Adhesion of Rubber to Magnesium Alloys in the Presence of Nickel Branched Alkyl Carboxylates

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mori ◽  
X. Shi ◽  
H. Hirahara ◽  
Y. Oishi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Magnesium Alloy Az31 ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Alkyl Carboxylates

Abstract The authors investigated the adhesion of rubber compounds containing nickel blanched alkyl carboxylate to surface treated magnesium alloys during curing. Ni i-octylate and Ni i-stearate were used as nickel branched alkyl carboxylate. Rubbers used in the study did not adhere at all to magnesium alloys, such as AZ91, AZ31, AZ 21, and M1 washed with acetone; not even in the presence of Ni i-octylate. Among numerous treating solutions, only sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was effective for adhesion of rubber to magnesium alloys. Adhesion of rubber to magnesium alloy AZ31 treated in 0.5M- sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 10 min at 80 °C yielded high peel strength and a 100% rubber coverage. Peel strength and a 100% rubber coverage varied with the concentration of additives, such as curing accelerators, sulfur, zinc oxide and Ni-type adhesive accelerators. Ni branched alkyl carboxylates such as Ni i-octylate and Ni i-stearate were effective for accelerating the adhesion of rubber to magnesium alloys treated in sodium hydroxide aqueous solutions during curing. The authors postulate that Ni branched alkyl carboxylate acts to yield interface bonds between magnesium alloys and rubber or Ni-S-rubber linkage.

Temperature and Processability of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 on Rectangular Cup Deep Drawing

2013 ◽  
Vol 535-536 ◽  
pp. 326-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhide Nakayama ◽  
Tetsuo Naka ◽  
Takeshi Uemori ◽  
Ichiro Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Plastic Strain Rate ◽  
Alloy Az31 ◽  
Magnesium Alloy Az31 ◽  
Plastic Forming

The magnesium alloys, that have high specific strength, are often applied to the industrial products. However, the magnesium alloys exhibit low ductility at the room temperature on account of its hexagonal close-packed structure. It is difficult to give large deformation to the magnesium alloys at room temperature. Therefore, the plastic forming of a magnesium alloy sheet needs the process at warm temperature. In the present work, the procedure of thermal-mechanical coupled analyses are employed. The numerical simulations of warm deep drawings have been performed in order to evaluate the dependence of the temperature on the plastic forming of a magnesium alloy AZ31 sheet. The mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy AZ31 shall be described as the functions depending on temperature. The shapes of punches and die holes are rectangle whose aspect ratios are 1.5 or 2.0. The corners of punches and dies are heated locally at 473K. The influence of local heating on the formability have been investigated. The relation between the blank size and the formability has been also estimated. As the results of numerical simulations, it was shown that the formability of deep drawing was improved by local heating to the punch and the die. When the blanks of various sizes were tried, the distributions of the plastic strain rate around the die corner were changed. Therefore, the deviation of the plastic flow and the temperature distribution arose in a sheet. Consequently, it is necessary to optimize the blank sizes according to the shape of die holes in addition to the forming temperature.

scholarly journals Precipitation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Bicontinuous Microemulsions

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana E. Romo ◽  
Hened Saade ◽  
Bertha Puente ◽  
Ma. Luisa López ◽  
Rebeca Betancourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sulfosuccinate Sodium

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were obtained directly, avoiding the calcination step, by precipitation at 70°C in bicontinuous microemulsions stabilized with a mixture of surfactants sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate/sodium dodecyl sulfate (2/1, wt./wt.) containing 0.7 M zinc nitrate aqueous solution. Two concentrations of aqueous solution of precipitating agent sodium hydroxide were used under different dosing times on microemulsion. Characterization by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy allowed us to identify particles with an acicular rod-like morphology and a hexagonalwurtzitecrystal structure as small as 8.5 and 30 nm in average diameter and length, respectively. Productivities much higher than those typical in the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles via reverse microemulsions were obtained. Particle size was the same at the two studied sodium hydroxide concentrations, while it increases as dosing time of the precipitant agent increases. It is believed that the surfactant film on the microemulsion channels restricts the particle diameter growth.

Extrusion of AZ31 Magnesium Sheet

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 1530-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Gall ◽  
Sören Müller ◽  
Walter Reimers
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Rolled Sheet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnesium Alloy Az31 ◽  
Increasing Demand

Due to the increasing demand of deep drawing applications for magnesium alloys in the future magnesium sheets with good mechanical and forming properties are required. These properties depend on the processing route of the sheet material. The deformation behavior of magnesium alloys is strongly influenced by the texture. Extruded magnesium sheets exhibit a different texture than rolled magnesium sheets. Therefore, the forming properties of the extruded magnesium sheets are supposed to be different compared to rolled sheets. Thin extrusion of the magnesium alloy AZ31 with a thickness of 1.5 and 2 mm were performed. Adjacent the extruded sheets were tested for their microstructure, texture and mechanical properties. The texture stability and evolution after the rolling of extruded magnesium sheets were investigated. Thus some of the 1.5 mm sheets were rolled to 1.0 mm and analyzed by OIM, X-Ray and mechanical testing. Concluding the results were compared to the properties of the just extruded 1.5 mm sheet and conventionally rolled sheet of 1 mm thickness.

A Study on Corrosion Inhibitor for Magnesium Alloy

2009 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 920-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yang ◽  
Fu Sheng Pan ◽  
Ding Fei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Polarization Current ◽  
Az61 Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Effect Test

With the aim of evaluating corrosion inhibition for various inhibitors, a new qualitative method for corrosion inhibition effect test for magnesium and magnesium alloys was developed. The change of polarization current density of AZ61 magnesium alloy in electrochemical polarization experiments in alkali aqueous solution with 5mmol/L sodium dodecylsulphate(SDS), phytic acid(PA), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA), p-nitro-benzene-azo-resorcinol(PNBAR), acidum tannicum(AT) or stearic acid(SA) were tested. The SEM-EDS techniques and deposition experiment method were used for further confirmation of the corrosion inhibition. The results showed that those organic compounds which could form the inhibitor-magnesium precipitation in aqueous solution could be used as corrosion inhibitors for magnesium alloys to inhibit the increase of polarization current density as well as the dissolution and oxidation of magnesium alloys effectively.

scholarly journals Dehydrochlorination of 1,3-Dichloropropan-2-Ol by Calcium and Sodium Hydroxide Solutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Krzyżanowska ◽  
Eugeniusz Milchert ◽  
Marcin Bartkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Column System ◽  
By Products

Abstract The results of dehydrochlorination of 88 wt% aqueous solution of 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol to epichlorohydrin are reported. The process was carried out in the reaction-stripping column system with a continuous removal of epichlorohydrin in the steam stream. Aqueous solutions of sodium and calcium hydroxides at concentrations in the range of 3-14 wt% were used for the dehydrochlorination. The infl uence of the type and concentration of dehydrochlorination agent on 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol conversion, the selectivity of transformation to epichlorohydrin and by-products, and the composition of distillate and wastewater were studied.

The electrical conductivity and other properties of sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution, as elucidating the mechanism of conduction.

1905 ◽  
Vol 74 (497-506) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Robert Bousfield ◽  
Thomas Martin Lowry ◽  
Henry Edward Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide

The original object of the research was to investigate the decay, as the temperature rises, in the “ionising” properties of water; which is manifest, especially in the case of the alkalies, in the inflected character of the curves expressing the relation between temperature and conductivity in aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Kinetics of gibbsite leaching in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 381-385
Author(s):  
Ljubica Pavlovic ◽  
Zagorka Acimovic-Pavlovic ◽  
Ljubisa Andric ◽  
Aurel Prstic
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Mechanism Of The Reaction

In order to study the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction, laboratory leaching was carried out with industrially produced gibbsite ?-Al(OH)3 in aqueous solutions containing an excess of sodium hydroxide. The results obtained reaction temperature, duration and base concentration varied. The basic kinetic parameters were determined from: the reaction rate constant k=8.72?107 exp (-74990/RT) and the process activation energy in the range Ea=72.5-96.81 kJ/mol.

scholarly journals A Zinc-Rich Coating Fabricated on a Magnesium Alloy by Oxide Reduction

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongzhu Lu ◽  
Yanliang Huang ◽  
Jizhou Duan ◽  
Baorong Hou
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Intermetallic Layer ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Metallic Coatings ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
Az91d Magnesium Alloy

The corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys could be enhanced by covering metallic coatings on the surface. The zinc-rich coating is one of these metallic coatings. To fabricate a zinc-rich coating on magnesium alloys, the substrate should be pretreated carefully, and a protective atmosphere is usually required. In this research, a zinc-rich coating was successfully fabricated on the AZ91D magnesium alloy in air by a diffusion alloying method, with zinc oxide as the zinc source. At the same time, the pretreatment of the magnesium alloy matrix was greatly simplified. The as-diffusion-alloyed zinc-rich intermetallic layer was investigated, utilizing SEM, EDS, and XRD, respectively. It is inferred that zinc oxide was reduced into Zn atoms by the active Mg atoms, and the Mg atoms were coming from the magnesium alloy matrix. Then the Zn atoms passed through the oxide film and formed an intermetallic layer on the magnesium alloy surface. Thus, taking advantage of the activity of Mg atoms, magnesium alloys could be surface alloyed with oxides.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA ALTERAÇÃO DO pH E DA DEGRADAÇÃO ENZIMÁTICA NA RUGOSIDADE DAS SUPERFÍCIES DE RESINAS COMPOSTAS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Enzyme Solution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Light Curing

RESUMO Foi avaliada a rugosidade superfícial de resinas compostas, antes e após a sua imersão em solução aquosa com diferentes pHs e solução enzimática. Foram confeccionados 60 corpos de prova, 30 para cada material, com auxílio de uma matriz de acrílico com 5mm de diâmetro e 2mm de espessura, as quais foram preenchidas com as resinas compostas Filtek Z350 e Empress Direct, em único incremento e realizada a fotopolimerização por 40segundos. Os corpos de prova foram divididos em06 grupos (n=10) de acordo com a solução empregada: água deionizada (Grupos ZA e EA); hidróxido de sódio com pH 13.2 (Grupos ZNa e ENa) e solução enzimática de colesterol esterase (Grupos ZE e EE). Para dar acabamento utilizou-se uma sequência decrescente de granulação de lixas d’água: 600, 1000, 1200, 1500 e 2000 e para o polimento, suspensões de alumina: 1µm, 0,3µm e 0,05µm. Após o polimento foram armazenados em estufa a 37°C durante 7 dias, para então realizar 3 medições de cada superfície no rugosímetro. Os corpos de prova foram imersos saparadamente nas soluções por 30 dias e mantidos em estufa a 37°C, a cada 7 dias as soluções eram trocadas. Após 30 dias foram realizadas mais 3 medições da rugosidade das superfícies. Os resultados foram tabulados e submetidos a análise estatística com os testes ANOVA e Tukey. Pode-se concluir que: As resinas compostas testadas apresentaram degradação hidrolítica na solução aquosa após um período de imersão de 30 dias, fato que não foi observado nas soluções de NaOH e Esterase.ABSTRACT The surface roughness of resin before and after their immersion in aqueous solutions with different pH and the enzyme solution was evaluated. They were made 60 specimens, 30 for each material with the aid of an acrylic matrix with 5mm diameter and 2mm thick, which were filled with composite resin Filtek Z350 and Empress Direct in single increment and held light curing by 40 seconds. The specimens were divided in 06 groups (n = 10) according to the used solution: deionized water (ZA Groups and EA); sodium hydroxide to pH 13.2 (ZNA Groups ENA) and enzyme solution of cholesterol esterase (ZE and EE groups). To give finishing used a descending sequence of sanding granulation water: 600, 1000, 1200, 1500 and 2000 and for polishing, alumina suspensions: 1μm, 0,3μm and 0,05μm. After polishing were stored in an oven at 37 ° C for 7 days, and then perform three measurements on each surface roughness. The specimens were immersed separately solutions for 30 days and kept in oven at 37°C every 7 days, the solutions were changed. After 30 days there were over 3 measurements of surface roughness. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey tests. It can be concluded that: The composites tested showed hydrolytic degradation in aqueous solution after a period of 30 days immersion, a fact that was not observed in NaOH and Esterase solutions.

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