scholarly journals Pregnancy’s Relationship With Diabetes and Induced Hypertension: A Mini-Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ishita Saha ◽  
Mahashweta Das
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Normal Woman ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Triceps Skinfold Thickness

It is pointed out in many articles that induced hypertension and gestational diabetes are well linked to pregnancy, but this relationship is not well determined. The report focuses on the pregnancy’s relationship with diabetes and induced hypertension. It is found herein that mean pregnancy is directly related with glucose levels (GLUC) (P=0.07), age (P<0.01), BMI (P=0.07), Diabetic Women (DW) status (P=0.01), interaction effect of Triceps SkinFold Thickness (TSFT) and age (TSFT × Age) (P<0.01), while it is inversely related with GLUC × Age (P=0.02), TSFT × BMI (P<0.01), Insulin (INSU) (P=0.06) and Diabetes Pedigree Function (DPDF) (P=0.03). Variance of pregnancy is directly related with GLUC (P=0.07), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (P=0.04), GLUC × TSFT (P<0.01), DBP × TSFT (P<0.01), DPDF (P=0.01), INSU × BMI (P=0.15), while it is inversely related with GLUC × DBP (P=0.01), TSFT (P<0.01), TSFT × DPDF (P=0.03), INSU (P=0.07). It is easily interpreted that pregnancy’s mean is well connected to diabetic parameters such as INSU and GLUC levels, history of DW, DPDF, BMI, GLUC × Age, while its variance is connected to diabetic and hypertension parameters such as GLUC, DPDF, DBP, GLUC × TSFT, DBP × TSFT, INSU × BMI, GLUC × DBP, TSFT × DPDF, INSU. Moreover, it is derived that a diabetic female has a higher chance to be pregnant than a normal woman.

scholarly journals Associations between diet quality, blood pressure, and glucose levels among pregnant women in the Asian megacity of Jakarta

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242150
Author(s):  
Deviana A. S. Siregar ◽  
Davrina Rianda ◽  
Rima Irwinda ◽  
Annisa Dwi Utami ◽  
Hanifa Hanifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
History Of

Background The prevalence of gestational hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy is increasing worldwide. Diet is a modifiable factor that may influence these conditions, but few studies have examined the association between diet quality and blood pressure and glucose profiles among pregnant women. Data are especially scarce for women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 90% of global pregnancies occur, and in urban settings. We, therefore, assessed these associations among 174 pregnant women in the Asian megacity of Jakarta in a cross-sectional study of the Brain Probiotic and LC-PUFA Intervention for Optimum Early Life (BRAVE) project. Methods Trained field-enumerators collected socio-demographic characteristics, measured Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), and assessed diet by two 24-hour recalls, which were used to calculate the Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P). Blood pressure was measured by automated sphygmomanometer, and fasting blood glucose by capillary glucometer. General linear models were used to identify associations. Results The median AHEI-P score was 47.4 (IQR 19.1–76.6). The middle tertile of the AHEI-P score (39.59–56.58) was associated with a 0.4 SD (standardized effect size, 95% CI -0.7 to -0.06; p = 0.02) lower diastolic blood pressure compared with the lowest tertile (<39.59), after adjustment for level of education, smoking status, MUAC, gestational age, history of hypertension, and family history of hypertension. However, no associations were found between the AHEI-P score and systolic blood pressure and blood glucose. Conclusion Higher diet quality was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure among pregnant women in an urban LMIC community, but not with systolic blood pressure and blood glucose. A behavioral change intervention trial would be warranted to confirm the influence of diet quality on blood pressure and glucose levels and among pregnant women, and even before pregnancy.

Abstract P355: Predicting the 20-year Risk of First Coronary or Ischemic Stroke Event in Northern Italy: The CAMUNI Absolute Risk Equation

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Veronesi ◽  
Lloyd E Chambless ◽  
Francesco Gianfagna ◽  
Giuseppe Mancia ◽  
Giancarlo Cesana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
History Of

Aims. Recent US guidelines advocate the introduction of lifetime or long-term absolute risk prediction for primary prevention of cardiovascular events, especially for young people and women. Therefore, long-term prediction models might be specially beneficial in population considered at low incidence. We aim to develop a 20-year absolute risk prediction equation in a Northern Italy population. Methods. Four independent population-based cohorts were enrolled between 1986 and 1994 from the Brianza population (Northern Italy), adopting standardized MONICA procedures. The study sample comprises n=2574 men and 2673 women, aged 35 to 69 years and free of CVD at baseline. Participants were followed-up for incidence of first coronary and ischemic stroke events (fatal and non-fatal; all MONICA validated) for a median time of 15 years (IQ range: 12-20) and up to the end of 2008. We compared several gender-specific Cox Proportional Hazards models: the basic one includes age, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive treatment, cigarette smoking and diabetes. Candidates to model addition were diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, BMI, family history of CHD, and education. Model calibration was tested using the Grønnesby-Bogan goodness-of-fit statistic. The Area Under the ROC-Curve (AUC) was a measure of discrimination, corrected for over-optimism via bootstrapping. Changes in discrimination (Δ-AUC) and reclassification (Net Reclassification Improvement, NRI) defined the improvement from the basic model due to an additional risk factor. Intermediate risk was defined as 20-year risk between 10% and 40%. Results. We observed n=286 events in men (incidence rate 7.7 per 1000 person-years) and n=108 in women (2.6 per 1000 person-years). All risk factors included in the basic model were predictive of first cardiovascular event in both genders; discrimination was 0.725 and 0.802 in men and women, respectively. Average specificity in the top risk quintile (cut-off value: 23% in men and 8.5% in women) was similar in men and women (85% vs. 83%), while sensitivity was higher in women (63% vs. 46%). All the models were well-calibrated (p-values >0.05). The addition of a positive family history of CHD in men (Hazard Ratio: 1.6; 95%CI 1.2-2.1) and of diastolic blood pressure in women (HR: 1.4 for 11 mmHg increase; 1.1-1.8) significantly improved discrimination (Δ-AUC=0.01; 95%CI 0.002-0.02 [men] and Δ-AUC=0.005; 95%CI 0.0001-0.01 [women]) and reclassification of subjects at intermediate risk (NRI=8.4%;1.7%-19.1% [men]; and NRI=11.7%; -3.2%-33.5% [women]). Conclusions. Traditional risk factors are predictive of cardiovascular events after 20 years, with good discrimination. The addition of family history of CHD may contribute to model improvement, at least among men; the role of diastolic blood pressure in women should be carefully evaluated.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN MODEL REGRESI COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MENGGUNAKAN METODE BRESLOW DAN EFRON (Studi Kasus: Penderita Stroke di RSUD Tugurejo Kota Semarang)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Eri Setiani ◽  
Sudarno Sudarno ◽  
Rukun Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Regression ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Sugar Levels

Cox proportional hazard regression is a regression model that is often used in survival analysis. Survival analysis is phrase used to describe analysis of data in the form of times from a well-defined time origin until occurrence of some particular even or end-point. In analysis survival sometimes ties are found, namely there are two or more individual that have together event. This study aims to apply Cox model on ties event using two methods, Breslow and Efron and determine factors that affect survival of stroke patients in Tugurejo Hospital Semarang. Dependent variable in this study is length of stay, then independent variables are gender, age, type of stroke, history of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and BMI. The two methods give different result, Breslow has four significant variables there are type of stroke, history of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, while Efron contains five significant variables such as type of stroke, history of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and blood sugar levels. From the smallest AIC criteria obtained the best Cox proportional hazard regression model is Efron method. Keywords: Stroke, Cox Proportional Hazard Regression model, Breslow method, Efron method.

scholarly journals A pilot study investigating the relationship between heart rate variability and blood pressure in young adults at risk for cardiovascular disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda P. Bolin ◽  
Amelia D. Saul ◽  
Lauren L. Bethune Scroggs ◽  
Carolyn Horne
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Family History ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Paced Breathing ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death globally with hypertension being a primary cause of premature death from this disease process. Individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease and hypertension are at a greater risk for developing the same sequela. Autonomic cardiac control is important in the level of cardiac function. One intervention that is effective in improving cardiovascular function is heart rate variability biofeedback training. The purpose of our study was to determine the effectiveness of heart rate biofeedback training on HRV and blood pressure in individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease. Methods Thirty-four participants (76.5% female, 22.7 ± 4.3 years) completed a baseline assessment and training using an established short-term HRV protocol followed by two weeks of at-home paced breathing employing a smartphone application. The participants were then reassessed in a biofeedback clinic. Results The participants physiological measures showed a significant increase in means between pre and post intervention of SDNN (t (32) = 2.177, p =.037) and TP, (t (32) = 2.327 p = .026). Correlation noted a medium effect on diastolic blood pressure and high frequency heart rate variability, F, r = .41, n =33, p < .05. A multiple regression with all predictor variables in the model found no significance with diastolic and systolic blood pressure. Conclusions The findings from this pilot study demonstrated that a two-week paced breathing intervention may assist in reducing heart rate and diastolic blood pressure while improving heart rate variability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of blood pressure in school children aged 12-16 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Nadesan ◽  
Mani Madhavan Sachithananthamoorthi ◽  
Sivaraman Thirumalaikumarasamy ◽  
Ezhilarasu Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
School Children ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Background: Hypertension is considered as a major health issue in developed as well as developing countries and its possible origin during childhood prompts pediatricians to routinely include measurement of blood pressure (BP) as an integral part of pediatric physical examination. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the normal range of blood pressure in adolescent school going students of 12-16 years, prevalence of hypertension and relationship of BP with variables like age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status and family history of hypertension.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken for a period of one year in adolescent school children in age groups between 12-16 years. Detailed clinical examination was done in 1060 adolescent school children and BP was recorded in right upper limb and correlation of BP with BMI, family history of hypertension and diabetes were studied.Results: Mean systolic and diastolic pressure showed linear relationship with age. There was a highly statistically significant difference between mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure between lower and middle socio-economic class. Prevalence of obesity in our study was 1.13%, overweight was 7.83%. Prevalence of hypertension in obese children was 33.33% and in overweight children 18.07%. Family history of hypertension and diabetes carry a significant correlation with elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adolescents.Conclusions: This study revealed that socio economic factors play a significant role in determining the blood pressure of the individual. Children of middle class have significantly elevated mean systolic pressure and mean diastolic pressure than low socio-economic groups. 

scholarly journals Waist circumference, body mass index, and skinfold thickness as potential risk factors for high blood pressure in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Roslina Dewi ◽  
Rafita Ramayati ◽  
Nelly Rosdiana ◽  
Oke Rina Ramayani ◽  
Rosmayanti Siregar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background The prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents has increased with the rising obesity epidemic. Recent studies have found that prevalence of hypertension was higher in obese children or adolescents than in the normal weight ones. Anthropometric measurements such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and skinfold thickness have been used as criteria to determine obesity in children and adolescents. Increased waist circumference has been most closely related to increased blood pressure. Objective To compare waist circumference, BMI, and skinfold thickness as potential risk factors for hypertension in adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2014 in three senior high schools in Medan, North Sumatera, and included 253 students with normal urinalysis test. All subjects underwent blood pressure, waist circumference, tricep- and subscapular-skinfold thickness (TST and SST), body weight, and body height measurements. The study population was categorized into underweight, normoweight, overweight, and obese, according to four different criteria: waist circumference, BMI, TST, and SST; all variables were analyzed for possible correlations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Results There were significant positive correlations between systolic blood pressure and waist circumference (OR 7.933; 95%CI 2.20 to 28.65; P=0.011) as well as BMI (OR 4.137; 95%CI 1.16 to 14.75; P=0.041). There were also significant correlations between diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference (OR 3.17; 95%CI 1.83 to 5.51; P=0.002), BMI (P=0.0001; OR=3.69), TST (OR 4.73; 95%CI 2.31 to 9.69; P=0.0001), and SST (OR 3.74; 95%CI 2.35 to 5.94; P=0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that waist circumference was a predictive factor for systolic blood pressure (OR 9.667), but not for diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion Waist circumference is the strongest, significant, predictive factor for elevated systolic blood pressure; meanwhile BMI, SST, and TST could be predictive factors for elevated diastolic blood pressure. 

scholarly journals Blood Pressure and Its Association with Gender, Body Mass Index, Smoking, and Family History among University Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein H. Alhawari ◽  
Sameeha Al-Shelleh ◽  
Hussam H. Alhawari ◽  
Aseel Al-Saudi ◽  
Dina Aljbour Al-Majali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
University Students ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Hypertension is one of the major risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we will assess the frequency of hypertension among healthy university students and its association with gender, body mass index, smoking, and family history of both hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. We screened healthy university students ranging from 18 to 26 years of age. For each participant, we performed blood pressure measurements using a previously validated device and obtained demographic data, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and family history of both hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Out of the total number of 505 participants included in this study, 35.2% have blood pressure between 130/80 and 139/89, and 13.5% have blood pressure of more than 140/90. We found significant gender differences in both systolic pressure (p = 0.003) with mean difference = 18.08 mmHg (CI: 16.13 to 19.9) and diastolic pressure (p = 0.011) with mean difference = 3.6 mmHg (CI: 2.06 to 5.14), higher in males than in females. Upon comparing the mean difference in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure with BMI, we found significant differences in both systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p = 0.002) blood pressure. We also found that smokers have significantly (p = 0.025) higher systolic blood pressure (mean difference = 4.2 mmHg, CI: 3.2 mmHg to 8.8 mmHg), but no significant difference for diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.386), compared to nonsmokers. First-degree family history of both hypertension and cardiovascular diseases affected systolic but not diastolic blood pressure. Taking into account the adverse short- and long-term effect of hypertension, we recommend adopting an awareness program highlighting the importance of screening blood pressure in young adolescent populations, keeping in mind that both high BMI and smoking are important modifiable factors.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Body Mass Index on Gestational Diabetes Pima Indian Heritage Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Triceps Skin Fold ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Normal Women

Body mass index (BMI) acts as a casual factor for developing many diseases such as cardiovascular, breast cancer, heart, diabetes etc. The article presents the impacts of BMI on gestational diabetes Pima Indian heritage women with at least 21 years old. It is established here that mean BMI is larger for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women (P=0.0007) than normal. Mean BMI is directly linked with triceps skin fold thickness (TSFT) (P<0.0001), and it is not related with age (P=0.5185), while it is inversely linked with their joint interaction effect TSFT*Age (P=0.0023). In addition, mean BMI is partially inversely linked with insulin (P=0.1813), and it is partially directly linked with diabetes pedigree function (PDF) (P=0.1601). Variance of BMI is larger for normal women (P<0.0001) than GDM women. It is inversely linked with glucose (P<0.0001), and it is not associated with the number of pregnancies (NOP) (P=0.5494), while it is directly linked with their joint interaction effect Glucose*NOP (P=0.0434). Mean and variance of BMI show many complex impacts on GDM women. Gestational women must care on BMI along with TSFT and glucose levels.

ASPIRIN AND THE KIDNEY IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Monreal ◽  
E Lafoz ◽  
M Foz ◽  
J Monasterio
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Aspirin Therapy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
History Of

The acceptance of aspirin therapy for prevention of cerebral ischemia is based onpositive results of several large clinicaltrials, and the usual dose is 1000-1500 mg/day. Several recent reports emphasize the adverse effects of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory agents on renal function. We examined wether two extreme doses of aspirin (60 mg vs 1200 mg/day) could alter renal function in patients recently admitted to hospital with cerebral ischemia. We studied 33 patients with cerebralischemia and no history of ingestion of aspirin nor other drugs two weeks prior to admission. During the first 5 days all patients received a 50 mEq sodium diet and no drugs, while during the second 5 days (trial) the patients were randomly assigned (double blind) to placebo, aspirin 20 mg or aspirin 400 mg, 3 times daily, with meals.Overall, body weight increased by 650 gin patients taking 1400 mg/day of aspirin (p≺0,01), but not in patients taking 60 mg/day. Also increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not reach significant differences. While waiting morereports, aspirin at doses near 1000 mg should be administered cautiously in sodium restricted patients with cerebral ischemia.Acute water retention may be specially troublesome.

Attenuation of Electroconvulsive Therapy Induced Hypertension with Sublingual Nifedipine

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Wells ◽  
G. G. Davies ◽  
F. Rosewarne
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Sublingual Nifedipine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Significant Attenuation

Five patients known to be previously hypertensive but not currently receiving anti-hypertensive medications were studied for a total of twenty-six administrations of electroconvulsive therapy Patients randomly received sublingual nifedipine 10 mg, 20 minutes prior to half of their treatments, and for the remaining treatments acted as their own controls. The use of nifedipine resulted in significant attenuation of the blood pressure response to therapy. Systolic pressure increase was 24 mmHg (SD 14) versus 62 mmHg (SD 24) (P< 0.01). There was no difference in heart rate between the two groups. It is concluded that nifedipine reduces the pressor response to electroconvulsive therapy in individuals with a history of hypertension.

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