Prospect of forestry in poverty alleviation in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 024-030
Author(s):  
T. O. Ibrahim ◽  
A. O. Ogunsiji ◽  
O. I. Bolanle-Ojo ◽  
A. A. Jayeola
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Future Effect

The subject of poverty alleviation cannot be over emphasized, this is because its incidence is rampant worldwide and most importantly in the developing countries such as Nigeria. A significant number of the populace, both in the rural and urban centers of the country is affected by poverty. Different scholars have defined poverty and a simple, succinct and encompassing definition is that it is a condition where an individual is not able to adequately cater for his/her basic needs or lacks minimum standard of living. There are many causes of poverty and they all have immediate and future effect on the group of people affected. Many attempts have been made to lessen poverty in Nigeria by successive administration but failed due to one reason or the other. Nigeria has been described by many people as a blessed country and “a land flowing with milk and honey”, this is because of the natural resources that the country has among which Forest is. Forests consist of trees, shrubs and diverse animals living in them. Careful and sustainable management of these natural and artificial forests has hope of drastically reducing poverty to the barest minimum in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Financial and Non-Financial Aspects of Entrepreneurship - the Polish Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
Karolina PalimĄka
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitudes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Positive Motivation ◽  
Starting A Business ◽  
New View

Abstract The phenomenon of entrepreneurship has various perspectives – economic, financial, social, and psychological. The aim of this paper is to present entrepreneurship from a perspective merging both financial and non-financial aspects of this phenomenon. The article presents two (complementary) aspects related to the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. One of the aspects described by author is the availability of financing for businesses in Poland (showing the issue in response to the most important obstacle to running a business), the other is shaping entrepreneurial attitudes. The section on sources of financing give an answer to the question of whether (and if so - to what extent) the problem of access to financing is a real barrier to starting a business in Poland. Presenting the perspective of students gives a new view on the subject and enables us to recognize factors that determine the decision to start a business among young people, knowledge of which may contribute to a change in attitudes towards setting up a business in Poland. Among the conclusions, the author mentions, inter alia, the need to strengthen entrepreneurial attitudes among students, especially due to the growing number of companies operating in Poland for reasons of positive motivation (such as improvement of the standard of living or independence). Moreover, the conducted analyses lead to the conclusion that new companies are financed primarily from their own resources, which discourages many from starting their own business.

scholarly journals Re-thinking the Incrementalist Thesis in China: A Reflection on the Development of the Minimum Standard of Living Scheme in Urban and Rural Areas

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAK KWAN CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractMany commentators contend that the Chinese government adopted an incremental approach to welfare policy reform because its leaders lacked an overall blueprint for it, allowing initiatives to be implemented only after lengthy experimentation. While this perspective has provided an essential account of the implementation and changes of some welfare programmes, it has inadequately addressed the slow progress in rural areas' welfare programmes and the different welfare entitlements for rural and urban residents. Further investigation is therefore required to resolve these anomalies. Using the minimum standard of living scheme (MSLS) as a case example, this article illustrates how the Chinese government's legitimacy needs, during different stages of its economic reforms, have been the principal motivation for the implementation of such schemes. The introduction of an urban MSLS in 1997 aimed to reduce laid-off workers' dissatisfaction following the government's reforms of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The implementation of a rural MSLS in 2007 was intended principally to minimise conflicts between land-losing farmers and local officials after widespread rural riots. These MSLSs are also minimal and stigmatising public-assistance schemes that fulfil the dual objective of securing a stable political environment for economic reform and maintaining poor people's work ethic for China's mixed economy.

scholarly journals Education for Rural Transformation in Thailand: Perspectives on Policies and Practices

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
Harbans Bhola
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Rural Transformation ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Logic Of Action ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The Subject

To engage meaningfully on the subject of “Education for Rural Transformation,” it is essential first to understand the concept of the “Rural Condition” as well as of “Education” -- which is influenced by social, economic, political, technological and cultural factors.  There are two additional complexities in that the “Rural Condition” itself is not something stable and absolute but is indeed in perpetual flux across Time and Place; and that the rural condition is inconceivable without at the same time understanding the “Urban Condition.”    Concomitantly, “Education” itself will have to undergo transformation to serve as the lever of rural and urban transformations.   Rural and urban transformations today have come to acquire one globally-focused mission, dealing with three objectives: mitigation of global warming, pursuing sustainable development and committing to poverty alleviation, in both rural and urban habitations.  For “Planned Action” informed by the general conceptual framework constructed here, the general must be contextualized in each particular setting of time, space and locality – responding to a specific “Political Economy”; to policy processes such as formulation, planning, mobilization, implementation and evaluation; and configurations of agents and adopters of planned actions.  Finally, the “Logic of Action” must come from the dialectics between the structural and the instructional.

Analyzing the relationship between perceived grand corruption and petty corruption in developing countries: case study of Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Mashali
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Social System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Petty Corruption

Corruption often spreads because of ignorance and lack of adequate knowledge about the subject as well as how to correct and contain it. On the other side, corrupt legal, political, bureaucratic, and other social system(s) help corruption swell further. The current article sets out to discuss the question: Is there is a relation between perceived grand corruption and petty corruption? In Iran, too, these two types of corruption have recently become debatable issues. And as in Iran, corruption has become the most challenging issue in many developing countries. With respect to the above relationship, while the theoretical literature makes ambiguous predictions, empiricists, too, have focused little on this subject. The present article tries to examine this issue systematically and, hence, suggests that the perceived grand corruption is significantly associated with the petty corruption. Similar results persist even when grand corruption originates in a country’s legal system. In a nutshell, the article identifies a positive correlation between perceived grand corruption and petty corruption.

Salafism Revived: Nu'mān al-Alūsī and the Trial of Two Ahmads

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basheer M. Nafi
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Ibn Taymiyya ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn 1298/1881, the Iraqi scholar Nu'mān al-Alūsī published his Jalā' al-'aynayn fī muhākamat al-Ahmadayn, one of the most astute tracts to be written in defense of the fourteenth-century Hanbalī scholar, Ibn Taymiyya. This article attempts to read into the significance of Jalā' al-'aynayn by studying the life and educational environment of its author, the subject matter of the book, the format in which it appeared, and the circumstances of its publishing. There is little doubt that Jalā' al-'aynayn is a founding text in the emergence of modern Salafiyya in major Arab urban centers. Considering the contribution of the Wahhābī movement to the revival of Salafī Islam, one of the aims of this article is to look into the variant expressions of modern Salafiyya. An important aspect of the impact of Nu'mān al-Alūsī's work is related to the way he treated his subject matter, reconstituting the legacy of Ibn Taymiyya in the Muslims' imagination of their traditions. The other, was the publishing of Jalā' al-'aynayn in print. In the following decades, the ecology of Islamic culture would be transformed at a dramatic pace. But two things would not lose their value for the Salafī circles of modern Islam, the referential position of Ibn Taymiyya and the power of the printing-press.

scholarly journals Microcredit As A Tool For Rural Development: A Case Study Of Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wali I. Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Malaysia is a prosperous country in Southeast Asia with two distinct geographical sections separated by the China Sea. Because the country has one of the lowest poverty rates of any developing country with 5.1 per cent of its population living below the poverty line, microcredit projects which are typically aimed at poverty alleviation, have not grown as rapidly as in other developing countries. However, microcredit and microfinancing lead to the growth of the microentrepreneur class in both rural and urban areas. Historically, of the 11 economic sectors of Malaysia, four sectors, namely Agriculture, forestry and fisheries; Mining and quarrying; Construction; and Wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurant did not grow at the rate of other economic sectors. A significant amount of economic activities of these four sectors take place in rural Malaysia. This was confirmed by the results of a Shift-Share analysis conducted by the author for the period of 2000-2005 and later compared with similar statistics for 2010. Using these results and comparing the success of microcredit in other developing countries, a case is made for sustained investment in microenterprises throughout rural Malaysia in the four sectors noted above.

The Administration of Tribal Lands in Botswana

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Frimpong
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subsistence Agriculture ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tribal Lands ◽  
Tribal Land ◽  
Effective Distribution

Land plays a very important role in the lives of many people in most developing countries, and particularly in Africa, where subsistence agriculture is still widely practised. Accordingly, the nature of land administration can either influence or impede development. Land administration in many African countries, since independence, has been carried out through a policy of over-centralization. This has often resulted in administrative and bureaucratic bottlenecks which have hampered the effective distribution and utilization of land resources. Botswana, on the other hand, has avoided this common pitfall. Its system of land administration has been based on a policy of decentralization. One such area is in the field of tribal lands administered under the Tribal Land Act, which is the subject of discussion in this paper.

Golgi Apparatus and Melanogenesis: Ultrastructural Study of a Human Cellular Blue Nevus (Melanocytoma)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
S.R. Allegra
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blue Nevus ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Golgi Vesicles ◽  
Golgi System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cellular Blue Nevus

The respective roles of the ribo somes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and perhaps nucleus in the synthesis and maturation of melanosomes is still the subject of some controversy. While the early melanosomes (premelanosomes) have been frequently demonstrated to originate as Golgi vesicles, it is undeniable that these structures can be formed in cells in which Golgi system is not found. This report was prompted by the findings in an essentially amelanotic human cellular blue nevus (melanocytoma) of two distinct lines of melanocytes one of which was devoid of any trace of Golgi apparatus while the other had normal complement of this organelle.

“Channeling” the powers of God’s Word

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea E. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
New Materials ◽  
God's Word ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Starting with the controversial esoteric employment of audio recordings by followers of the charismatic Muslim preacher Sharif Haidara in Mali, the article explores the dynamics emerging at the interface of different technologies and techniques employed by those engaging the realm of the Divine. I focus attention on the “border zone” between, on the one hand, techniques for appropriating scriptures based on long-standing religious conventions, and, on the other, audio recording technologies, whose adoption not yet established authoritative and standardized forms of practice, thereby generating insecurities and becoming the subject of heated debate. I argue that “recyclage” aptly describes the dynamics of this “border zone” because it captures the ways conventional techniques of accessing the Divine are reassessed and reemployed, by integrating new materials and rituals. Historically, appropriations of the Qur’an for esoteric purposes have been widespread in Muslim West Africa. These esoteric appropriations are at the basis of the considerable continuities, overlaps and crossovers, between scripture-related esoteric practices on one side, and the treatment by Sharif Haidara’s followers of audio taped sermons as vessels of his spiritual power, on the other.

CREATING WALKING LED TRANSIT STATIONS FOR WOMEN IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yong Adilah Shamsul Harumain ◽  
Nur Farhana Azmi ◽  
Suhaini Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Female User

Transit stations are generally well known as nodes of spaces where percentage of people walking are relatively high. The issue is do more planning is actually given to create walkability. Creating walking led transit stations involves planning of walking distance, providing facilities like pathways, toilets, seating and lighting. On the other hand, creating walking led transit station for women uncover a new epitome. Walking becomes one of the most important forms of mobility for women in developing countries nowadays. Encouraging women to use public transportation is not just about another effort to promote the use of public transportation but also another great endeavour to reduce numbers of traffic on the road. This also means, creating an effort to control accidents rate, reducing carbon emission, improving health and eventually, developing the quality of life. Hence, in this paper, we sought first to find out the factors that motivate women to walk at transit stations in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey with 562 female user of Light Railway Transit (LRT) was conducted at LRT stations along Kelana Jaya Line. Both built and non-built environment characteristics, particularly distance, safety and facilities were found as factors that are consistently associated with women walkability. With these findings, the paper highlights the criteria  which are needed to create and make betterment of transit stations not just for women but also for walkability in general.

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