Evaluation of an Ayurvedic preparation-‘Ekangaveera Rasa' for possible metal toxicity: Behavioral, Biochemical and Histopathological Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 6491-6495
Author(s):  
Suhani Sumalatha ◽  
Gururaj Tantri ◽  
Jessica Shreshta ◽  
Ashwija Shetty ◽  
Vanishree S Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Group 1

Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medicinal system, is highly regarded as complementary and alternative medicine in recent years. However, there are reports to show the toxic effects of specific Ayurvedic preparations, which use metals as an ingredient in them. One such medicine is 'Ekangaveera Rasa' This herbo-minero-metallic preparation is used to treat the pain of neurological origin. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the possible alteration caused by Ekangaveera Rasa on the brain, liver, and kidneys by histological, biochemical, and behavioral analysis. For this evaluation, Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group 1- normal control; group 2, 3 and 4 were treated with Ekangaveera Rasa at doses of 120, 240 and 600 mg/kg bodyweight for 30 days. Behavioral parameters were assessed on the 15th and 30th day by using the passive avoidance test. At the end of the treatment period, blood was collected and subjected to the basophilic stripling and biochemical analysis. Tissues were processed for histopathological evaluation. The histopathological, biochemical, and behavioral analysis did not show any harmful effect, thereby rendering Ekangaveera Rasa nontoxic and further glorifying the healing benefits of Ayurveda.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Kidney Function Parameters in Diabetic Rats Following Virgin Coconut Oil Diet

Folia Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinjide M. Akinnuga ◽  
Olubayode Bamidele ◽  
Anthony J. Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Diabetes Control Group ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to disruption of kidney function parameters (KFPs) which are markers of kidney diseases, especially nephropathy. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been implicated in playing a significant role in DM management. However, its role on KFPs in DM is scarce. Aim: To evaluate the kidney function parameters following VCO diet in diabetic rats. Materials and methods: : Twenty-five (25) male rats of 150 – 200 g were divided into 5 groups (n=5): Non-diabetic control (Group 1), diabetes control (Group 2), diabetes + metformin (Group 3), diabetes + 10% VCO (Group 4) and diabetes + 20% VCO (Group 5). Apart from Group 1, other groups were given intraperitone-ally 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin to induce diabetes mellitus. After 72 hours, fasting hyperglycaemia was confirmed by glucose oxidase method. All the rats were fed normal rat chow for 8 weeks. At 8th week, serum and urine samples were analysed for biochemical analysis. After 8 weeks, Group 1 and Group 2 continued to be fed on normal rat chow while other groups were treated with diets (VCO) or drug (metformin) for 4 weeks. At 12th week, urine samples were collected for biochemical analysis, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. Results: There were significant differences in some KFPs in diabetes control (Group 2) compared to other experimental groups. However, there was no significant difference in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and serum sodium in all the groups. Conclusion: VCO supplementary diet improved the altered KFPs and could be a therapy for kidney problems.

scholarly journals The histopathological effect of diclofenac potassium on maternal and fetal tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2866-2878
Author(s):  
Abdel-Rahman Tawfik ◽  
Nouf Bader Alduweesh ◽  
Zeinab Abdel-Hameid Mohamed ◽  
Abdel Rahman Sayed Sultan ◽  
Heba Ali Abd El-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Architecture ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Group 1

Diclofenac (DCF) is one of the most generally utilized non-steroidal antiinflammatory therapies during the world for different diseases curing in post pubertal ladies. Be that as it may, constrained data is accessible with respect to its security during pregnancy and teratogenicity. The present study was done to investigate the histopathological impact of diclofenac potassium (DP) on some vital maternal and fetal tissues, placenta and liver during two different periods of gestation. In this study 30 pregnant rats have been used and divided into 3 groups (ten for each one); group 1 (control), group 2 treated with 15.4 mg/kg of diclofenac potassium during organogenesis period, and group 3 subjected during fetal developmental period with the same dosage. At the 20 gestation day the rats were anesthetized and dissected, histopathological studies on placenta, maternal liver, and fetal liver have been done. Our results revealed moderate to severe histopathological alternations in all examined tissues like disorganization of tissue architecture, vacuolation, lymphatic infiltration, apoptosis and more changes. There is a harmful effect of the DP on the placenta tissue and also the liver tissue of the fetus, and on this we recommend that you use the DP with caution during pregnancy at the possible lowest effective dose and for the shortest duration.

scholarly journals Effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Small Concentration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
White Vinegar ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Group 1

White vinegar is mildly acidic with a pH of 2-3 that has long been used as a relish and traditional medication that depends on its concentration. Yet even a small amount of white vinegar in a small concentration may cause serious poisoning. Recently, many sorts of white vinegar have been developed using fundamental sources and technologies to satisfy customer needs. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats. Thirty female rats were used, they were divided into three groups, group 1 was given distilled water as the normal control group, group 2 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (5 %)) and group 3 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (10 %)) for two weeks. PAS stain in all treated tissues showed a decrease in carbohydrate contents when compared with the control group. In conclusion, white vinegar consumption has adverse effects on carbohydrate contents in hepatic and renal tissues in rats, hence the quantity of white vinegar should be discouraged or reduced.

scholarly journals Efek Inokulasi Trypanosoma Evansi Terhadap Histopatologi Jaringan Syaraf Mencit (Mus Musculus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Epry Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

The alms of this was analized research aims to analyze the damage of nerve tissue in the brain of mice (Mus Musculus) inoculated with Trypanosoma evansi. The animal used in this research was 27 male mice. The plan used in this research was the random complete plan (RAL) with one control group and two experimental groups used nine repetitions. Control group (PO) was given aquades, P1 group was inoculated with Trypanosoma evensi 0,2x104 ml by intraperitoneal, and then P2 group was inoculated with Trypanosma evansi 0,2x104 ml by subcutan. In the fourth day after inoculated the mice were sacrificed and taken the brain organ to make histopathology blood smear. The lesi result was analyzed by using scoring Kennedy method, it showed the result, there was a change of histopathology of nerve tissue in the brain organ of mice (Mus Musculus), it was lesion meningitis 33% was in the control group, 100% was in the experimental group 1 (P1), 100% was in the experimental group 2 (P2). Perivascullar cuffing was 0% in the control group, 100% was in the experimental group 1, and 88% was in the experimental group 2. The gained data was processed by using Statistical Program For Science (SPSS) with Krusskall-Wallis Test method and then with Mann-Whitney Test method. The result showed the real differences (P≤0,01) between control group and experimental group 2.

scholarly journals Dynamics of brain CD68+ and stabilin-1+ macrophage infiltration in patients with myocardial infarction

Kardiologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4S) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
M. S. Rebenkova ◽  
A. E. Gombozhapova ◽  
Yu. V. Rogovskaya ◽  
V. V. Ryabov ◽  
Yu. G. Kzhyshkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Group 1

Te aim of the study was to evaluate the temporal dynamics of brain CD68+ and stabilin-1+ macrophage infltration in patients with fatal myocardial infarction (MI) type 1.Materials and Methods. Te study included 31 patients with fatal MI type I. Te control group comprised 10 patients of 18–40 age group who died from injuries incompatible with life. Patients with MI were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised patients who died during the frst 72 hours of MI, group 2 comprised patients who died on days 4‒28. Macrophage infltration in the brain was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. We used CD68 as a marker for the cells of the macrophage lineage and stabilin-1 as an M2-like macrophage biomarker.Results. In group 1 the number of brain CD68+ macrophages was signifcantly higher than in the control group. In group 2 the intensity of brain CD68+ cells infltration was lower than in group 1 and higher than in the control group. Tere was a small amount of stabilin-1+ macrophages in the brain of healthy people, as well as of patients who died from MI. Tere were no signifcant differences in the number of stabilin-1+ cells between group 1 and group 2. Correlation analysis revealed the presence of positive correlation between the number of CD68 + macrophages in the infarct, peri-infarct, and non-infarct areas of the myocardium and the number of CD68+ macrophages in the brain in patients with MI. Tere were not correlations between the number of CD68 + and stabilin-1+ cells and the presence of diabetes mellitus, history of stroke, history of MI, and pre-infarction angina.Conclusion. Te number of brain CD68+ macrophages signifcantly increased during the frst three days of MI. Te number of brain stabilin-1+ macrophages did not increase and did not differ from the control values. We observed a positive correlation between the number of CD68+ macrophages in the brain and myocardium.

scholarly journals Uji Potensi Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Kulit Buah Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) terhadap Kadar Kreatinin dan Ureum Tikus Secara Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

KOVALEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Joni Tandi ◽  
Heru Khairul Muttaqin ◽  
Kiki Rizki Handayani ◽  
Sri Mulyani ◽  
Recky Patala
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of bitter beans peels (Parkia speciosa Hassk)  extract on creatinine and urea levels, and the effective dose of the exctract on creatinine and urea levels. This research was a laboratory experiment using 25 rats which were divided into five treatment groups, each group consisting of 5 rats. Group 1 (normal control), group 2 (negative control) were given suspension of Na-CMC, groups 3, 4, and 5 respectively given petai rind ethanolic extract doses of 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg. The results showed that petai fruit (Parkia speciosa hassk) peels extract had an effect on creatinine and urea levels of diabetes hypercholesterolemia male rats by an effective dose of 300 mg/kg which has an effect on creatinine levels by an average of 0.38 mg/dL and ureum levels by an average of 12.9 mg/dL. Keywords: petai fruit peels extract, secondary metabolite, creatinine, ureum, Streptozotocin

Análise Histopatológica do Fígado, Estômago e Intestinos de Camundongos Submetidos ao Consumo Agudo de Etanol/Histopathological analysis of the liver, stomach and intestines of mice undergoing acute ethanol exposure

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Hugo Ribeiro Bellato ◽  
Beatriz Carvalho ◽  
Roseane de Souza Cândido Irulegui ◽  
Mariléia Chaves Andrade ◽  
Nilo Cesar do Vale Baracho
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Acute Ethanol ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

RESUMOObjetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito da administração aguda de etanol 50% sobre a histopatologia do trato gastrointestinal (TGI) através do estômago, fígado e intestinos de camundongos. Materiais e métodos: 8 animais da linhagem C57BL/6, foram divididos da seguinte maneira: O grupo 1- controle (n=4), recebeu 0,2 mL de salina fisiológica, por dia, durante 4 dias consecutivos por gavagem. O grupo 2- experimental (n=4), recebeu 0,2mL de etanol 50%(v/v), nas mesmas circunstancias e condições do grupo 1. No 5º dia os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia por deslocamento cervical. Em seguida, foi realizada uma laparotomia e foram coletados estômago, lobo esquerdo do fígado e intestinos delgado e grosso, os quais foram manipulados a fim de expor a mucosa e receberam tratamento histológico para análise. Resultados: O tratamento com etanol produziu hiperemia em alguns vasos de 25% dos fígados analisados quando comparados com o grupo controle. Da mesma forma, o referido tratamento produziu lesão ulcerada superficial com hiperemia, hemorragia e resquícios de material necrótico em 25% dos estômagos analisados, e úlcera mais profunda na parece gástrica, com infiltrado linfocitário em outros 25% dos estômagos analisados em comparação com o grupo controle. Por outro lado, o tratamento com etanol não foi capaz de produzir alterações nos intestinos delgado e grosso, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Conclusão: O consumo de etanol em caráter agudo foi capaz de causar lesão em fígado e estômagos dos animais do grupo experimental, elucidando aspectos negativos do consumo em excesso dessa substância.Palavras chave: Álcool, Fígado, Estômago, Intestinos, Histologia. ABSTRACT:Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of acute exposure of ethanol 50% on the histopathology of gastrointestinal (GI) tract through the examination of the stomach, liver and intestines of mice. Materials and Methods: 8 C57BL / 6 mice were divided as follows: Group 1-control group (n = 4) received 0.2 ml of physiological saline by gavage, everyday, for  4 days. Group 2-experimental group (n = 4) received 0.2 mL of 50% ethanol (v / v), in the same conditions of Group 1. On the 5th day the animals underwent euthanasia by cervical dislocation. Then, laparotomy was performed and the stomach, left lobe of the liver and small and large intestines were collected. These organs were manipulated in order to expose the mucosa and received treatment for histological analysis. Results: Treatment with ethanol produced hyperemia in some vessels in 25% of the livers which were analyzed when compared to the control group. Similarly, the reported treatment produced superficial ulcerated lesion with hyperemia and hemorrhage in 25% of the analyzed stomachs. Deeper ulcers were found in the gastric mucosa, with lymphocytic infiltration in another 25% of stomachs analyzed in comparison to the control group. On the other hand, the treatment with ethanol was not able to produce changes in the small and large intestines, when compared to control group. Conclusion: Acute ethanol consumption has been able to cause liver and stomach injury in the animals of the experimental group, showing some of the negative aspects of excessive consumption of this substance.Keywords: Alcohol, Liver, Stomach, Intestines, Histology.

scholarly journals Histomorphological Profile of Liver and Kidney Tissues of Albino Wistar Rats Following Exposure to Cadmium-Induced Damage and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Uche C. Okwuonu ◽  
Dayo R. Omotoso ◽  
Emmanuel O. Bienonwu ◽  
Osahenrhumwen Adagbonyin ◽  
Joseph Dappa
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Test Control ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Supplementation

Introduction: Cadmium is a common heavy metal toxicant that can cause diverse tissue toxicities and pathologies. Conversely, ascorbic acid is a natural anti-oxidant that can ameliorate cytotoxic effects of tissue toxicants.  In this study, the objective was to assess the histomorphological profile of liver and kidney tissues of albino Wistar rats after exposure to cadmium-induced damage and ascorbic acid supplementation. Subjects and Methods: 24 animals were divided into four groups (1-4) comprising of six animals each (n=6). Normal control group 1 was given distilled water, test control group 2 given 5 mg/kg Cadmium chloride and test groups 3 and 4 given 5 mg/kg Cadmium chloride + 100 mg/kg ascorbic acid and 5 mg/kg + 200 mg/kg ascorbic acid respectively. The route of the 21 days administration was oral. Thereafter, the liver and kidney of experimental animals were harvested, weighed and processed.  Results: Only the test control group 2 showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in mean organ weight compared to normal control group 1.  Similarly, only the test control group 2 animals showed significant alterations in the liver and kidney histomorphological profile compared to normal control group 1. Conclusion: The ascorbic acid exhibited prominent ameliorative effect against damaging effect of cadmium exposure leading to relative reparation of liver and kidney histomorphology in albino Wistar rats.

Antiurolithiatic effect of Cymbopogon Proximus, Alhagi Maurorum, on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in male New Zealand rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Sameh El-Nabtity
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits ◽  
Group 1

The present study aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in rabbits . Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were allocated into six equal groups (each of five): Group (1) was used as a negative control. Group(2) were administered sulfadimidine (200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection.Groups(3) and (4) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 330mg/kg of Cymbopogon proximus alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally.Groups(5) and (6) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 400mg/kg of Alhagi maurorum alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally. The period of experiment was 10 days. Blood and urine samples were collected from rabbits on the 10th day. The results recorded a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and crystalluria in Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum groups compared to sulfadimidine treated group.We conclude that Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum have a nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic effects against sulfadimidine induced crystalluria.

Dendrobium officinalis Flower Improves Learning and Reduces Memory Impairment by Mediating Antioxidant Effect and Balancing the Release of Neurotransmitters in Senescent Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Zi Li ◽  
Shan-Shan Lei ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Fu-Chen Zhou ◽  
Ye-Hui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Mao B ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Brain

Aim and Objective: The Dendrobium officinalis flower (DOF) is popular in China due to common belief in its anti-aging properties and positive effects on “nourish yin”. However, there have been relatively few confirmatory pharmacological experiments conducted to date. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether DOF has beneficial effects on learning and memory in senescent rats, and, if so, to determine its potential mechanism of effect. Materials and Methods: SD rats were administrated orally DOF at a dose of 1.38, or 0.46 g/kg once a day for 8 weeks. Two other groups included a healthy untreated control group and a senescent control group. During the 7th week, a Morris water maze test was performed to assess learning and memory. At the end of the experiment, serum and brain samples were collected to measure concentrations of antioxidant enzymes, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSH-Px) in serum, and the neurotransmitters, including γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-GABA), Glutamic (Glu), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain. Histopathology of the hippocampus was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The results suggested that treatment with DOF improved learning as measured by escape latency, total distance, and target quadrant time, and also increased levels of γ-GABA in the brain. In addition, DOF decreased the levels of MDA, Glu, and MAO-B, and improved SOD and GSHPx. Histopathological analysis showed that DOF also significantly reduced structural lesions and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus relative to untreated senescent rats. Conclusion: DOF alleviated brain aging and improved the spatial learning abilities in senescent rats, potentially by attenuating oxidative stress and thus reducing hippocampal damage and balancing the release of neurotransmitters.

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