Chiocca
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract The human papillomavirus (HPV) family includes more than 170 different types of virus that infect stratified epithelium. High-risk HPV is well established as the primary cause of cervical cancer, but in recent years, a clear role for this virus in other malignancies is also emerging. Indeed, HPV plays a pathogenic role in a subset of head and neck cancers—mostly cancers of the oropharynx—with distinct epidemiological, clinical and molecular characteristics compared with head and neck cancers not caused by HPV. This review summarises our current understanding of HPV in these cancers, specifically detailing HPV infection in head and neck cancers within different racial/ethnic subpopulations, and the differences in various aspects of these diseases between women and men. Finally, we provide an outlook for this disease, in terms of clinical management, and consider the issues of ‘diagnostic biomarkers’ and targeted therapies.

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