Soil Characteristics and Fertility Indexation in Gujar Khan Area of Rawalpindi

Soil characteristics of Gujar Khan area of Rawalpindi district were evaluated through physical and chemical analysis. About 3002 soil samples were received/collected from farmers' fields of Gujar Khan during the period between 2012 and 2017 and analysed for texture, electrical conductivity (ECe), pH, organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (AP) and available potash (AK). The analysis results revealed that texture of the soils varied from sandy loam (33.5%) to loam (61.6%). The 98.6% soils had ECe values within the normal range (< 4 dS/m) and almost 74% soil had from 7.5 to 8.5 pH values with an average of 7.76. Thus there was no salinity/alkanity hazard in the area. Generally most of the soils were poor from the fertility point of view. About 96% soils were poor in both OM and AP contents, whereas, 3.0% soils have OM (>0.86%) and 3.4% satisfactory levels and AP (>7.0-14 mg/Kg). However, 62% soils has satisfactory to adequate AK status. The frequency distribution analysis indicated that 45% soils of Gujar Khan and OM content in the range of 0.4-0.6%, 57% and soil have AP in the range of 4.0-6.0 mg/Kg, while 50% and AK in the range of 81-120 mg/Kg. The soil fertility indexes in respect of OM and AP were low (1.0), whereas AK (1.7) indicating a medium fertility status of Gujar Khan soils.

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Fertility Status of Some Selected Floodplain Soils and the Management Recommendations on the Maximun Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicum Esculentum) in Kebbi State, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Biology ◽

10.9734/ajob/2021/v13i330185 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

M. A. Augie ◽

M. Audu ◽

M. A. Adegbite ◽

S. Abdulmalik

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Flood Plain ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

High Concentration ◽

Fertility Status ◽

Management Recommendations ◽

Physical And Chemical

The study was under taken to assess the fertility status of the flood plain soils of some selected local government areas of Kebbi State and recommend management practices to be provided for the maximum yield of tomatoes in Kebbi State. Soil samples were analyzed for the various physical and chemical properties following the standard procedures. The study revealed that the soils were predominantly sandy loam in texture with the mean particles composition of 715.71 gkg-1, 87.42 kg-1 and 196.87 kg-1 for sand, silt and clay, respectively. The soils contained low organic carbon of 6.0 gkg-1 and high concentration of nitrogen (0.8 gkg-1) which might be due to frequent addition of nitrogenous fertilizers on the soil. The low available phosphorus of 0.64 mgkg-1 was observed which might be due to acidity level of the soils (pH 5.6). On the basis of exchangeable bases, the soils were discovered to be low in Ca (1.51cmolkg-1), but high in Mg content (1.78 cmolkg-1). The soils contained high Na value of 0.59cmolkg-1 an indication ofsodicity hazard. The K content of 0.64 cmolkg-1 was also high in the soils of the study area. Based on the obtained values of the above parameters, the soils could be considered as medium in fertility. Based on the concentration of EC (0.55 dsm-1) ESP (6.04%) and pH 5.6, the soils could be considered to be free from salinity and sodicity at least for now, but has

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Available nutrients status in black soils of Varanasi district of eastern part of Uttar Pradesh

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v10i4.1925 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1238-1242

Author(s):

Ashish Rai ◽

Surendra Singh

Keyword(s):

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Mean Value ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

High Status ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Available N ◽

Mean Values ◽

Fertility Status

Soil fertility status of the intensively vegetables growing in black soils of Varanasi (UP), India is not available. Therefore, present study was under-taken to assess the fertility status by collecting 100 surface (0-15 cm depth) soil samples using geographical positioning system (GPS). Soil samples were analysed following standard methods. The pH of the surface soils ranged from 7.3 to 8.4 with a mean of 7.9 indicating alkaline nature of soil. The EC of the soils were normal and ranged from 0.17 to 0.48 dS m-1 with mean value of 0.30 dS m-1. The organic carbon content of the soils ranged from 3 to 9 g kg-1 with a mean of 5.8 g kg-1. The range (mean) values of available N, P and K were 106 to 291 (184), 8 to 65 (27) and 145 to 358 (229) kg ha-1, respectively. The soils were found 99% low in available N content and nutrient index rating of available P was found high. The range (mean) values of B, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn were, 0.11 to 0.53 (0.40), 0.38 to 3.04 (1.08), 0.22 to 1.96 (0.79), 2.9 to 16.40 (8.42) and 0.68 to 12.64 (3.24) mg kg-1 soil, respectively. The available sulphur of the soils ranged from 7 to 33 mg S kg-1 with mean of 15 mg S kg-1 soil. Soils were categorised in to low, medium and high status, subsequently 99 % soils were found low in available nitrogen whereas 63% soil samples were found medium in available phosphorus, and 88% were medium in available potash. 26, 48 and 26% soils were low, medium and high in S, respectively and the corresponding Figs. for B were 90, 10 and 0%. In case of cationic micronutrients, 7, 58 and 35% soils were low, medium and high in Zn and the corresponding Figs. for Available Mn were 30, 44 and 26%. Fe was found 6, 59 and 35% in low, medium and high category respectively. There was no copper deficiency found in black soils of Varanasi.

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Geostatistical Assessments for Characteristics of Soils Around Naip Dam

International Journal of Scientific Research and Management ◽

10.18535/ijsrm/v7i2.ah01 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Hüseyin Sarı

Keyword(s):

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Geostatistical Methods ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

High Calcium ◽

Chemical Soil ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Physical And Chemical

Investigation and mapping spatial variations (distance-dependent variations) in soil characteristics with the aid of geostatistical methods will bring about significant savings for labor, time and cost in agricultural practices. From this point forth, this study was conducted around Naipköy dam to determine spatial distribution of physical and chemical soil characteristics. Soil samples were taken from both sides of Tekirdağ Ganos Mountain (the side towards Naip plain and the side towards Marmora Sea). The research site was divided into 1000 x 2000 m grids and disturbed samples were taken from 0-30 cm soil profile of 24 points. Soil samples were subjected to texture, organic matter, pH, EC, calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus analyses. Analyses revealed that the sections towards Naip plain had quite high clay and silt contents because of clayey deposition over these sections. These samples also had high calcium and thusly pH values because of lime layers of these sections. Soil properties were mapped in ArcGIS/ArcMAP 10.6 software with the aid of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. The maps generated facilitated assessments made for the relationships between land use and physico-chemical soil characteristics. Statistical analyses revealed the least coefficient of variation (8.44%) for pH and the greatest coefficient of variation (73.51%) for phosphorus.

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Fertility Status of Some Lateritic Soils of Birbhum District with Special Reference to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Sulphur

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i1130655 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 118-126

Author(s):

Mamta Sahu ◽

Suchhanda Mondal ◽

C. P. Mohammed Nisab

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Salt Content ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Available N ◽

Fertility Status ◽

Birbhum District ◽

Total Soluble Salt ◽

Safe Limit ◽

Soil Fertility Status ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

A laboratory experiment was conducted to study soil fertility status of some selected soils of Birbhum district of West Bengal with one hundred soil samples collected from five blocks viz., Mayureswar, Nalhati-1, Bolpur, Md Bazar and Rajnagar. The soils of this zone are characterized by sandy loam to sandy clay loam in texture and strong to moderately acidic in reaction. Total soluble salt content (EC as dSm-1) was found to be under very low level (<1.0) indicating the safe limit for soils, where low to medium organic carbon contents, low to medium in available N, P and K content, while available Sulphur content of all the soil samples was low.

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Some selected physical and chemical attributes of a Ustalf under different tillage practices at Dutse, Jigawa State Nigeria.

10.36265/njss.2019.290109 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 62-69

Author(s):

Nabayi A. ◽

Girei A.H. ◽

Usman S. ◽

Abubakar M.S. ◽

Haruna F.D. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Exchangeable Acidity ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Lower Porosity ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Physical And Chemical

Different tillage practices are being employed by the farmers of Jigawa state, and as such, there is a need to determine its influence on some physical and chemical properties, so that farmers will base their choices on scientific facts rather than assumptions. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three tillage practices (TP) on soil properties in Federal University Dutse, Teachings and Research farm, Jigawa State. The TP adopted are conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero-tillage (ZT). Samples were collected at a depth of 0 -20 cm for the chemical and other physical properties determination, while core samplers were used for bulk density (Bd) determination. All data collected were analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant tillage effect on the parameters measured at 5% level of significance and the means were separated using Least Significance Difference (LSD). The results showed that the soil texture of the study area was sandy loam. ZT differed significantly from other TP with higher Bd value of 1.51 Mg m-3, lower porosity (42.7%), and lower moisture content (10.3). ZT also had higher organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), exchangeable acidity (0.48 cmol+ kg-1) and bases and most importantly higher CEC (7.5 cmol (+) kg-1) which differed significantly from other tillage practices and the lowest of the most parameters were found in RT. Conclusively, ZT is the best TP to be used by the farmers because of the im- proved physical and chemical parameters and been not only economically sus- tainable but also socially and environmentally friendly.

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Chemical and Biological Properties of Sandy Loam Soil in Response to Long-Term Organic–Mineral Fertilisation in a Warm-Summer Humid Continental Climate

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101610 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1610

Author(s):

Iwona Jaskulska ◽

Joanna Lemanowicz ◽

Barbara Breza-Boruta ◽

Anetta Siwik-Ziomek ◽

Maja Radziemska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Size Composition ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Organic Mineral ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

In 2019, 71 years after the establishment of a static fertiliser experiment, the chemical and biological properties of Luvisol soil with sandy-loam grain-size composition were determined. Soil samples were taken from six fertilised treatments: half-dose nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in mineral fertilisers (½ NPK); full-dose nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK); manure fertilisation + nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and liming (FYM NPK Mg Ca); manure + mineral fertilisers without magnesium and liming (FYM NPK); manure + nitrogen and phosphorus (FYM NP); manure + nitrogen and potassium (FYM NK). The soil was tested in two layers at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. Soil samples were tested for: pH in 1 M KCl (pH); electrical conductivity (EC); organic carbon content (OC); content of available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), magnesium (Mga) and sulphate sulphur (S-SO4); total number of bacteria (Bt), cellulolytic microorganisms (Bc), fungi (Ff) and actinomycetes (Ac); and alkaline phosphatase (AlP), acid phosphatase (AcP) and arylsulphatase (ArS) activity. The fertilisation that most favourably affected the chemical and biological properties of the soil was FYM NPK Mg Ca. This fertilisation increased: pH and EC; OC, Ka and Mga contents; Bt and Bc abundance; and AlP activity relative to all the methods of mineral and organic–mineral fertilisation that did not include all the ingredients of mineral fertilisers. On the other hand, the least favourable soil properties were formed by ½ NPK fertilisation in the 0–20 cm layer, and by the long-term use of mineral fertilisers only in the 20–40 cm layer.

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Assessment of soil fertility status of Agriculture Research Station, Belachapi, Dhanusha, Nepal

Journal of Maize Research and Development ◽

10.3126/jmrd.v2i1.16214 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 43-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dinesh Khadka ◽

Sushil Lamichhane ◽

Shahabuddin Khan ◽

Sushila Joshi ◽

Buddhi Bahadur Pant

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Research Strategy ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Sampling ◽

Future Research ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Research Station ◽

Fertility Status ◽

Soil Fertility Status

Soil test-based fertility management is important for sustainable soil management. This study was carried out to determine the soil fertility status of the Agriculture Research Station, Belachapi, Dhanusha, Nepal. Using soil sampling auger 25 soil samples were collected randomly from a depth of 0-20 cm. Soil sampling points were identified using GPS device. Following standard methods adopted by Soil Science Division laboratory, Khumaltar, the collected soil samples were analyzed to find out their texture, pH, N, P2O5, K2O, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and organic matter status. The soil fertility status maps were made using Arc-GIS 10.1 software. The observed data revealed that soil was grayish brown in colour and sub-angular blocky in structure. The sand, silt and clay content were 36.03±3.66%, 50.32±2.52% and 25.42±2.25%, respectively and categorized as eight different classes of texture. The soil was acidic in pH (5.61±0.14). The available sulphur (0.73±0.09 ppm) status was very low, whereas organic matter (1.34±0.07%), available boron (0.56±0.10 ppm), available zinc (0.54±0.22 ppm) and available copper (0.30±0.01 ppm) were low in status. The extractable potassium (95.52±13.37 ppm) and extractable calcium (1264.8±92.80ppm) exhibited medium in status. In addition, available phosphorus (33.25±6.97 ppm), available magnesium (223.20±23.65 ppm) and available manganese (20.50±2.43 ppm) were high in status. Furthermore, available iron (55.80±8.89 ppm) status was very high. To improve the potentiality of crops (maize, rice, wheat etc.) for studied area, future research strategy should be made based on its soil fertility status.

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Characterization and Classification of The Soils of Bukuru-Jos, North Central Nigeria

10.36265/njss.2020.290210 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 74-86

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Clay Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Taxonomy ◽

Total N ◽

Reference Base ◽

World Reference Base

Twelve profile pits were sunk, four in each of the three locations of Bukuru, the study area. Proper soil profile description was done and recorded to obtain field characterization data after which thirty-six soil samples were collected from all the genetic horizons for soil characterization. Bukuru soils showed higher sand fraction (71%) than silt (12%) and clay (17%) at the topsoil but showed increased clay content at the subsoil. While Gyel and Fwarti locations soils were sandy loam, Rabi location soil was sandy clay loam. Soil pH, Organic carbon (Org. C), Total Nitrogen (Total N), and Available phosphorus (Avail. P) were 6.2, 6.3 gkg- 1, 1.9 gkg-1 and 4.82 mgkg-1respectively and were graded low. Exchangeable bases were dominated by Ca2+ and Mg2+. Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Cal- cium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) were 0.24 cmolkg-1, 0.06 cmolkg-1, 15.7 cmolkg-1 and 2.60 cmolkg-1 respectively. While Na+ and K+ were graded low, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were graded high. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) was 18.82 cmolkg-1, and was graded high. All the soil samples analysed showed high per- centage base saturation (PBS), above 90%. The low values of Org. C, Total N, Na and K and the characteristic sandiness of Bukuru soils in the surface horizon indicated the low fertility status of Bukuru soils. Bukuru soils were classified using the Keys to Soil taxonomy of the USDA as “Typic isothermic kandic us- talfs”. This was correlated to “Lixisols” in the World Reference Base (WRB) of FAO at a higher level and "Rhodic/Chromic" as a principal qualifier. .

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Assessment of Degradation Status of Soils in Selected Areas of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.59.17 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 17-25

Author(s):

Esther Abosede Ewetola ◽

Folasade Mary Owoade ◽

Olayinka Olakunle Olatunji

Keyword(s):

Crop Residues ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Surface Sampling ◽

Study Sites ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The assessment of degradation status of soils in selected areas of Ogbomoso, Oyo state wascarried out. The soil physical and chemical properties were evaluated using mini pits and surface sampling. The laboratory results obtained were compared with the standard indicators and criteria for land degradation assessment according to FAO, 1979. The results revealed that most of the cultivated parts of the study sites were very highly degraded compared to the soil under vegetative fallow which were moderately degraded. The textural class of the soil ranged from loamy sand to sandy loam. Saturated hydraulic conductivity ranged from 1.54 to 3.4 cm hr-1 corresponding low to moderate permeability. Bulk density ranged from 1.53 to 1.60 g cm-3. Organic matter was very low in all the study sites. Available phosphorus was low in all the locations. Total nitrogen was predominantly low in most of the cultivated and fallow soils. Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) of the sites depicted that most of the soils were slightly sodic. Summarily, the soil physical and chemical properties status when compared with the FAO standard show that the area either cultivated or fallow is under degradation. In order to optimize crop production in these areas, there may be need to introduce soil conservation strategies. The practice may include use of crop residues, green manure or poultry manure to boost soil fertility. Also regular monitoring of the fertility status of the soils is required.

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Soil characteristics of a hyperseasonal cerrado compared to a seasonal cerrado and a floodplain grassland: implications for plant community structure

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842006000400010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 66 (2b) ◽

pp. 661-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P. K. Amorim ◽

M. A. Batalha

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Cerrado Vegetation ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Ph Values ◽

Calcium Magnesium

Savannas may be divided according to their seasonality into semi-seasonal, seasonal, hyperseasonal, or marshy savannas. Hyperseasonal savannas are characterized by the alternation of two contrasting stresses during each annual cycle, one induced by drought and fire and the other, by waterlogging. In South America, the largest savanna region is the Brazilian cerrado, in which there are few hyperseasonal areas that become waterlogged in the rainy season. The cerrado soils are generally well drained, but in central Brazil there is a small cerrado area in which the soil is poorly drained and which becomes waterlogged in the middle of the rainy season, allowing the appearance of a hyperseasonal cerrado. As long as soil is important in the ecology of the cerrado vegetation, we asked whether the waterlogging in this hyperseasonal cerrado implied that there were differences in soil characteristics in relation to a seasonal cerrado, which is not waterlogged in the rainy season, and to a floodplain grassland, which remains waterlogged throughout the year. In each environment, we randomly selected ten points, in which we collected soil samples in the mid-rainy season for chemical and granulometric analyses. For all variables, we found significant differences among the three environments, at least at one of the depths. Nevertheless, when we took into account all the variables together, we observed that the soils under the hyperseasonal and seasonal cerrados were similar and both were different to the soil under the floodplain grassland. The soil under the floodplain grassland was related to larger amounts of clay, silt, organic matter, phosphorus, aluminium, aluminium saturation, cation exchange capacity, and sum of bases, whereas soils under hyperseasonal and seasonal cerrados were related to higher pH values, base saturation, calcium, magnesium, and sand. As long as the soil under both cerrados was chemically and physically similar, the duration of waterlogging in the hyperseasonal cerrado is not long enough to alter its soil characteristics. Limitations to the plants growing on the hyperseasonal cerrado soil must be a consequence of the direct effects of flooding. Since cerrado plant species are dryland ones, the hypoxia caused by waterlogging may limit the number of cerrado species able to withstand these conditions.

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