scholarly journals Evaluate the efficacy of Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds powder on Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijitha Paheerathan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Nigella Sativa Seed

In Siddha medicine system has been classified into Aga marunthu (Internal) and Pura marunthu (External) having 32 forms of medicines in each. The external remedies are very useful for topical ulcers, skin diseases like eczema, psoriasis bacterial and fungal infections. The purpose this study was Evaluate the efficacy of Antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds powder against Staphylococcus aureus by used disk diffusion method. The result has been evaluated as the diameter of the zone of inhibition of microbial growth showed that the different concentration (100%, 50%, 25%) of Nigella sativa seed powder’s aqueous extract more effective against Staphylococcus aureus. Mean value of the hot extract 100%, 50%, 25% respectively 12.19±1.91mm, 7.63±2.32 mm and 3.78±1.73mm and the mean value of Cold extract were 9.45±1.32mm, 4.21±0.92mm and 2.71±.64mm. Standard maintained 18mm of zone of inhibition .Among the hot and cold extract, 100% of hot extract was showed more significant affect against Staphylococcus aureus which was 12.19mm. Finally this study was concluded that the Nigella seeds powder can be used as an antibacterial agent.      

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROFILE OF SOME NEWER HETEROCYCLES BEARING THIAZOLE MOIETY

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
RAJUL GUPTA ◽  
Neeraj Kumar FULORIA ◽  
Shivkanya FULORIA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Various substituted acetophenones on treatment. with iodine and thiourea yielded 2-amino-4-( substituted-phenyl)-thiazole, which on further treatment with acetic anhydride generated N-(4-(substituted phenyl)thiazol-2-ylacetamide(1-5). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their respective FTIR, 1H NMR, and mass data. Synthesized compounds (l, 2, 3, 4, 5) when subjected to investigation for their antimicrobial activities i.e. antibacterial and antifungal studies against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus by disk diffusion method, revealed that compound 2 deemed to be most potent with the largest zone of inhibition.

scholarly journals In VitroSynergistic Effect ofPsidium guineense(Swartz) in Combination with Antimicrobial Agents against Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusStrains

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Gomes Fernandes ◽  
Amanda Rafaela Carneiro de Mesquita ◽  
Karina Perrelli Randau ◽  
Adelisa Alves Franchitti ◽  
Eulália Azevedo Ximenes
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Mrsa Strains

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract ofPsidium guineenseSwartz (Araçá-do-campo) and five antimicrobials (ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem) against twelve strains ofStaphylococcus aureuswith a resistant phenotype previously determined by the disk diffusion method. FourS. aureusstrains showed resistance to all antimicrobial agents tested and were selected for the study of the interaction between aqueous extract ofP. guineenseand antimicrobial agents, by the checkerboard method. The criteria used to evaluate the synergistic activity were defined by the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). AllS. aureusstrains were susceptible toP. guineenseas determined by the microdilution method. The combination of theP. guineenseextract with the antimicrobial agents resulted in an eight-fold reduction in the MIC of these agents, which showed a FICI ranging from 0.125 to 0.5, suggesting a synergistic interaction against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains. The combination of the aqueous extract ofP. guineensewith cefoxitin showed the lowest FICI values. This study demonstrated that the aqueous extract ofP. guineensecombined with beta lactamics antimicrobials, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems, acts synergistically by inhibiting MRSA strains.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacteria/ Antifungi Activities of Root and Shoot Extracts of Euphorbia hirta (Asthma Weed)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
L. A. Adjeroh ◽  
M. O. Nwachukwu ◽  
P. N. Abara ◽  
J. C. Nnokwe ◽  
J. N. Azorji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta

Medicinal plants, also called herbal medicine, have been used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. The phytochemical screening of root and shoot extracts of Euphorbia hirta plant commonly known as asthma weed was evaluated using soxhlet and aqueous extract as a solvent to determine the active components. Maceration method was used in extracting the active properties/component. Phytochemical screening of root and shoot extracts revealed presences of saponins, anthranoid anthroqunione, phenol, alkaloid, tannins, phylobatannins and cardiac glycoside. Antibacterial screening of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes, using disk diffusion method, showed that in both the aqueous root and shoot extract Streptococcus pyogenes has the highest zone of inhibition of 120 mg with 12mm while least is Escherichia coli that had no inhibition at all. The aqueous extract the root and shoot were more active than the soxhlet solution. Using the aqueous shoot extracts, Streptococcus at 120 mg with 12mm zone of inhibition of Staphylococcus at 90 mg with 9mm. While in the aqueous root extract, Staphylococcus aureus at 100 mg with 10mm, Streptococcus pyogenes at 90 mg with 9m and Salmonella typhi at 80mm with 8mm. Antifungal screening with clinical isolate of candida albicans had highest zone of inhibition 130 mg with 13mm at root aqueous extract while penicillium spp, Aspergillus, spp and Microsporium spp showed no zones of inhibition at both root and shoot extracts. The results obtained suggested that Euphorbia hirta plant can be used in the treatment of ailments caused by the test microorganisms, with particular attention being paid to its aqueous extract.

scholarly journals Predominance of PVL-negative community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 8 in newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Manyahi ◽  
Sabrina J. Moyo ◽  
Said Aboud ◽  
Nina Langeland ◽  
Bjørn Blomberg
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

AbstractDifficult-to-treat infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are of concern in people living with HIV infection as they are more vulnerable to infection. We aimed to identify molecular characteristics of MRSA colonizing newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults in Tanzania. Individuals newly diagnosed with HIV infection were recruited in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from April 2017 to May 2018, as part of the randomized clinical trial CoTrimResist (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03087890). Nasal/nasopharyngeal isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were susceptibility tested by disk diffusion method, and cefoxitin-resistant isolates were characterized by short-reads whole genome sequencing. Four percent (22/537) of patients carried MRSA in the nose/nasopharynx. MRSA isolates were frequently resistant towards gentamicin (95%), ciprofloxacin (91%), and erythromycin (82%) but less often towards trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (9%). Seventy-three percent had inducible clindamycin resistance. Erythromycin-resistant isolates harbored ermC (15/18) and LmrS (3/18) resistance genes. Ciprofloxacin resistance was mediated by mutations of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) sequence in the gyrA (S84L) and parC (S80Y) genes. All isolates belonged to the CC8 and ST8-SCCmecIV MRSA clone. Ninety-five percent of the MRSA isolates were spa-type t1476, and one exhibited spa-type t064. All isolates were negative for Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) type 1. All ST8-SCCmecIV-spa-t1476 MRSA clones from Tanzania were unrelated to the globally successful USA300 clone. Carriage of ST8 MRSA (non-USA300) was common among newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults in Tanzania. Frequent co-resistance to non-beta lactam antibiotics limits therapeutic options when infection occurs.

scholarly journals A Molecular Insight into the Synergistic Mechanism of Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) with β-Lactam Antibiotics against Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3206
Author(s):  
Lorina I. Badger-Emeka ◽  
Promise Madu Emeka ◽  
Hairul Islam M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Insight Into

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is detrimental to hospitalized patients. With diminishing choices of antibiotics and the worry about resistance to colistin in synergistic combined therapy, there are suggestions for the use of herbal derivatives. This investigation evaluated the synergistic effects of Nigella sativa (NS) in combination with beta-lactam (β-lactam) antibiotics on extreme drug-resistant (XDR) MRSA isolates. NS concentrations of 10, 7.5, 5.0, 2.5, 1.0, and 0.1 µg/mL, alone and in combination with β-lactam antibiotics, were used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA isolates by the well diffusion method. Time–kill assays were performed using a spectrophotometer, with time–kill curves plotted and synergism ascertained by the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to gain insight into the mechanism of action of treated groups. Isolates were inhibited by the NS concentrations, with differences in the zones of inhibition being statistically insignificant at p < 0.05. There were statistically significant differences in the time–kill assay for the MRSA isolates. In addition, NS combined with augmentin showed better killing than oxacillin and cefuroxime. The mechanism of action shown by the SEM and TEM results revealed cell wall disruption, which probably created interference that led to bacterial lysis.

Phytochemical analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant assay of Bhut Jolokia pepper

2021 ◽  
pp. 3775-3778
Author(s):  
Dharani Dharan ◽  
K. Venkatesh ◽  
S.S. Meenambiga ◽  
Dhivya Dhanasekar ◽  
P. Arumugam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antioxidant Assay ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Bhut Jolokia ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

The presented work represents phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant assay and Antimicrobial activity of Bhut jolokia pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq) extracted by ethanol as solvent. The ethanolic extract of Bhut jolokia pepper showed the presence of terpenoids, steroids, saponins and flavonoids. Antimicrobial assay was done with varying concentration (250-1000µg/ml) of pepper extract using tetracycline as control by well diffusion method, the extract at 750µg/ml shown best inhibition zone and Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest zone of inhibition at all concentration compared to other bacteria species with maximum zone of inhibition of 27mm. The DPPH scavenging assay for antioxidant activity at 517nm showed positive activity for scavenging, scavenging increased with the concentration of extract. Thus, Bhut jolokia could be effective in treating diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus from antimicrobial assay result.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: risk factors and clinical outcome in non-intensive-care units

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karinne Spirandelli Carvalho Naves ◽  
Natália Vaz da Trindade ◽  
Paulo Pinto Gontijo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bloodstream Infection

INTRODUCTION: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is spread out in hospitals across different regions of the world and is regarded as the major agent of nosocomial infections, causing infections such as skin and soft tissue pneumonia and sepsis. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI) and the predictive factors for death. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of fifty-one patients presenting bacteraemia due to S. aureus between September 2006 and September 2008 was analysed. Staphylococcu aureus samples were obtained from blood cultures performed by clinical hospital microbiology laboratory from the Uberlândia Federal University. Methicillinresistance was determined by growth on oxacillin screen agar and antimicrobial susceptibility by means of the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: We found similar numbers of MRSA (56.8%) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (43.2%) infections, and the overall hospital mortality ratio was 47%, predominantly in MRSA group (70.8% vs. 29.2%) (p=0.05). Age (p=0.02) was significantly higher in MRSA patients as also was the use of central venous catheter (p=0.02). The use of two or more antimicrobial agents (p=0.03) and the length of hospital stay prior to bacteraemia superior to seven days (p=0.006) were associated with mortality. High odds ratio value was observed in cardiopathy as comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Despite several risk factors associated with MRSA and MSSA infection, the use of two or more antimicrobial agents was the unique independent variable associated with mortality.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Kulshrestha ◽  
J Kranthi ◽  
P Krishna Rao ◽  
Feroz Jenner ◽  
V Abdul Jaleel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT Aim The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available herbal toothpastes against the different periodontopathogens. Materials and methods Six herbal toothpastes that were commonly commercially available were included in the study. Colgate herbal, Babool, Meswak, Neem active, Dabur red toothpastes were tested for the study whereas sterile normal saline was used as control. Antimicrobial efficacies of dentifrices were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial properties of dentifrices were tested by measuring the maximum zone of inhibition at 24 hours on the Mueller Hinton Agar media inoculated with microbial strain using disk diffusion method. Each dentifrice was tested at 100% concentration (full strength). Results The study showed that all dentifrices selected for the study were effective against the entire test organism but to varying degree. Neem active tooth paste gave a reading of 25.4 mm as the zone of inhibition which was highest amongst all of the test dentifrices. Colgate Herbal and Meswak dentifrices recorded a larger maximum zone of inhibition, measuring 23 and 22.6 mm respectively, compared to other toothpastes. All other dentifrices showed the zone of inhibition to be between 17 and 19 mm respectively. Conclusion The antibacterial properties of six dentifrices were studied in vitro and concluded that almost all of the dentifrices available commercially had antibacterial properties to some extent to benefit dental health or antiplaque action. How to cite this article Jenner F, Jaleel VA, Kulshrestha R, Maheswar G, Rao PK, Kranthi J. Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):924-929.

scholarly journals The activity of different extracts from Panax quinquefolium L. cultures against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus with respect to ginsenoside content

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Sienkiewicz ◽  
Anna Głowacka ◽  
Edward Kowalczyk ◽  
Ewa Kochan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hairy Root Cultures ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Panax Quinquefolium ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Ginsenoside Content

Ginsenosides can be isolated from various cultures of Panax quinquefolium L., American ginseng. The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial activity of extracts from leaves, stalks, hairy root cultures and field roots of P. quinquefolium L. containing ginsenosides against Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from various clinical materials. The agar well diffusion assay was used to evaluate microbial growth inhibition at various concentrations of extracts. The susceptibility of the clinical isolates to recommended antibiotics was determined with the disk-diffusion method. The results showed that the tested extracts inhibited the growth of all S. aureus clinical isolates, including MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) with MIC values ranging from 0.5 mg/mL to 1.7 mg/mL. The level of antimicrobial activity of extracts depends on the ginsenoside content. Both field roots and hairy root cultures represent excellent sources of these metabolites. Extracts with ginsenosides were found to inhibit multidrug-resistant staphylococci and can be a valuable complement to antistaphylococcal therapy.

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