scholarly journals Overview of epidemiology and management of rickets among children in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan Hassan Abdullah Hashim ◽  
◽  
Norah Ayed Ayash Alenezi ◽  
Osamah Zeid Aldakkan ◽  
Malak Ayed Tinan Alenezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Phosphate Homeostasis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Breast Fed

Rickets is a common bone disease worldwide that is associated with disturbances in calcium and phosphate homeostasis and can lead to short stature and joint deformities. The study aimed to summarize the updated evidence as regards: Epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and management. Rickets can be diagnosed based on history and physical examination, radiological features, and biochemical tests. The acquired rickets (nutritional) is the most common cause of rickets among children in Saudi Arabia which is due to vitamin D deficiency. Risk factors include, exclusively breast fed, immigrant adults in industrialized countries, decreased exposure to sunlight, use of sunscreen, old age of the housebound, morbid obesity and certain medications. Treatment strategies of rickets depend on the underlying etiology. There are several regimens utilized to treat rickets, all of them comprise some form of vitamin D administration and presence of adequate calcium and phosphate levels.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in Women from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora A. AlFaris ◽  
Nora M. AlKehayez ◽  
Fatema I. AlMushawah ◽  
AbdulRhman N. AlNaeem ◽  
Nadia D. AlAmri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is an epidemic public health problem worldwide. It is common in the Middle East and is more severe in women. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors in women living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 166 women aged 30–65 years. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status characteristics, as well as intake of selected dietary supplements, were collected. Weight and height were measured. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was reported in 60.2% of participants. Mean of serum 25(OH)D was 20.7 ng/mL. Older age and taking the supplements of vitamin D, multi-vitamins or calcium were identified as factors that associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D. A national strategy is needed to control a hypovitaminosis D crisis in Saudi Arabia. This could be accomplished by raising public awareness regarding vitamin D, regulating and enhancing vitamin D fortification and supplementation and screening vitamin D status among women at high risk.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1179562X1876788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyadh A Alzaheb
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Vitamin D deficiency is currently a worldwide epidemic. Middle Eastern countries, including Saudi Arabia, have high vitamin D deficiency prevalence, most prominently among women, despite their plentiful year-round sunshine. Previous research investigating vitamin D status among Saudi women of reproductive age (15-49 years) is scarce, and no study has used a nationally representative sample, so this review quantified overall hypovitaminosis D prevalence among women in Saudi Arabia and explored the associated risk factors. The Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline databases were searched for prior studies in Saudi Arabia exploring vitamin D status among women of reproductive age, published between January 1, 2000 and May 25, 2017. Data were extracted from the identified studies, and a random effects model meta-analysis established the overall hypovitaminosis D prevalence. The initial search yielded 223 possibly relevant articles; 13 were confirmed as eligible, with samples totaling 2877 women aged between 15 and 49 years. Meta-analysis revealed a mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, level of 13.1 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.6-14.6) and an overall prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, defined as 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL, of 77.4% (95% CI: 63.2-87.3), mostly due to insufficient sunlight exposure and low dietary vitamin D intake. There is therefore a need for a national strategy to raise vitamin D levels among women in Saudi Arabia by advising them on natural vitamin D sources, and recommending the timing and duration of sun exposure, while also defining a national approach to vitamin D fortification and supplementation.

scholarly journals Bone Deformity due to Rickets and Osteomalacia in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Awadh Saeed Alqahtani ◽  
Hayazi Mohammed Alshehri ◽  
Nazim Faisal Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Hassan Alatawi ◽  
Wurud Muteb D. Alshammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Phosphate Homeostasis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pathological Fractures ◽  
Bone Deformity ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Defective Bone

Rickets is a worldwide bone disease that is associated with disorders of calcium and phosphate homeostasis and can lead to short stature and joint deformities. Osteomalacia is a major metabolic bone disease that results from a chronic and severe deficiency of vitamin D or phosphate from any cause after growth has stopped. A deficiency of vitamin D or phosphate leads to defective bone mineralization and generalized or localized vague bone pain in various parts of the skeleton and / or proximal muscle weakness. Rickets and osteomalacia are two different clinical diseases with impaired bone mineralization. Rickets occurs throughout the growing skeleton in infants and children, while osteomalacia occurs in adults after fusion of the growth plates. Rickets and osteomalacia are increasingly common in Saudi Arabia, with vitamin D deficiency being the most common etiological cause. Early skeletal deformities can occur in infants, such as soft, thin skull bones, a condition known as craniotabes. In adults, as a result of demineralization, the bones become less rigid (soft bone) with pathological fractures. The diagnosis of both diseases is based on the medical history and physical examination, radiological characteristics, and biochemical tests. Management depends on the underlying etiology.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF RISK FACTORS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG FEMALES AGED 35 YEARS AND ABOVE IN SAUDI ARABIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1120-1126
Author(s):  
Manal Abdulaziz Murad ◽  
◽  
Ashraf A. Amir ◽  
Hoda Jehad Abousada ◽  
Hussam Mahmoud Baeissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Contribution

Osteoporosis is a common public health challenge globally but the relative contribution of variousrisk factors for osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia is not well established. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of risk factors for osteoporosis among females aged 35 years and above in Saudi Arabia. We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of 2070 and determined the prevalence of risk factors as percentages of the total sample size. We foundthat vitamin D deficiency is the major modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia followed by cigarette smoking. Autoimmune and endocrine diseases were also not uncommon. Our results therefore suggest for the strengthening of measures to prevent vitamin D deficiency, reduce corticosteroid-related osteoporosis and curb cigarette smoking.

Vitamin D is associated with the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in Brazilian children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Cupertino Milagres ◽  
Mariana De Santis Filgueiras ◽  
Naruna Pereira Rocha ◽  
Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol ◽  
Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Hypertriglyceridemic Waist ◽  
Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype

Abstract Background Prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors is increasing and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has become a worldwide public health problem, even in tropical countries. Therefore, we identified the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HWP) and evaluate its relationship with vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. Methods A cross-sectional study with 378 children aged 8 and 9 enrolled in all urban schools in the city of Viçosa, MG, Brazil. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), biochemical tests and clinical evaluation were performed. Poisson regression was used to analyze the association between vitamin D and HWP. Results Prevalence of HWP was 16.4%. This prevalence was higher among children with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency and in those with a greater number of other cardiometabolic risk factors. Multiple regression analysis showed that children with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency had, respectively, prevalence 85% (95% CI: 1.03–3.30) and 121% (95% CI: 1.11–4.45) higher of HWP than the vitamin D sufficiency group. Conclusion Vitamin D insuffiency and deficiency were associated with a higher prevalence of HWP among children, regardless of the presence of other cardiometabolic risk factors, indicating an additional risk of inadequate vitamin D status to cardiometabolic health in childhood.

scholarly journals Directly measured free and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in relation to metabolic health in multi-ethnic postmenopausal females in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatha Alharazy ◽  
M Denise Robertson ◽  
Susan Lanhman-New ◽  
Muhammad Imran Naseer ◽  
Adeel G. Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Free Vitamin D

Background: Measurement of free 25-hydroyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status has been suggested as a more representative marker of vitamin D status than that of total 25(OH)D. Previously, free 25(OH)D could only be calculated indirectly; however, a newly developed direct assay for the measurement of free 25(OH)D is now available. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate directly measured total and free vitamin D levels association with metabolic health in postmenopausal healthy women living in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A sample of 302 postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 years (n=302) living in Saudi Arabia were recruited in a cross-section study design. Blood samples were collected from subjects for measurement of serum levels of total 25(OH)D, directly measured free 25(OH)D, metabolic bone parameters, lipid profile, and other biochemical tests. Results: A positive correlation was found between directly measured free and total 25(OH)D (r=0.64, P<0.0001). Total, but not free 25(OH)D showed significant association with serum intact parathyroid hormone (P=0.004); whilst free 25(OH)D but not total 25(OH)D showed a significant association with total cholesterol and LDL-C (P=0.032 and P=0.045; respectively). Conclusions: Free 25(OH)D and total 25 (OH)D were found to be consistently correlated; but with different associations to metabolic health parameters. Further research is needed to determine which marker of vitamin D status would be the most appropriate in population studies.

scholarly journals Hypertension and diabetic retinopathy: a simple association?

2013 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Michele Dalla Vestra ◽  
Natalino Simioni ◽  
Giovanni Maurizio Patrassi ◽  
Paola Fioretto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Antihypertensive Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms

BACKGROUND Diabetes is known to be a major contributor to blindness in industrialized countries in adults. In addition to glycemic control, arterial hypertension is emerging as important factor in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. AIM OF THE STUDY This review describes the epidemiologic studies that explored the relationships between hypertension and diabetic retinopathy and the potential pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this association. Finally the effects of antihypertensive treatment in primary and secondary prevention of diabetic retinopathy are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms and risk factors is crucial to establish effective preventive and treatment strategies.

Risk factors for vitamin d deficiency in breast-fed newborns and their mothers

Nutrition ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesibe Andıran ◽  
Nurşen Yordam ◽  
Alev Özön
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Breast Fed

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Disorder in Adolescent Residing in Al-dawadmi and Shaqra Regions of Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ghaith Saleh Suliman Alabdullatif ◽  
Hallal Badi Hallal Alotaibi ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Deshwali ◽  
Mohammad Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The recent study was aimed to estimate the prevalence and develop the relationship of the clinical history like diabetes, cardiac disease and vitamin D deficiency and obesity and their impact on metabolic disorders for adolescent residing near Dawadmi and Shaqra region. Two hundred samples (142 Females & 58 Males) were utilized in the study with an age ranging 13-20 and distributed the questionnaire to record the responses. The results exhibited that 38% subjects responded positively for clinical history with cardiac disease, while 70.5 and 47% responded positively for the clinical history with diabetes and vitamin D deficiency. The clinical history with diabetes, cardiac disease and vitamin D deficiency was observed the major risk factors acting in descending order diabetes-cardiac disease-vitamin D deficiency. 

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