Main aspects of treating, restoring and supporting the health of children with phenylketonuria

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Светлана Тарасовна Быкова ◽  
Тамара Григорьевна Калинина ◽  
Ирина Макаровна Московская

Полноценное, сбалансированное питание - основной фактор в формировании здоровья детей, когда в организме наиболее интенсивно протекают процессы роста и развития, формируются и созревают многие органы и системы, совершенствуются их функции. В статье приведены основные направления исследований зарубежных и отечественных ученых по лечению генетических заболеваний, таких как фенилкетонурия. Одним из приоритетных направлений в области здорового питания населения России в соответствии со Стратегией научно-технологического развития РФ до 2030 г. является развитие производства пищевых продуктов, обогащенных незаменимыми ингредиентами, специализированных продуктов детского питания, продуктов функционального назначения, диетических пищевых продуктов и биологически активных добавок. По данным ВОЗ от структуры питания на 70 % зависят здоровье и физическое развитие детей и подростков. Фенилкетонурия (ФКУ) - наследственное заболевание, вызывающее нарушение метаболизма аминокислоты фенилаланина у ребенка, одно из первых, рекомендованных ВОЗ для ранней диагностики у новорожденных. Отсутствие лечения вызывают серьезное поражение центральной нервной системы, отставание в умственном и физическом развитии. Особенностью современного этапа развития диетотерапии для детей, страдающих различными заболеваниями, в том числе наследственными, является разработка качественных функциональных продуктов питания, способствующих сохранению и улучшению здоровья ребенка за счет регулирующего и нормализующего воздействия на организм с учетом его физиологического состояния и возраста. Данные продукты можно широко использовать в практике лечебного питания не только в составе гипофенилаланиновой диеты, но и при любых заболеваниях, требующих ее соблюдения. В настоящее время единственным методом лечения ФКУ является диетотерапия, организованная с первых дней жизни с использованием специализированных смесей без фенилаланина. Из питания исключаются высокобелковые продукты растительного и животного происхождения. Целью лечебного воздействия диеты на ребенка является поддержка концентрации фенилаланина (ФА) в крови в пределах 2-12 мг на 100 мл в зависимости от возраста ребенка. Full-fledged balanced nutrition is the main factor in the formation of children's health, when the processes of growth and development are most intense in the body, many organs and systems are formed and mature, and their functions are improved. The article presents the main research areas of foreign and domestic scientists on the treatment of genetic diseases, such as phenylketonuria. One of the priority areas in the field of healthy nutrition of the Russian population in accordance with the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation until 2030 is the development of the production of food products enriched with essential ingredients, specialized children's food products, functional products, dietary food products and biologically active additives. According to WHO, the health and physical development of children and adolescents depends on the nutritional structure by 70%. Phenylketonuria (PKN) - an inherited disease that causes impaired metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine in a child - is one of the first recommended by WHO for early diagnosis in newborns. Lack of treatment causes serious damage to the central nervous system, a lag in mental and physical development. A feature of the modern stage of development of dietary therapy for children suffering from various diseases, including hereditary ones, is the development of quality functional food products that contribute to the preservation and improvement of the health of the child, due to the regulatory and normalizing effect on the body, taking into account its physiological state and age. These products can be widely used in the practice of therapeutic nutrition not only in the sastava of the hypophenylalanine diet, but also for any diseases requiring its observance. Currently, the only method of treating PKN is diet therapy, organized from the first days of life using specialized mixtures without phenylalanine. High-protein products of vegetable and animal origin are excluded from nutrition. The goal of the therapeutic effect of the diet on the child is to maintain the concentration of phenylalanine (FA) in the blood in the range of 2-12 mg per 100 ml, depending on the age of the child.

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
М.С. Кулбаева ◽  
А.Н. Курал ◽  
Л.Б. Умбетьярова ◽  
Н.Т. Аблайханова ◽  
Г.К. Атанбаева ◽  
...  

Человека давно интересует вопрос о том, как умственная нагрузка влияет на организм. Известно, что при длительной умственной работе преобразуется сила процессов возбуждения и торможения, изменяется соотношение между ними. С возникновением утомления в головном мозгу нарушаются взаимосвязи между корой больших полушарий и подкорковыми образованиями. При этом наблюдается снижение регулирующего влияния больших полушарий на все функции организма и уменьшение активизирующих воздействий подкорковых отделов мозга. Кроме того, длительное сидячие положение, состояние низкой двигательной активности ведут к значительному уменьшению центростремительных импульсов с рецепторов мышц, сухожилий, суставов. В исследовании приняли участие 17 относительно здоровые, имеющие стабильное физиологическое состояние девушек-студенток в возрасте от 21 до 25 лет. Для исследования были взяты 16 биологически активных точек на стандартных меридианах, связаных с определенным органом. Для оценки физиологического состояния органов до и после умственной нагрузки были исследованы показатели ЭП БАТ на коже. Выявлено снижение показателей каждого органа после умственной нагрузки по сравнению с показателями до ее выполнения со статистической достоверностью во всех исследуемых органах (р<0,05). Особенно низкие значения показателей ЭП БАТ после умственной нагрузки были выявлены в биоактивных точках меридиана печени F.3 Тай-Чун, меридиана толстой кишки GI.5 Ян-Си и GI.4 Хэ-Гу, меридиана сердца С.7 Шэнь-Мэнь, меридиана тонкой кишки IG.1 Шао-Цзе и IG.2 Цянь-Гу, меридиана почек R.1 Юн-Цюань и Р.2 Жань-Гу. Humans has long been interested in the question of how mental activity affects the body It is known that with prolonged mental work, the strength of the processes of excitation and inhibition is transformed, the ratio between them changes. With the onset of fatigue in the brain, the relationship between the cerebral cortex and subcortical formations is disrupted. At the same time, there is a decrease in the regulatory influence of the large hemispheres on all body functions and a decrease in the activating effects of the subcortical parts of the brain. In addition, prolonged sitting, a state of low motor activity leads to a significant decrease in centripetal impulses from the receptors of muscles, tendons, and joints. The study involved 17 relatively healthy, stable physiological condition of female students aged 21 to 25 years. For the study, 16 biologically active points were taken from standard meridians associated with a specific organ. To assess the physiological state of the organs before and after the load of mental labor, the indicators of EC BAP on the skin. A decrease in the indicators of each organ after mental labor was revealed in comparison with the indicators before mental labor with statistical reliability in all the studied organs (p˂0.05). Especially low values of the EC BAP values after a load of mental labor were found in the bioactive points of the liver meridian F. 3 Tai-Chun, the colon meridian GI.5 Yang-Si and GI. 4 He-Gu, the heart meridian C. 7 Shen-Men, the small intestine meridian IG.1 Shao-tse and IG.2 Qian-Gu, the meridian of the kidneys R. 1 Yun-Chuan and R. 2 Zhan-Gu.


Author(s):  
S. S. Mirgalimova ◽  
A. O. Trufanova ◽  
R. R. Fatkullin

The physiological state of animals is to a certain extent characterized by hematological indicators, since blood occupies a special place in the body. By transferring nutrients and biologically active substances, the blood performs the general regulation of vital functions of the body. The use of Vitartil as a feed additive in the diets of animals leads to an increase in glycolytic processes and a decrease in the body’s need for oxygen delivery, which contributes to the growth of the animal body. The purpose of the research was to study the changes in blood parameters taking into account the age of Hereford steers against the background of the use of Vitartil feed additive to the main diet and its effect on the productive traits of animals. In order to carry out the experiment two groups of steers-analogs of Hereford breed have been formed at the age of 6 months per 10 heads in each. The difference between the groups was that the steers of the experimental group have been received the feed additive Vitartil in addition to the main diet. The greater yield of the meat part was in the steers of the experimental group in comparison with the herdmates of the control group. This indicator in the experimental group was 78,9 %, while in the control group it was lower by 1,6 %. The animals of the experimental group were superior to their herdmates in terms of meat weight by 1,4 kg or by 8,8 %. The relative number of bones was lower in the experimental group and amounted to 18,4 %, and in the control group 19,2 %. The meat content index was high in the steer have been received the biologically active additive Vitartil and was 4,3, and in the control group 4,0. It has been found that the use of Vitartil feed additive to the main diet of Hereford steers increases the blood content of hemoglobin and glucose, which has a certain effect on the morphological and chemical composition of meat, as well as increases its energy value.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (92) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
B. Kyryliv

We have studied the dynamics of growth and development of chicken egg production of line cross “Hayseks brown” from day age to the age of peak performance. During the experiment, the study of the intensity of metabolic processes in the body of 6, 35, 90, 120, and 150 day-olds, i.e., in critical periods when there is intense growth of feathers and juvenile molten (30–60 days), the beginning of the oviposition (120 days) and the beginning of an intensive oviposition (150 days). In these age periods, the level of soluble proteins, amine nitrogen, and the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were determined in liver tissues, cuticles of the muscular stomach, gastrointestinal mucosa, gastrointestinal mucosa, duodenum and pancreas. As a result of the research, it was found that the intensity of the growth of chickens is different from the recommendation for the “Hayseks Brown” cross. Only at the age of 119–126 days growing the body weight of the reared chickens coincides with the recommended technology for hens of the cross “Hayseks Brown”. The results of biochemical studies are related to changes in the physiological state and magnitude of gains. During the growth of repair young poultry, in the critical periods of growth and development, it is necessary to deliberately affect the processes of protein metabolism by enhancing the processes of digestion and assimilation of nutrients and biologically active substances of fodder and the sufficient introduction of free amino acids by the use of exogenous enzyme preparations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 720-734
Author(s):  
Natalia Sergeevna RODIONOVA ◽  
Evgeny Sergeevich POPOV ◽  
Anatoly Anatolievich KHITROV ◽  
Natalia Alekseevna RODIONOVA ◽  
Elena Ivanovna EGOROVA

The effective functioning of all body systems is mostly determined by many essential substances that act as activators of metabolic reactions. Their diet deficiency leads to violations of alimentary nature homeostasis, exacerbated by environmental, social, and economic factors. This study aimed to compare antihypoxant properties nutrients of the vegetable and animal origin, their impact on respiratory and transport parameters of gas exchange, as criteria for the energy balance of the body, and the assessment of probiotic factor in improving the antihypoxant properties of targeted biologically active substances. The increase in the efficiency of gas exchange was evaluated on the example of students and teachers of an engineering university at ages from 16 to 65 in daily consumption of food products with known biocorrective properties: wheat germ oil (WGO), wheat germ oil meal (WGOM), concentrated tissue fish oil (CTFO) and their combinations with the biomass of the lacto- and Bifidus bacteria consortium. The change of energy efficiency of the nutritional status was assessed based on the analysis of the carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) concentration in the exhaled gas-air mixture and the level of hemoglobin (SpO2). Their values were recorded before and after the daily consumption of the tested products for 30 days. The average values of parameters in all age groups have demonstrated that the most effective antihypoxant is the wheat germ oil meal. A combination of biocorrectors under investigation with active forms of probiotic microorganisms provides a more active antihypoxant effect for all products under investigation in all age groups. The obtained data make it possible to state the possibility of an operational alimentary impact on gas exchange efficiency and prove the antihypoxant properties of WGO, WGOM, CTFO, and the synergetic effect of their combination with probiotic microorganisms in the active form.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (101) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
O. M. Pyatnychko ◽  
M. I. Zhyla ◽  
N. V. Shkodyak ◽  
O. O. Saliy ◽  
M. V. Derkach ◽  
...  

An important feature of living organisms, acquired in the process of evolution, is the ability to adapt to various external influences and changes in the environment, to maintain homeostasis and regulatory processes in organs, systems and the body as a whole. However, with modern breeding technologies, the physiological capabilities of the animal's body are often unable to change as quickly as required by the conditions of industrial maintenance, which leads to stress. Vitamin preparations and biologically active feed additives are widely used by veterinary medicine specialists to increase resistance to stressful situations, disease prevention, increase resistance, safety and productivity of farm animals. Preparation L-tsyn, solution for injection (manufactured by BIOTESTLAB LLC), is a drug, the action of which is due to the prescription combination of active substances, namely: butaphosphane, B vitamins (vitamin B12, vitamin B3) and L-carnitine. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the drug L-tsyn on horses under the influence of stressors of various natures. Two experiments on working horses with constant, excessive physical activity with chronic exercises and with complex therapy of intoxication with signs of acute renal failure in horse were conducted. Clinical trials of the drug were performed on working horses aged 5–15 years, of different sexes. The drug was administered in a dose of 20–25 ml per animal, 1 time per day for 5 consecutive days. The clinical condition of the experimental animals was observed for 21 days from the start of the drug. The morpho-functional state of the animal's body before and after the drug was established according to the indicators of the clinical condition, morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood, which were determined according to generally accepted methods. In working horses under excessive load the drug L-tsyn activated the processes of hematopoiesis, improved the physiological state of the body and contributed to the increase the general tone of the body. The drug as part of complex therapy in the treatment of intoxication, showed hepato- and nephroprotective properties, reduced the manifestations of intoxication, helped to restoration of the animal’s normal physiological state. According to the results of clinical, hematological and biochemical studies, it can be concluded that the drug L-tsyn has a stimulating effect on metabolic processes in the animals’ body, shows tonic properties, increases the body's resistance to toxins and adverse environmental factors and can be used as monotherapy and for the complex treatment of diseases of various etiologies in horses.


Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
М.С. Кулбаева ◽  
Ж.А. Жаксыбай ◽  
Л.Б. Умбетьярова ◽  
Г.К. Атанбаева ◽  
Н.Т. Аблайханова ◽  
...  

Физические упражнения - это эффективный профилактический метод защиты от болезней и преждевременного старения. Для нормального функционирования организму нужна физическая нагрузка. Исследование проведено на 17 физиологически здоровых студентах в возрасте от 21 до 25 лет. Анализировали данные по 16 биологически активным точкам по стандартным меридианам, которые связана с активностью соответствующих внутренних органов. Результаты показателей электропроводности (ЭП) биологически активных точек (БАТ) на коже, по стандартным меридианам помогают оценить физиологическое состояние органов при определенной физической нагрузке. Было обнаружено, что значения ЭП БАТ кожи, полученные по стандартным меридианам органов до и после физической активности, увеличивались или уменьшались в некоторых органах. С энергетической точки зрения экономия энергии в организме наблюдается при повышенных и пониженных значениях ЭП БАТ во время физических нагрузок. Было установлено повышенние ЭП (р<0,05) БАТ кожи после физической нагрузки. по стандартным меридианам органов: сердце, тонкий кишечник, толстый кишечник и почки. Было обнаружено, что под влиянием физических нагрузок в биоактивных точках меридианов легких, желудка, мочевого пузыря, печени статистически достоверно снижалось ЭП БАТ (р<0,05). Exercise is an effective preventive measure against disease and premature aging. For normal functioning, the body needs physical activity. The study was conducted on 17 physiologically healthy students aged 21 to 25 years. Analyzed data on 16 biologically active points along the standard meridians, which are associated with the activity of the corresponding internal organs. The results of indicators of electrical conductivity (ЕС) of biologically active points (BAP) on the skin, according to standard meridians, help to assess the physiological state of organs under a certain physical load. It was found that the blood pressure values EС of cutaneous BAP, obtained from standard organ meridians before and after physical activity, increased or decreased in some organs. From an energy point of view, energy savings in the body are observed with increased and decreased values of EP BAP during physical exertion. An increase in EС (р<0,05) of the BAP skin was found after exercise. along the standard meridians of organs: heart, small intestine, large intestine and kidneys. It was found that under the influence of physical activity in the bioactive points of the meridians of the lungs, stomach, urinary bladder, liver, the EС BAP significantly decreased (р<0,05).


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Mahendra Pal ◽  
Judit Molnár

Celiac disease is an inherited disease. In this case, the protein found in the wheat, barley, rye, and oats (α-gliadin - the alcohol-soluble component of gluten) damages the small intestinal mucosa of the body. As a result of the damage, absorption is impaired. The only way to treat it is through diet, so it is imperative to completely avoid the gluten-containing products. These must be replaced by gluten-free products. The primary purpose of the manuscript is to formulate dietary recommendations for patients with celiac disease. In addition, dishes are prepared and presented that can be an active part of the diet (fried chicken with potato garnish; fruit smoothie with coconut drink; chicken with mixed vegetable salad; fried eggs with fried vegetables and extruded gluten-free cornbread). These foods can be used effectively as part of a gluten-free diet. We hope to provide useful information for the scientific community. In addition, we can contribute to the protection of their health.


2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
S.V. Dezhatkina ◽  
◽  
Sh.R. Zyalalov ◽  
M.E. Dezhatkin ◽  
◽  
...  

The article raises questions about development of organic food market in Russia. One of the options for obtaining organic livestock products by using silicon-containing natural minerals as feed additives is proposed. The main carrier in the supplement is a highly activated natural zeolite, the filler is an amino acid complex of animal origin, the supplement is a 100 % natural product. The work was carried out in Ulyanovsk region at OOO “Agrofirma Tetyushskoye” on dairy cows of the black-and-white breed. There were two groups, 10 cows in each were selected: according to live weight, age, productivity, physiological state. The first group (control) received only the ration accepted on the farm. As for the second group (experimental), a silicon-containing additive based on modified zeolite enriched with amino acids was included in the ration once a day at a dose of 250 g per cow. All the animals were kept in the same conditions, there was stable housing. In the course of the experiment, improvement of morphological composition of cows’ blood and nitrogen metabolism parametres was revealed when an additive based on highly activated zeolite enriched with amino acids was introduced into the ration. The additive promoted an increase of: erythrocytes by 14.38 %, hemoglobin - by 12.17 % (p <0.05), leukocytes - by 20.44 % (p <0.01); total protein - by 11.84 %, albumin - by 11.11%, globulins - by 12.24 %; decrease of urea by 22.22 and ALT activity by 8.0%. In general, the parametres show protein metabolism intensification and effective usage of feed nitrogen for synthesis processes in the body, including milk synthesis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2(52)) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Natallia Iosifovna Beliakova ◽  
Valery Vikentievich Shylau ◽  
Anna Alexandrovna Zhurnia

The most significant nutritional problems of modern man are the reduction of the need for energy, and, therefore, for food. This is due to low physical activity, as well as insufficient intake of vitamins, minerals and other biologically active substances into the body. In this regard, the creation of functional and specialized food products that allow eliminating the observed deficit and providing the diet with a sufficient amount of effective ingredients that contribute to improving the functioning of the body is acquiring particular relevance. The article presents the main achievements of the nutrition department of RUE Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Food in the development of functional and specialized products, as well as the prospects for creating new types of food products, taking into account the individual characteristics of a person and the methodology of personalized nutrition.


Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
М.С. Кулбаева ◽  
Э.Р. Намаз ◽  
Л.Б. Умбетьярова ◽  
С.Т. Тулеуханов ◽  
А. Ыдырыс ◽  
...  

Сегодня познание хронобиологических закономерностей существования является одной из актуальных задач биологии и медицины. Определение функционального состояния органов в теле человека в зависимости от времени суток - это одна из актуальных на сегодняшний день проблем. Основной целью исследовательской работы стала оценка физиологического состояния органов по показателям электропроводности биологически активных точек на коже, используемых в диагностических, лечебных, профилактических целях. В исследовании приняли участие 20 взрослых мужчин в возрасте от 20 до 25 лет, которые были относительно здоровыми, с устойчивым физиологическим состоянием. В качестве объекта исследования изучали показатели электропроводности 16 биологически активных точек, расположенных на стандартных меридианах. Оценивали статистически достоверные различия значений минимальной и максимальной электропроводности биоактивных точек из меридианов исследуемых органов в течение суток. Полученные результаты соответствуют времени, в период которого органы обеспечиваются жизненной энергией на высоком или низком уровне по концепции Чи, применяемой в народной медицине Китая. Значения высокой электропроводности приведены в соответствие с высокой энергетической ценностью, а значения низкой электропроводности - с пониженной энергетической ценностью. Today, the knowledge of the chronobiological laws of existence is one of the urgent tasks of biology and medicine. Determination of the functional state of organs in the human body depending on the time of day is one of the most pressing problems today. The main purpose of the research work was to assess the physiological state of organs by indicators of electrical conductivity of biologically active points on the skin, used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic purposes. The study involved 20 adult men aged 20 to 25, who were relatively healthy, with a stable physiological state. As the object of the study, the indicators of electrical conductivity of 16 biologically active points located on standard meridians were studied. Statistically significant differences in the values of the minimum and maximum electrical conductivity of bioactive points from the meridians of the studied organs during the day were evaluated. The results obtained correspond to the time during which the organs are provided with vital energy at a high or low level according to the concept of Chi, used in traditional medicine in China. High conductivity values correspond to high energy values, and low conductivity values correspond to reduced energy values.


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