scholarly journals Perception and Compliance with Use of Safety Helmet as a Preventive Measure among Commercial Motorcyclists in Yoruba Ethnic-Dominated South-West Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Kolade A.A. ◽  
Adebukunola O.A.
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
South West ◽  
Motorcycle Helmets

Significant proportion of motorcyclists in Nigeria do not adhere to appropriate safety measures due to ethnic and cultural misconceptions, prominent among which is the perceived belief among Yorubas in South-west Nigeria that motorcycle helmets could be a medium for spells and communicable infections. Study assessed the perception of commercial motorcyclists about safety helmets, examined the attitude of motorcyclists and level of compliance with safety helmets. Study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed method using quantitative and qualitative data collection. Quantitative aspect employed semi-structured questionnaires to collect data from 200 commercials while Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted for the qualitative study. Chi-square statistic was used to examine association between dependent and independent variables, statistical significance taken at p<0.05. Qualitative responses were analyzed and findings presented thematically. Findings revealed that 82.5% of the motorcyclists had positive perception, 62.0% had a negative attitude towards safety helmets while 22.5% of the motorcyclists complied with appropriate safety helmet guidelines. Compliance with safety helmets was significantly associated with motorcyclists’ educational qualification (p=0.03), ethnicity (p=0.01) and perception about safety helmets (p=0.04). Study concluded that increased awareness and advocacy which takes cognizance of cultural contexts of motorcyclists are vital if fatalities from road traffic injuries are to be reduced in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Impact Of COVID-19 Lockdown On Vitreo Retina Interventions In A Tertiary Eye Care Hospital In South India- An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Rajendran ◽  
Prabu Baskaran ◽  
Bhavik Jain ◽  
Mani Iswarya
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose: To study the impact of nationwide lockdown imposed in view of the pandemic caused by corona virus disease (COVID) on Vitreo retina interventions (VRI) in a tertiary Vitreo retina (VR) centre in south India.Methods:Retrospective data of patients who underwent VRI during the time period spanning from a month before (pre-lockdown group) and a month after (post lockdown group) the lockdown period (lockdown group) was analysed. The VRI were sub grouped into medical (lasers and injections) and surgical. Also interventions were categorized as urgent, semi-urgent and less urgent based on national guidelines. Results:A total of 1210 patients underwent VRI during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown periods. The proportion of urgent VRI increased significantly to 26.61 % during lockdown as compared to 9.81 % and 13.15 % during pre and post-lockdown period respectively (p value <0.001, chi square test). The proportion of semi-urgent and less urgent VRI decreased significantly during the lockdown period. The median presenting best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was significantly lesser during the lockdown period. The proportion of retina interventions increased significantly (more than 3 fold) during the lockdown period as compared with cumulative non retina subspecialty interventions. Conclusion:The proportion of urgent VRI during lockdown increased with statistical significance. Our study highlights the value of VR speciality service and its critical place in any ophthalmic set up to address the various vision threatening disorders needing urgent intervention, a significant proportion of which stem from retinal pathologies.

Prevalence and predictors of contraceptives use among women age (15-49) with induced abortion history in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Gazali Salifu ◽  
Mohammed Kamaldeen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Widespread Access ◽  
Post Abortion

Abstract Background Abortion incidence in Ghana ranges from 27 per 1000 to 61 per 1000 women, causing major gynecological complications or problems and maternal mortality. Though, the use of modern contraceptives has been documented to be a reliable public health preventive measure towards reducing unwanted pregnancies, only 19% of women aged (15-49) with abortion history receive post-abortion contraception support. This study therefore aimed at determining the proportion and identifying predictors of contraceptives use in these underreported and vulnerable population.Methods This study used secondary data from the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey (GMHS) for the analysis. The analysis is on a weighted sample of 3,039 women aged (15-49 years) with history of induced abortion. Both descriptive and inferential methods were employed. Chi- Square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression techniques were used to assess statistical associations between the outcome variable and the predictors. Statistical significance was set at 95% confidence interval and p-values <0.05.Results Out of the 3039 participants, 37% (95% CI: 34.6, 38.84) used contraceptives. We identified women age, union, place of residence, knowledge of fertile period, total pregnancy outcomes, and region as strong significant (95% CI p<0.005) predictors of post induced abortion contraceptives use.Conclusion Contraceptives use among this vulnerable population is low. Therefore, there is the need to provide widespread access to post-abortion contraception services and enhance efforts to efficiently integrate the safe abortion practices law into health services in Ghana.

scholarly journals Indicators of Asthma Control in Asthmatic Patients: Are they related to Depression?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarig H. Merghani ◽  
Azza O. Alawad
Keyword(s):  
Asthma Control ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Uncontrolled Asthma ◽  
Asthma Control Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
The Poor

BACKGROUND: Many patients with chronic illnesses suffer from depression. A poorly controlled asthma that presents with repeated attacks of breathlessness is a recognised risk factor for bipolar disorders. On the other hand, depression can aggravate asthma symptoms.AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the indicators of the asthma control test (ACT) among the asthmatic patients who attend the outpatient clinic for follow-up and to investigate the relation between these indicators and clinical depression, using a standardised depression scale.METHODS: A total of 38 adult asthmatic patients (29 women, age 17–85 years), with variable levels of control, were assessed using the ACT and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Data obtained were analysed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 20. The association of depression with the various indicators of asthma control was analysed with the Chi-Square test. Statistical significance was determined at p< 0.05.RESULTS: The uncontrolled asthma is associated with depression in 37% of all participants compared to 0% in the well-controlled group (p = 0.002). Depression is significantly related to asthma interference with daily activities (p = 0.003), breathlessness (p < 0.001), night symptoms (p = 0.036), use of bronchodilators (p = 0.007), and poor compliance with medical treatment (p = 0.003). The poor educational attainment and comorbidities have significant relations to both uncontrolled asthma and clinical depression (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: All indicators of the poor asthma control are associated with clinical depression. A significant proportion of the uncontrolled asthma patients suffers from depression. The possibility of improving asthma control with a pharmacological treatment of depression has to be considered.

scholarly journals Human-Wildlife conflict in Human dominated landscapes in the surrounding Kebeles of Alage ATVET College, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Temesgen ◽  
Girma Mengesha ◽  
Teferra Belay
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Spotted Hyena ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Livestock Predation ◽  
Household Heads

The study is aimed to investigate the nature and extent, and assess perception of local community towards wildlife. A total of 140 household heads were selected randomly from nine survey villages using structured and semi-structured questionnaire for interviews. Focus group discussion, key informant interview and personal observation were held used to achieve the study objectives. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and responses compared using Chi-square test (2 tailed), one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Besides, Likert scale statements were used to assess the attitudes of local people towards wildlife conservation. About 47.1% of sampled respondents thought that they experienced livestock predation whereas 57(40.7%) of the respondents faced both crop damage and livestock predation problems. A total of 932.43TLU livestock and 218 Dogs losses reported by households due to predators over the last five years. Thus, large numbers (848.6TLU livestock and 218 Dogs) of attack was happened due to Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta). The frequency of livestock predation (F = 8.157, df = 8, P < 0.05) and type of predators involved (χ2=79.719, df = 8, p <0.05) were significantly differ across study villages. Nearly half, 69(49.3%) of respondents ranked Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) as primary crop raider. Whilst majority of the respondents 115(82.1%) perceived Maize was frequently and severely damaged cereal crop. Most 80 (57.1%) respondents used different methods simultaneously to minimize damage caused by wild animals. Nearly half, (48.6%) of respondents had negative and strong negative attitude towards wildlife conservation. Level of education and amount of money imposed as penalty for illegal grazing were the most important factors affecting the local community attitudes towards wildlife conservation. Improve livestock husbandry, use appropriate guarding methods, education and make the community the actor of conservation would be vital to enhance the peaceful co-existence between human and wildlife in the study area.

Faktor Predisposisi Dan Pemungkin Perilaku Penggunaan Kondom Padapelanggan WPS Di Semampir Kediri

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Shinta Kristianti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Influential Variable ◽  
Use Behavior

Transmission of HIV-AIDS in Indonesia is growing fast, one of the triggers are due to risky sexual behavior, including sexual behavior in FSW’s clients. This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the behavior of condom use on the FSW’s clients in Semampir Kediri. This study used quantitative methods to the design of explanatory research with cross sectional approach. A triangulation of qualitative data used to support the results of quantitative analysis were excavated from WPS and pimps as a cross check answers FSW’s clients, the means used was to in-depth interviews and FGDs (Focus Group Discussion) on the FSW and pimps. Sample size was 66 people. Univariate data analysis, with chi-square bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results showed most respondents (71.2%) behave consistent in using condoms.Variables related to condom use behavior in FSW were knowledge, perception of vulnerability, severity perceived, benefits perceived, barriers perceived and perceived ability to self (self-efficacy), the availability of condoms, condom regulation, support of friends and support of FSW. Support of friend was the most influential variable on the practice of using condoms to FSW’s clients and the OR value was 19.218.; Key words: female sex workers (FSW), FSW’s clients, condom, consistent 

Use of SAMe-TT₂R₂ Score to Predict the Quality of Anticoagulation Control in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Warfarin in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-552
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Time In Therapeutic Range ◽  
Anticoagulation Control

Objective: To predict the quality of anticoagulation control in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving warfarin in Thailand. Materials and Methods: The present study retrospectively recruited Thai AF patients receiving warfarin for three months or longer between June 2012 and December 2017 in Central Chest Institute of Thailand. The patients were classified into those with SAMe-TT₂R₂ of 2 or less, and 3 or more. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the proportion of the patients with poor time in therapeutic range (TTR) between the two groups of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score. The discrimination performance of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was demonstrated with c-statistics. Results: Ninety AF patients were enrolled. An average age was 69.89±10.04 years. Most patients were persistent AF. An average CHA₂DS₂-VASc, SAMe-TT₂R₂, and HAS-BLED score were 3.68±1.51, 3.26±0.88, and 1.98±0.85, respectively. The present study showed the increased proportion of AF patients with poor TTR with higher SAMe-TT₂R₂ score. The AF patients with SAMe-TT₂R₂ score of 3 or more had a larger proportion of patients with poor TTR than those with SAMe-TT₂R₂ score of 2 or less with statistical significance when TTR was below 70% (p=0.03) and 65% (p=0.04), respectively. The discrimination performance of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was demonstrated with c-statistics of 0.60, 0.59, and 0.55 when TTR was below 70%, 65% and 60%, respectively. Conclusion: Thai AF patients receiving warfarin had a larger proportion of patients with poor TTR when the SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was higher. The score of 3 or more could predict poor quality of anticoagulation control in those patients. Keywords: Time in therapeutic range, Poor quality of anticoagulation control, Warfarin, SAMe-TT₂R₂, Labile INR

assessing knowledge, attitude and practices of miners and post-occupational miners towards pneumoconiosis in Wusakile Township, Kitwe, Zambia:cross sectional study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Banda
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Mining Areas

BACKGROUND Occupational conditions are deadly health hazards especially where dust exposure is inevitable causing chronic disabilities, impaired respiratory function and ultimately leading to death if no intensive measures are put in place. Unhealthy practices and negative attitudes rise in the number of cases of pneumoconiosis due to poor health education and awareness strategies. Pneumoconiosis is not only a health problem but also a social and economic burden on the livelihood of people living in mining areas around the globe. OBJECTIVE to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of miners and post-occupational miners towards pneumoconiosis in Wusakile Township, Kitwe, Zambia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was employed to conduct a research in Wusakile Township and a questionnaire was customized in order to syphon data relevant to the study as well to be brief. The study was conducted among 73 participants who were randomly selected among miners and post-occupational miners and all satisfied the inclusion criteria. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data. The data was entered and analysed using IBM SPSS software version 23. RESULTS Among 73 participants interviewed, 33.99% of participants had poor knowledge on the complications of pneumoconiosis. However, despite this poor knowledge, all participants had an idea about pneumoconiosis particularly silicosis. 13.70% of the respondents had bad practices towards pneumoconiosis while 86.30% had some good practices towards pneumoconiosis. Of the total participants, 19.18% of the participants had a negative attitude towards pneumoconiosis. Correlation between the level of education and practices of participants using Pearson Chi-Square, a p value of 0.021 (significant) was found ruling out the null hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS Information about pneumoconiosis and awareness programs towards pneumoconiosis are not widely disseminated among miners and post-occupational miners. There is still a significant number of participants who need to be educated more about pneumoconiosis and its complications so that attitude and practices are improved and also promote full community participation by involving competent health professionals to help in implementing preventive measures.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemberian Dukungan Keluarga Penderita TB Paru

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Dian Sari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Centre ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

<p><em>Pulmonary Tuberculosis is one of the infectious diseases that become the main problem of Indonesian society. Based on a survey conducted at Andalas Public Health Centre obtained PMO (supervisor taking medicine) TB Lungless provide support to the patient of Pulmonary TB.. This study aims to determine the relationship of knowledge and attitude with the support of family as the PMO of Pulmonary TB patients. The study was conducted at the Andalas Public Health Centre Padang in 2017. The type of descriptive analytic research using a cross-sectional approach with a sample of 59 people taken from a population of 145 people PMO using simple random sampling systematic techniques. The results showed that 27.1% of PMO was not good at providing support, 32.2% knowledge was low, and 37.3% had a negative attitude. Chi-square test concluded that there is a significant correlation between knowledge (p = 0,036), and attitude (p = 0,000), with family support as PMO in Public health centre working area Andalas Padang of the year 2017. The result of this research can be used as a reference in improving TB program Lung so it can reduce the incidence of Pulmonary TB in Public health centre working area Andalas Padang.</em><em></em></p><p> </p><p><em>Tuberkulosis Paru merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang menjadi masalah utama masyarakat Indonesia. Berdasarkan survei yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Andalas Kota Padang didapatkan sebahagian PMO (pengawas minum obat) TB Paru kurang memberikan dukungan kepada penderita TB Paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan dukungan keluarga sebagai PMO penderita TB Paru.Penelitian dilakukan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas Padang Tahun 2017. Jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectionaldengan sampel sebanyak 59 orang yang diambil dari populasi 145 orang PMO menggunakan teknik sistematik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 27,1% PMO kurang baik dalam memberikan dukungan, 32,2% pengetahuan rendah, dan 37,3% mempunyai sikap negatif. Uji chi-square disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan (p= 0,036), dan sikap (p=0,000), dengan dukungan keluarga sebagai PMO di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Andalas Padang Tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan referensi dalam meningkatkan program TB Paru sehingga dapat menurunkan angka kejadian TB Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas Padang</em></p>

Belief System: A Barrier to the Use of Modern Contraceptives among the Idoma of Benue State, North Central Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-616
Author(s):  
Chiemezie Scholastica Atama ◽  
Uzoma Odera Okoye ◽  
Amelia Ngozi Odo ◽  
Aloysius Odii ◽  
Uche Teresa Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
North Central ◽  
System A ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Despite the benefit of modern contraception, its use remains low in Nigeria. This study examined belief system as a barrier to the use of modern contraceptives among the Idoma of Benue State, North Central Nigeria. Questionnaire ( n = 1107), in-depth interview ( n = 6) and focus group discussion ( n = 52) were used to collect data from three local government areas (LGAs). The results showed high levels of knowledge (88.0%), however, only 37.8% used modern contraceptives. The male condom had the highest percentage use (56.7%). Chi-square results showed that LGA, education and occupation were significantly related to the use of modern contraceptives. Being of greater age increased the likelihood of use, whereas higher levels of education and income decreased the likelihood of modern contraceptive use ( p < 0.05). Qualitative data indicated that married women were expected to eschew modern contraceptives due to their belief in Alekwu, the community deity. Designing interventions that are culturally specific could promote use of modern contraceptives among the group.

Predictors of Faster Decline of Residual Renal Function in Taiwanese Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Te Liao ◽  
Chih-Chung Shiao ◽  
Jenq-Wen Huang ◽  
Kuan-Yu Hung ◽  
Hsueh-Fang Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Artery Disease

⋄ Objective Loss of residual renal function (RRF) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is a powerful predictor of mortality. The present study was conducted to determine the predictors of faster decline of RRF in PD patients in Taiwan. ⋄ Methods The study enrolled 270 patients starting PD between January 1996 and December 2005 in a single hospital in Taiwan. We calculated RRF as the mean of the sum of 24-hour urea and creatinine clearance. The slope of the decline of residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was the main outcome measure. Data on demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment parameters; episodes of peritonitis; and hypotensive events were analyzed by Student t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and chi-square, as appropriate. All variables with statistical significance were included in a multivariate linear regression model to select the best predictors ( p < 0.05) for faster decline of residual GFR. ⋄ Results All patients commencing PD during the study period were followed for 39.4 ± 24.0 months (median: 35.5 months). The average annual rate of decline of residual GFR was 1.377 ± 1.47 mL/min/m2. On multivariate analysis, presence of diabetes mellitus ( p < 0.001), higher baseline residual GFR ( p < 0.001), hypotensive events ( p = 0.001), use of diuretics ( p = 0.002), and episodes of peritonitis ( p = 0.043) independently predicted faster decline of residual GFR. Male sex, old age, larger body mass index, and presence of coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure were also risk factors on univariate analysis. ⋄ Conclusions Our results suggested that diabetes mellitus, higher baseline residual GFR, hypotensive events, and use of diuretics are independently associated with faster decline of residual GFR in PD patients in Taiwan.

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