Comparative Study of different Solvent Extract of Plectranthus amboinicus Stem for their Diuretic Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 4727-4730
Author(s):  
Noor Salma ◽  
Chandra Prakash K ◽  
Syed Sagheer Ahmed ◽  
Saba Tabassum ◽  
Ahalya Devi K H
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Solvent Extract ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Diuresis can be beneficial in removing toxins from the body. Globally traditional and folklore medicines plays a vital role in health care services. Plectranthus amboinicus belongs to Lamiaceae family is an Indian medicinal plant which has been utilized traditionally to treat various diseases. However, there is no systematic methodology for the use of Plectranthus amboinicus stem as a diuretic. Hence the present study is proposed to evaluate the diuretic activity of various solvent extract of Plectranthus amboinicus stem in the rat model. The acute toxicity study was performed in albino mice by fixed-dose method (OECD guidelines number 425) of CPCSEA. The diuretic activity was carried out using the Lipschitz method. The total urine volume collected in 24hours was observed. Sodium, potassium and chloride concentration in urine were also recorded. The ionic concentrations were recorded calorimetrically. Acute toxicity study proved no toxicity and mortality in any of the animal up to the dose of 2000mg/kg bodyweight. All three extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus have exhibited dose-dependent diuretic activity by increasing urine volume and excreting sodium ions in urine. The urine pH was also elevated. From the study, it can be concluded that the plant Plectranthus amboinicus could be considered as a diuretic agent. This current study encourages the use of this plant in folk medicine. Further study is required for isolation, characterization and formulation of the active constituents responsible for its diuretic activity.

PHARMACOGNOSTIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF Ficus sycomorus (Linn) (Moraceae) ROOT AND STEM BARK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
Murtala M. Namadina ◽  
H. Haruna ◽  
U. Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes, nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological disorders when they attack biochemical molecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. In this study, phytochemical components, antioxidant and acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of stem bark and root of F. sycomorus were carried out using standard methods. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some diagnostic microscopical features such as calcium oxalate, starch, gum/mucilage, lignin, Aleurone grain, suberized/Cuticular cell wall and inulin but calcium carbonate was absent in stem bark but present in the powdered root. Quantitative physical constants include moisture contents (6.40% and 7.82%), ash value (7.20% and 9.30 %) in stem bark and root respectively. Carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycoside, steroid, triterpenes and phenols were present in all the extracts. They were found to exhibit potent 1,1,-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts showed the following trend Ascorbic acid < stem bark extract˃ root extract. The LD50 of the methanolic stem bark and root extracts were found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and is considered safe for use. Nonetheless, further

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY AND DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF URAL SYRUP

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-525
Author(s):  
Tejas Thakkar ◽  
Rakesh Patel ◽  
Hardik Soni ◽  
Ghanshyam Patel
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Study of Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour Macerated with Strobilanthes crispus in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 976-981
Author(s):  
Rizka Qurrota A’yun ◽  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
Hamam Hadi ◽  
Mustofa Mustofa ◽  
Eva Nurinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Strobilanthes Crispus

BACKGROUND: Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a local tuber food that high in bioactive compound glucomannan. It uses are limited due to oxalate acid content which poses health risks. Strobilanthes crispus leaves could reduce the level of calcium oxalate in porang. However, there is still no study to prove its safety. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity study of porang (A. oncophyllus) macerated with S. crispus based on observation of mortality rate (LD50), the changes in behavior during 72 h, renal and hepatic function such as urinary protein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels of Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) METHODS: An acute toxicity test was conducted based on the Organization of Economic Co-Operation and Development 420 Fixed-Dose Procedure Guideline that consists of preliminary and main studies. For the preliminary study, rats were divided into control and five treatment groups with the dosage of 50, 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for each natural porang flour (NPF) and S. crispus-macerated porang flour (SPF). For the main study, rats were divided into four groups, those were NPF and SPF with the dosage of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW. Levels of urinary protein and blood serum SGOT and SGPT levels were measured at 0, 24, and 72 after treatment. RESULTS: The acute toxicity study showed that porang and porang macerated with S. crispus were not toxic until the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg BW. It was proved by the absence of LD50, no change in behavior, no weight losses, and also the results of biochemical tests, such as urinary protein, SGOT, and SGPT which were still in the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Porang flour and SPF were concluded as non-toxic food based on acute toxicity study.

scholarly journals Acute and subacute toxicity evaluation of hydroalcoholic extract from the stem bark of Bois Bande (Parinari campestris Aubl.1772) in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesan Sundaram ◽  
Stephanie Mohammed ◽  
M. R. Srinivasan ◽  
Jenelle Johnson ◽  
Rod Suepaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Abstract Introduction The bark of Bois Bande (Parinari campestris) is a popular aphrodisiac in the Caribbean that has been traditionally used for many years to restore sexual vitality, increase sperm count, and treat erectile dysfunction, without valid scientific data. Acute and 28-day subacute toxicity studies were conducted to evaluate the safety of the hydroalcoholic extract of P.campestris bark and to find a safe dose for human use in conventional medicine. Methods The acute toxicity study used a single oral dose of P.campestris extract at four separate doses, 5, 50, 300, and 2,000 mg/kg, and was seen for 14 days, while the subacute toxicity study used a daily oral dose of P.campestris extract at 3 different doses, 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Results The LD50 of P.campestris extract was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg in the acute toxicity study. P.campestris extract did not show toxicity at 1000 mg/kg/day in subacute toxicity trial; NOAEL was 1000 mg/kg/day in rats. However, the body weight was increased in males. Conclusion In conclusion, 1000 mg/kg P.campestris extract can be considered safe and non-toxic in males.

An experiemental study to evaluate the principle Trini Dravyani Nati Upayunjita w.s.r. to Kshara (Alkali)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Paul ◽  
Umapati C. Baragi ◽  
Kashinath Hadimur ◽  
R. A. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Study

Background: In Charaka Samhita it has been mentioned that three medicinal substances viz. Pippali (Piper longum), Kshara (alkali) and Lavana (salt) can be used as emergency medicine, but they should not be consumed in excess (Ati Upayunjita). If they are consumed in excess quantity they will cause several adverse effects in the body. Hence in the present study Kshara has been evaluated in experimental animals in two different phases viz. acute administration at graded doses as part of acute toxicity study and sub-acute administration at fixed dose level, as part of sub-acute toxicity study, to assess the possible adverse effects if any. Objectives: To evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxic effect of Kshara in albino rats to establish the principle of Trini Dravyani Nati Upayunjita. Materials and Methods: Wister strain albino rats of either sex weighing between 150 - 200g body weights were used for experimental study. The experiment was carried out as per ‘Ayush Guidelines’ after the IAEC clearance. For Acute Toxicity - 9 Albino rats were used and for Sub-Acute Toxicity - 12 Albino rats were used. The dose calculation was done on the basis of body surface area ratio using the table of ‘Paget and Barnes rule’. Results: In Acute toxicity study no mortality and behavioral changes were observed when the drug Kshara was studied after two dose level i.e. TED X 5 and TED X 10. In Sub-acute study some behavioral changes (including cage side behavior) were observed. No mortality was observed in any of the groups. Discussion: Acute toxicity study of Kshara showed no immediate and evident toxic signs and mortality within 24 hours of observation. In Sub-acute toxicity study in all four groups, no mortality or evident toxic effects were observed, however some mild histopathological changes were observed in sub-acute study.

An experimental study to evaluate the concept of Trividha Atisevana Varjya Dravya w.s.r. to Lavana

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Nimbal ◽  
Umapati C. Baragi ◽  
Kashinath Hadimur ◽  
Jyothi Alias Jyostna
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Equivalent Dose ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Acute Study

Background: Lavana is used as medicine as well as Ahara since ancient times. In Caraka Samhita it has been mentioned that three Dravyas viz. Pippali, Kshara (alkali) and Lavana (salt) can be used as emergency medicine, but they should not be consumed in excess (Ati Upayunjita). Hence in the present study Lavana has been evaluated in experimental animals in two different phases’ viz. Acute administration at graded doses as part of acute toxicity study and Sub-Acute administration at fixed dose level, as part of toxic Sub-Acute toxicity study, to assess the possible adverse effects. Materials andamp; Methods: Wistar strain albino rats of either sex weighing between 150 - 200g. body weights were used, The experiment was carried out in accordance with the direction of the Institutional animal ethics committee (IAEC) after obtaining its permission (Approval number IAEC – 138/k/2018). Results: Results were drawn based on histopathological reports and biochemical reports of each group of toxicity study. Acute toxicity study has been carried out in albino rats receiving the 2 dose level maximum at up to 10 times higher (855mg/kg) then the therapeutic equivalent dose (427.5mg/kg). In Sub-Chronic toxicity: dose given was five times higher than therapeutic equivalent dose and ten times the equivalent to human therapeutic dose for duration of 30 days. Discussion: Toxicity is not found in Acute study and in Sub-Acute study moderate to high toxicity is found.

scholarly journals Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Studies of an Ethanol/Water Extract of Euphorbia scordifolia Jacq (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice and in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 18-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Archange Tagne Fokam ◽  
Paul Aimé Noubissi ◽  
René Kamgang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Hematological Analysis

Euphorbia scordifolia is used in Cameroon as galactagogue and in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. This work was undertaken to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicities of ethanol/water extract of Euphorbia scordifolia (EWEs). Acute toxicity study was carried out by oral administration of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/kg body weight of EWEs to mice in the respective groups. Subchronic toxicity study was conducted by oral administration of the extract at daily doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg body weight to another group of rats for 28 days, while rats in the control group received 10 mL/kg body weight of distilled water. Following the 28-day treatment, the rats were sacrificed for hematological, biochemical and histopathology studies. In the acute toxicity study, EWEs was found to be non-toxic at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. The subchronic treatment with EWEs did not alter either the body weight gain or the food and water consumption. Biochemical analysis did not show any significant differences in any of the parameters examined in males or females. Hematological analysis showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in white blood cells and red blood cells in males treated with 100 mg/kg bw and a significant (P<0.01) decrease in hemoglobin and hemoglobin hematocrit in all treated females. Necropsy and histopathological examination revealed some slight hepatic necrosis with the dose 100 mg/kg bw. It would be necessary to use the ethanol/water extract for short periods (<4 weeks). Thus, the plant, at least its ethanol/water extract, could be considered with a wide margin of safety for short-term oral use.

In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Withania coagulans extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejas Patel ◽  
B.N. Suhagia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Study Results

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major issue to public health as its prevalence is rising day by day. Synthetic agents available for the diabetic treatment are expensive or produce undesirable side effect on chronic use and some of them are not suitable during pregnancy. Herbal medicines accepted widely due to side effects and low cost. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the activity of Withania coagulans extract using In-vitro and In-vivo model. Methods: Different three types of Withania coagulans extract were prepared using aqueous (W1), Alcohol (W2) and hydro-alcoholic (50:50) mixture (W3). In-vitro Anti-diabetic activity of the all three extracts evaluated using RINm5F Pancreatic beta cells.Further, n-vivo anti-diabetic evaluation performed by administering 50 mg/kg (p.o) aqueous extract for 7 days in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. Body weight of the animals was also determined to perform acute toxicity study. Results: The results of in –vitro cell based study indicated that among all three extract, aqueous extract (W1) of Withania coagulans showed potential increase in inulin release. The EC50 of the W1 (249.6 µg/L) which is compared with standard (Glibenclamide) EC50. From the results of In-vitro study, W1 subjected for acute toxicity study and the acute toxicity study results indicated LD50 of 50mg/kg. Diabetic rats treated with W1 extract at oral dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days showed 34.17% reduction in blood glucose in comparison to untreated diabetic (STZ-induced) rats. Blood glucose levels of Standard treated (Glibenclamide) and control untreated. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of pancreatic beta cell based study showed increase in insulin release by administration of extract. Further aqueous extract (W1) was potentially reduced blood glucose level in STZ induced diabetic mice.

Safety Evaluation of Eucalyptus globulus Essential Oils through Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity and Skin Irritation in Mice and Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Berhan Mengiste ◽  
Tizazu Zenebe ◽  
Kassahun Dires ◽  
Ermias Lulekal ◽  
Awol Mekonnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Ointment Formulation

Background: The Eucalyptus globulus extractions have been used by the traditional healers to treat diseases in the study area. Our previous study revealed that the essential oil has antimicrobial and antifungal activity. This study determined phytochemical analysis, skin irritation, acute and subacute toxicity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil in mice and rats. Methods: The phytochemicals were analyzed using GC-MS mass spectrometry. The acute toxicity study was determined at three dose levels of 1500 mg/kg, 1750mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg. The essential oil limit test at a dose of 1000 mg/kg was administered to mice for 28 consecutive days for sub-acute toxicity study. The mice mortality, behavioral change, injury and other signs of illness were recorded once daily. Biochemical parameters were evaluated. Liver and kidney were analyzed for histopathological analyses. The 5% ointment formulation was applied to the rat skin to determine skin irritation effects. Results: The Eucalyptus globulus essential oil showed no effect on the mice at a dose of 1500mg/kg and below, but caused signs of toxicity and death at a dose of 1750mg/kg and above compared to the controls (p<0.05). The LD50 value was 1650 mg/kg. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the body weights, gross abnormalities of the organs and biochemical parameters compared to the control at 1000 mg/kg subacute toxicity study. No histopathological changes were detected in the organs tested. The 5% ointment formulation did not show any abnormal skin reaction. Discussion: In the present study, the Eucalyptus globulus essential oil was comparable with other studies in terms of both chemical composition and its effects on sub-acute and topical application. Conclusion: This toxicity study demonstrated that Eucalyptus globulus essential oil is nontoxic at a relatively lower concentration.

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