Extraction of Essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus using Organic solvents

2021 ◽  
pp. 5709-5712
Author(s):  
Usharani B.
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Geometric Isomers ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
The Common

Essential oils are extracted from diverse plants and used in medicinal field for diverse conditions. The presence of unique aromatic compounds imparts aroma and medicinal values. Essential oil plays a vital role in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and also acts as rejuvenate. Though there are various plants from which essential oil are extracted, our study focuses on the extraction and comparison of the phytochemicals released from the fresh leaves of Cymbopogon citratus using two different organic solvents; (a). hexane (b) hexane and toluene in the ratio 1:1. Extraction was performed for 16 hours in Soxhlet extractor. The amount of oil obtained was weighed in both extractions and subjected to GC MS for phytochemical analysis. Results revealed that when the solvents hexane and toluene in the ratio 1:1 was used it gave a better yield of 3% from 5 gram of fresh leaves, while hexane yielded only 1.5%. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the compound released from both extractions are of diverse medicinal values and can be used in aromatherapy as rejuvenate. The compounds nerol (2,6 octadienal, 3,7 dimethyl.Z) and geraniol (2,6 octadienal, 3,7 dimethyl) are the common phytochemicals extracted .Nerol and geraniol are geometric isomers. Geraniol is reported as an efficient anticancer agent with additional properties of analgesic, antinflammatory and antiseptic values. Nerol is used as a fragrance. The compound 1 acetyl 4 hydroxy pyrrolidine 2 one is extracted when hexane and toluene were used for extraction in the ratio 1:1. It is reported to be anti-rheumatic and effective in the treatment of hips and joints. Hence it can be concluded that hexane and toluene in the ratio 1:1 can be used for extraction of oil considering its medicinal values and the increased % of extraction rather than using hexane alone.

Preparation and Characterization of Naturally Scented Candles Using the Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Hoang Danh Pham ◽  
Tri Nhut Pham ◽  
Do Thi Kim Nga ◽  
Ngan Thi Thu Nhung ◽  
Tri Duc Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

At present, there are many different forms of relaxation and aromatic candles are one of the common forms. Scented candles not only provide background lighting but also help promoting a feeling of wellness. This study attempts to produce scented candles from natural sources such as soy wax, beeswax, and natural essential oils to bring the most practical benefits to the users. The produced candle should be long lasting, low cost and causes no health effects. The composition of scented candles included 60% beeswax, 30% soy wax, 8% lemongrass essential oil, 1% citric acid, and 1% ethanol.

scholarly journals Volatilome and Essential Oil of Ulomoides dermestoides: A Broad-Spectrum Medical Insect

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6311
Author(s):  
Paulina J. Cázares-Samaniego ◽  
Claudia G. Castillo ◽  
Miguel A. Ramos-López ◽  
Marco M. González-Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pharmacological Interest ◽  
Main Components

Ulomoides dermestoides are used as a broad-spectrum medical insect in the alternative treatment of various diseases. Preliminary volatilome studies carried out to date have shown, as the main components, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1-tridecene, 1-pentadecene, and limonene. This work focused on the production of metabolites and their metabolic variations in U. dermestoides under stress conditions to provide additional valuable information to help better understand the broad-spectrum medical uses. To this end, VOCs were characterized by HS-SPME with PEG and CAR/PDMS fibers, and the first reported insect essential oils were obtained. In HS-SMPE, we found 17 terpenes, six quinones, five alkenes, and four aromatic compounds; in the essential oils, 53 terpenes, 54 carboxylic acids and derivatives, three alkynes, 12 alkenes (1-Pentadecene, EOT1: 77.6% and EOT2: 57.9%), 28 alkanes, nine alkyl disulfides, three aromatic compounds, 19 alcohols, three quinones, and 12 aldehydes were identified. Between both study approaches, a total of 171 secondary metabolites were identified with no previous report for U. dermestoides. A considerable number of the identified metabolites showed previous studies of the activity of pharmacological interest. Therefore, considering the wide variety of activities reported for these metabolites, this work allows a broader vision of the therapeutic potential of U. dermestoides in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Extraction and Formulation of Perfume from Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1461-1463
Author(s):  
O.E. Ameh ◽  
J.I. Achika ◽  
N.M. Bello ◽  
A.J. Owolaja
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method

This work aimed to extract perfume from the leaves of Cymbopogon citratus using three extraction methods viz: distillation, solvent extraction and expression or effleurage. About 150 g of dried lemons grass were extracted using ethanol as the solvent to obtain essential oils required for the formulation of perfumes. The result of the hydrodistillation process showed that 1.23 g of essential oil per 130g of dry lemongrass produce 0.95% oil at 78 °C, while the effleurage method was 2.55 g of essential oil per 130 g of dry lemongrass sample thereby producing 1.96% oil yield. The solvent extraction method gave 2.7 g of essential oil per 130 g of dry lemongrass sample. This gives about 2.08 % yield of essential oil at a temperature of 78°C i.e. the boiling point of ethanol. The solvent extraction method yielded 2.08%, the effleuragemethod yielded 1.96% and the hydrodistillation method yielded 0.95% essential oil respectively. In conclusion, solvent extraction gave the highest yield because of less exposure to air and heat, which is highly recommended as the most suitable method for the extraction of essential oil.

scholarly journals Chemical Components of Agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) Essential Oils Grown in Various Regions of Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Kim Ngan ◽  
Dinh Thi Thu Thuy ◽  
Tran Thi Tuyen ◽  
Cam Thi Inh ◽  
Hoang Thi Bich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Volatile Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Aquilaria Crassna

This study presents a chemometric study on agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) essential oils extracted from selected agarwood samples grown in various regions of Asia. Adopting gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, it was revealed that essential oils, produced by hydrodistillation,constitutes mainly volatile aromatic compounds. Several major components are shared in all samples including dihydro-agarofuran-15-al, jinkoeremol, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, agarospirol, valerianol, n-hexadecanoic acid, neopetasane and dihydrokaranone. Despite differences in composition, extraction yield and detected constituents found in analyzed samples, characteristic aromatic compounds were abundantly found in the Agarwood essential oil. These discrepancies could be due to cultivation season, climatic conditions and extraction methods. Unambiguous identification of components in agarwood essential oils thereby opens new potential in the application of high-value aromatic compounds in agarwood essential oil in cosmetic products, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil Via Spray Drying: Effects of Feed Emulsion Parameters

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phu Thuong Nhan ◽  
Vo Tan Thanh ◽  
Mai Huynh Cang ◽  
Tri Duc Lam ◽  
Nguyen Cam Huong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

The purpose of this study was to attempt the encapsulation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil utilizing spray drying technique. An array of process parameters including concentration of wall (15–30%), type of wall materials (maltodextrin, maltodextrin and gum Arabic mixture), and concentration of essential oil (0.5–2.0%) were thoroughly investigated. The results show that the use of sole maltodextrin as encapsulant gave microcapsules characteristics comparable to that of powder produced using maltodextrin and gum Arabic mixture. The encapsulation process that was performed with maltodextrin at the concentration of 30% as wall material and lemongrass essential oil at the concentration of 1.5% as core material showed highest drying yield (84.49%), microencapsulation yield (89.31%) and microencapsulation efficiency (84.75%). Encapsulated essential oils retained most of their major constituents in comparison with the bare essential oils without any significant compromise in product quality.

scholarly journals Mycotoxins Content of Smoked Fishes Sampled on Market Stalls of Ngaoundere and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum basilicum against Mycotoxin Producing Strains

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Nadege D. Nganou ◽  
Eliane S. Tchinda ◽  
Alphonse T. Sokamte ◽  
Franklin K. Ngoualem ◽  
Steve F. Nodem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Study Laboratory

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sanitary quality of smoked fish by determining their mycotoxin content, and also the chemical composition, antifungal activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum basilicum essential oils from Cameroon against some mycotoxigenic fungal strains responsible of the smoked fish biodegradation. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon, from August 2019 to April 2020. Methodology: Fifteen samples of smoked fishes have been collected in August 2019 from “petit marché” market (Ngaoundere, Cameroon). Physico-chemical parameters of smoked fishes were evaluated. Mycotoxin (AFB1, CIT, and OTA) contents have been determined with HPLC. Isolation and identification of molds were done using their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, and the identity of the strains was done by PCR sequencing methods. For plants, 15 kg of Cymbopogon citratus leaves and 5 kg of Ocimum basilicum leaves have been harvested on 10 September 2019 in Ngaoundere and used for the essential oil’s extraction. Essential oil extraction has been done through hydrodistillation and the determination of its chemical composition done with GC/MS. Results: Major part of samples contains at least one mycotoxin, in quantities which are beyond the safe dose. Eleven species of molds have been identified: Aspergillus spp., Penicillium citrinum, and Mucor hiemalis. Amongst the isolated species, those which can produce mycotoxins are: Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium moniliforme. Geranial (42.4%), Neral (33.5%) and Myrcene (10.8%) are major compounds found in the essential oil of C. citratus while monoterpens (60.8%), Eugenol (30.7%), Linalol (29.4%) and 1,8-Cineol (14.3%) are the major compounds found in the essential oil of O. basilicum.  Conclusion: Essential oils of C. citratus and O. basilicum are efficient against isolated toxigenic species. C. citratus being more efficient than O. basilicum.

scholarly journals Phenethyl angelate - a new ester from immortelle essential oil?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Marija Gencic ◽  
Jelena Aksic ◽  
Marko Mladenovic ◽  
Milena Zivkovic-Stosic ◽  
Niko Radulovic
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Impact Ionization ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Geometric Isomers ◽  
Minor Constituent ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Aromatic Alcohols

Esters of angelic, senecioic and tiglic acids with various saturated/ unsaturated/aromatic alcohols contribute to the aroma of many essential oils. However, mass spectrometry with electron-impact ionization sometimes fails to distinguish these regio-/geometric isomers and this was the case with the minor constituent of Helichrysum italicum (immortelle) essential oil that was tentatively identified as the ester of 2- phenyl-1-ethanol with one of the mentioned acids. Our efforts to identify this phenethyl ester were also hampered by the inconsistency or by the lack of appropriate RI data in the literature. Therefore, we prepared and fully spectrally characterized (1D- and 2DNMR, IR, MS) synthetic samples of all three isomeric esters. Subsequent GC analyses of immortelle oil samples with spiked synthetic phenethyl esters unambiguously confirmed that the compound in question was phenethyl angelate. This rare plant secondary metabolite has been previously reported only twice as a constituent of samples of natural origin. However, the outcomes of our study strongly imply that this molecule was misidentified in these earlier studies with the corresponding senecioate/tiglate. Thus, the existing libraries of RI/MS data for tiglates and angelates have to be upgraded with appropriate data for senecioates to avoid these kinds of errors in the future.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF FOUR ESSENTIAL OILS ON FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT CAUSED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. RADICIS LYCOPERSICI (FORL), A FUNGAL TELLURIC PATHOGEN OF TOMATO GROWN UNDER COVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1018-1030
Author(s):  
Doumbouya Mohamed ◽  
◽  
Kouame Koffi Gaston ◽  
Brou Kouassi Guy ◽  
NGuessan Aya Carine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Head Blight

Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Radicis-lycopersici (FORL) is a constraint to tomato cultivation in Korhogo, Côte dIvoire. To control this disease, the antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from certain plants was evaluated in comparison with that of a synthetic fungicide for use. In vitro tests were performed on the different life stages of FORL. The in vivo evaluations consisted in carrying out two modes of treatment (curative and preventive) on plants of a susceptible variety of tomato inoculated with FORL. The results showed that the essential oils significantly reduced the different life stages of F.oxysporum f. sp. Radicis-lycopersici (FORL) as did the synthetic product. Thus, the essential oil Cymbopogon citratus at concentrations of 4000 and 6000 ppm strongly inhibited in vitro the different stages of FORL. In preventive and curative treatment, the essential oils not only improved the growth parameters of tomato plants but also reduced the incidence and severity of diseases. Thus, it was found that Cymbopogon citratus (4000 ppm) in preventive treatment, and Banko plus (250 ppm) in curative treatment reduced the mortality rate of FORL up to 6.66% and improved the growth parameters and reduced the flowering time of the tomato plant.The essential oil of C. citratus could be used for biological control of F. oxysporum f. sp. Radicis lycopersici.

Processes contributing to the improvement in antifungal effect of bio-molecules extracted from Moroccan Laurus nobilis against Verticillium dahliae

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-275
Author(s):  
Abdelali Chourfi ◽  
Soumia Darai ◽  
Ghizlane Echchgadda ◽  
Tajelmolk Alaoui
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
Antifungal Effect

  This work offers comparisons between stakeholder’s labor works before and during extraction of biomolecules extracted from Laurus nobilis in Morocco. The objective of this study was to determine some paths to follow in order to have a better extract that can inhibit or minimize the development of Ver-ticilium dahliae. For essential oils, we studied the effect of harvest region, harvest period, plant part, drying temperature, pressure of distillation, distil-lation temperature and fraction of applied essential oil. For extracts with organic solvents, we compared their effect by pursuing both techniques dur-ing extraction. The first one was about using an organic solvent for total ex-traction; while the second technique concerned a fractional extraction by using some solvents and pursuing an increasing polarity. The results showed that the degree of development inhibition in plant pathogen show a signifi-cant difference. Thus, these findings will be helpful in preparing a technical draft to be followed in the extraction of biomolecules from this plant in or-der to obtain better results in getting antifungal compounds.

scholarly journals Juglans Regia and J. nigra, Two Trees Important in Traditional Medicine: A Comparison of Leaf Essential Oil Compositions and Biological Activities

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajwal Paudel ◽  
Prabodh Satyal ◽  
Noura S. Dosoky ◽  
Samjhana Maharjan ◽  
William N. Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

The essential oils from the leaves of Juglans regia, collected from Kathmandu, Nepal, and Juglans nigra from Huntsville, Alabama, USA, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 69 compounds were identified in the J. regia oil, accounting for 99.0% of the eluting components of the oil while three different samples of J. nigra were analyzed identifying a total of 99.3%, 99.4% and 99.7% of the oils. The leaf essential oil of J. regia was dominated by the aromatic compounds eugenol (27.5%) and methyl salicylate (16.2%), and the sesquiterpenes germacrene D (21.4%) and ( E)-β-farnesene (8.2%). The essential oils from three different samples of J. nigra contained ( E)-caryophyllene (17.3%–20.4%) and germacrene D (7.1%–22.5%) with smaller amounts of juglone (1.0%–8.8%), α-hydrojuglone (1.0–9.5%), and δ-cadinene (3.8%–8.7%). J. regia leaf oil, devoid of juglone, showed allelopathic activity, while J. nigra leaf oil was less phytotoxic. The presence of eugenol and methyl salicylate in the leaves of J. regia are consistent with the traditional uses of this plant to treat toothache, rheumatism, and fungal infections.

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