Qualitative Urinalyses in Puppies 0 to 24 Weeks of Age

Suggestions for interpreting qualitative urinalyses from puppies have been based on limited results obtained in the laboratory setting. Proteinuria, glucosuria, and decreased concentration of urine have been considered normal in puppies <8 weeks of age due to immature renal function. In this study, the authors reviewed 149 voided urine samples from 118 different, apparently healthy, random-source puppies. The primary finding was that mean urine specific gravity (USG) was significantly lower in 0- to 3-week-old puppies when compared to puppies 4 to 24 weeks old. Mean USG in all other age groups was >1.030. There was no difference in the frequency of positive protein or occult blood dipstick results among age groups, and there were no positive glucose, ketone, bilirubin, or urobilinogen reactions in any samples analyzed. Urine sediment results are reported for 41 samples. Epithelial cells and white blood cells were the most common sediment findings in these 41 voided samples, observed in 34 (83%) and 18 (44%) samples, respectively. Crystals were observed in 15 (37%) samples, whereas casts, bacteria, and red blood cells were observed less commonly.

Download Full-text

Associations between white blood cells count and obesity in apparently healthy young adults

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-08-2019-0270 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 1013-1019

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ghannadiasl

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Apparently Healthy

Purpose The elevated white blood cells (WBCs) count has been reported to be a predictor of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. This study aims to determine the associations between WBCs count and obesity in apparently healthy young adults. Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study, the authors evaluated the body mass index (BMI) in 392 apparently healthy young adults of both sexes. The WBCs count was measured using standard counter techniques. The inclusion criteria were the agreement to participate in the study, between 18 and 25 years of age, lack of self-reported diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, kidney and infectious diseases. Findings According to the BMI classification, underweight and overweight or obesity were observed in 14.58 and 11.48 per cent of young adults, respectively. The mean WBC was 6.5 ± 1.5 (×10³ cells/µL). Higher values of WBCs were found in women than in men (p = 0.02). The young adults with higher BMI had a higher WBCs count. There was a positive correlation between WBCs count and weight and BMI (r = 0.19 and r = 0.22, p < 0.001, respectively). Research limitations/implications This research was a cross-sectional study. Future studies are suggested using longitudinal studies to examine more relationships between obesity and WBCs count in apparently healthy young adults. Practical implications The results of this study provide evidence for weight management in this age group to reduce diseases associated with increased WBCs count. Originality/value The WBCs count was related to increasing levels of BMI per cent 2 C even in the normal range.

Download Full-text

Comparison of five automated urine sediment analyzers with manual microscopy for accurate identification of urine sediment

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2019-0211 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (11) ◽

pp. 1744-1753 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jooyoung Cho ◽

Kyeong Jin Oh ◽

Beom Chan Jeon ◽

Sang-Guk Lee ◽

Jeong-Ho Kim

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Turnaround Time ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

Urine Sediment ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Manual Processing ◽

The Common ◽

Distinct Features ◽

Clinical Algorithms

Abstract Background While the introduction of automated urine analyzers is expected to reduce the labor involved, turnaround time and potential assay variations, microscopic examination remains the “gold standard” for the analysis of urine sediments. In this study, we evaluated the analytical and diagnostic performance of five recently introduced automated urine sediment analyzers. Methods A total of 1016 samples were examined using five automated urine sediment analyzers and manual microscopy. Concordance of results from each automated analyzer and manual microscopy were evaluated. In addition, image and microscopic review rates of each system were investigated. Results The proportional bias for red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and squamous epithelial cells in the automated urine sediment analyzers were within ±20% of values obtained using the manual microscope, except in the cases of RBCs and WBCs analyzed using URiSCAN PlusScope and Iris iQ200SPRINT, respectively. The sensitivities of Roche Cobas® u 701 and Siemens UAS800 for pathologic casts (73.6% and 81.1%, respectively) and crystals (62.2% and 49.5%, respectively) were high, along with high image review rates (24.6% and 25.2%, respectively). The detection rates for crystals, casts and review rates can be changed for the Sysmex UF-5000 platform according to cut-off thresholds. Conclusions Each automated urine sediment analyzer has certain distinct features, in addition to the common advantages of reducing the burden of manual processing. Therefore, laboratory physicians are encouraged to understand these features, and to utilize each system in appropriate ways, considering clinical algorithms and laboratory workflow.

Download Full-text

Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Protein Reference Intervals Derived from 20 Years of Patient Data

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2017.278267 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 1856-1865 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Christopher R McCudden ◽

John Brooks ◽

Priya Figurado ◽

Pierre R Bourque

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Total Protein ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Age Groups ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Patient Data ◽

Age Dependence ◽

Data Set

Abstract BACKGROUND Reference intervals are vital for interpretation of laboratory results. Many existing reference intervals for cerebrospinal fluid total protein (CSF-TP) are derived from old literature because of the invasive nature of sampling. The objective of this study was to determine reference intervals for CSF-TP using available patient data. METHODS Twenty years of hospital database information was mined for previously reported CSF-TP results. Associated demographic, laboratory, and clinical diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases 9/10 codes) details were extracted. CSF-TP results included 3 different analytical platforms: the Siemens Vista 1500, Beckman Lx20, and Roche Hitachi 917. From an initial data set of 19591 samples, the following exclusion criteria were applied: incomplete data, white blood cells (WBCs) >5 × 106/L, red blood cells (RBCs) >50 × 106/L, and glucose <2.5 mmol/L. Patient charts were reviewed in detail to exclude 60 different conditions for which increases in CSF-TP would be expected. A total of 6068 samples were included; 63% of the samples were from females. Continuous reference intervals were determined using quantile regression. Age- and sex-partitioned intervals were established using the quantile regression equation and splitting age-groups into 5-year bins. RESULTS CSF-TP showed a marked age dependence, and males had significantly higher CSF-TP than females across all ages. CSF-TP results from the 3 different instruments and manufacturers showed small (approximately 0.04 g/L), but statistically significant, differences. CSF-TP showed weak, but again statistically significant, correlation with WBC and RBC but was independent of serum total protein and creatinine. CONCLUSIONS The age dependence of CSF-TP supports that age-partitioned reference intervals will be more accurate than a single cutoff, particularly in patients with advancing age.

Download Full-text

Improved Identification of White Blood Cells and Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells in Urine Using Cytology

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.140.152 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 140 ◽

pp. 152-156

Author(s):

Xu Guo Sun ◽

Dian Jun Wei ◽

Xiao Chun Liu ◽

Yu Zhu Ma ◽

Xin Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Automatic Identification ◽

Identification System ◽

Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽

Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽

Urine Sediment ◽

Cytoplasmic Staining ◽

Renal Tubular

Objectives: Conventional automatic identification system to differentiate white blood cells from renal tubular epithelial cells was limited by overlapping parameters and investigation of clear classification of these two cells could be critical to diagnosis and prognosis. Methods: Urine samples from 120 individuals (30 bladder cystitis, 30 glomerular nephritis, 30 pyelonephritis and 30 nephrotic syndrome) were collected. Urine sediments were stained by Sternheimer method and examined by TJYDSXG-1 microscopic cell analysis system including cell size, degree of cytoplasmic staining and nuclear coefficient of variation (CV). Peroxidase chemical staining was also employed to differentiate white blood cells (WBC) and renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) in sediments. Results: WBC in urine sediment was (8-13) μm, while (10-16) μm for RTEC, with 36% overlapping of nuclear CV. Peroxidase chemical staining intensity index is 0-4 for WBC and 0-1 for RTEC. Conclusions: Percentage of overlap between WBC and RTEC can be reduced to 7%-13% when Sternheimer staining was combined with peroxidase staining.

Download Full-text

A GRAPHICAL STUDY OF THE BLOOD OF NORMAL FOXES

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr35-066 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 796-802 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Arnold H. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

General Trend ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Age Groups ◽

Close Similarity ◽

Graphical Form ◽

Comprehensive Picture ◽

Males And Females ◽

The One ◽

Blood Elements

The fluctuations and trends of various cellular elements of normal fox blood are presented in graphical form. The graphs have been prepared from data obtained from a number of foxes of various ages and show the minimum, maximum and mean numbers of blood elements occurring in both males and females in each age group.The red blood cells, haemoglobin, and to a lesser extent the neutrophiles, on the one hand, have trends of a similar nature and appear to be related. On the other hand the total white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophiles also appear to be closely related. A comprehensive picture of the field tends to divide the numbers of blood elements composing the blood of foxes into these two divisions.The trends and fluctuations, for the same age groups, of the total white blood cells and lymphocytes are almost identical. The monocytes and basophiles also show close similarity. A close similarity in general trend, with less marked fluctuations, exists in the four groups, total white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophiles.

Download Full-text

Ascorbic acid status of Europeans resident in the tropics

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19700082 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 801-802 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. C. Hindson

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Tropical Climate ◽

Men And Women ◽

Significant Fall ◽

Acid Status ◽

The Tropics ◽

Apparently Healthy

1. A survey was made of ascorbic acid concentrations in white blood cells of apparently healthy European men and women living in the tropical climate of Singapore.2. The survey showed that there was a significant fall in these concentrations in men who had been resident for more than 4 months. Levels in women did not show a significant decrease.

Download Full-text

Continuous changes in biological levels of complete blood count in a high altitude area of China

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312120931334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205031212093133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xuan Luo ◽

Lei Feng ◽

XueJing Bai ◽

JiangXian Zhu ◽

GuanCheng Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Age Groups ◽

Reference Interval ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Men And Women ◽

Cell Parameters

Objectives: We aimed to establish a new reference interval of blood cell parameters by classifying and counting blood Cells of 16- to 85-year-old healthy volunteers and observing continuous changes with age. Methods: We analyzed the blood cell parameters of 42,678 cases (men, 24,406; women, 18,272), and compared the blood cell parameters of men and women in different age groups using an independent samples t-test. Using limits of 2.5%–97.5%, a 90% confidence interval was used to develop new reference intervals. Results: Counts of blood cell parameters, including white blood Cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, red blood Cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, distribution width of red blood Cells and platelets, were found to differ between men and women in different age groups. These parameters were used to establish a new reference interval of blood Cells. Conclusion: The blood cell parameters of both men and women changed with increasing age. The reference interval that we established will provide more accurate basic evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Download Full-text

Reference intervals for haematological parameters in the Lusitano horse breed

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2018.047 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 530-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Silvestre-Ferreira ◽

Mário Cotovio ◽

Mário Maia ◽

Felisbina Queiroga ◽

M João Pires ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Age Groups ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Haematological Parameters ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Mean Values ◽

Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽

Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

The Lusitano horse is an autochthonous Portuguese breed with a growing worldwide expansion. Our objective was to establish reference intervals for haematological parameters using the haematological cell counter LaserCyte (IDEXX). For this purpose, blood samples from 100 healthy adult horses (13 females and 87 males, ranging from 3 to 25 years of age) were analysed. The reference intervals were estimated following the ASVCP guidelines with the Reference Value Advisor software. The obtained reference intervals were 6.4–10.1 × 1012/L for red blood cells, 30.6–45.1% for haematocrit, 11.6–17.1 g/dL for haemoglobin, 42.8–53.2 fL for mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 15.5–20.8 pg for mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), 33.7–39.4 g/dL for mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, 17.8–20.3% for red cell distribution width (RDW), 4.5–10.1 × 109/L for white blood cells, 2.2–6.0 × 109/L for neutrophils, 0.9–4.9 × 109/L for lymphocytes, 0.2–0.5 × 109/L for monocytes, 0.1–0.6 × 109/L for eosinophils, 0.0–0.1 × 109/L for basophils, 78.5–172.2 K/mL for platelets, 4.3–9.4 fL for mean platelet volume, 18.8–24.2% for platelet distribution width, and 0.06–0.12% for plateletcrit. LaserCyte equine reference intervals are transferable to the Lusitano horse for 18 of the 22 analytes studied. Regarding age, significant statistical differences were observed for MCV, RDW, neutrophils and lymphocytes between the mean values of young (3–6 years old), middle-aged (7–14 years old) and old (< 15 years old) age groups. MCH means were statistically significantly different between the three age groups. The haematological reference intervals established in this study might represent a valuable and applicable tool for haematological assessment of adult Lusitano horses, providing useful information that helps clinicians to interpret clinical data.

Download Full-text

Hematological parameters in shortnose guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris Müller and Henle, 1841 (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatidae)

Revista Mvz Córdoba ◽

10.21897/rmvz.36 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 5265-5271 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nathalia Barreto B ◽

Daniela Ferrer MV ◽

Paula Baldassin ◽

Denise Bobany M

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Clinical Pathology ◽

Scientific Value ◽

Hematological Values ◽

Apparently Healthy

ABSTRACT Objective. In view of the deficiency of information in the area of clinical pathology of elasmobranchs, mainly of the physiological parameters, the aim of this work was to study hematological parameters of the Zapteryx brevirostris species. Materials and methods. Four specimens apparently healthy of Zapteryx brevirostris; three females and a male were used. These animals are all pertaining ones to the Aquarium of Ubatuba, São Paulo (Brazil). Results. The obtained average of hematological values for the Zapteryx brevirostris were: Red Blood Cells were - 0.96 x 106/μL, Packed Cell Volume - 24.3% and White Blood Cells - 36.8 x 103/μL. Conclusion. Although the small N, which decreases the accuracy, this research has scientific value because the situation of vulnerability of Zapteryx brevirostris, suggesting other studies. RESUMENObjetivo. En vista de la carencia de información en el área de patología clínica de los elasmobranquios, especialmente en lo que respecta a los parámetros fisiopatológicos, el objetivo de este trabajo fue el de obtener parámetros de la hematología de la especie Zapteryx brevirostris. Materiales y método. Cuatro animales clínicamente saludables de Zapteryx brevirostris; tres hembras y un macho fueron utilizados, todos procedentes del Acuario de Ubatuba, S. P. Resultados. Los valores promedio de hematología para el Zapteryx brevirostris fueron: glóbulos rojos - 0.96 x 106/ μL, volumen de los hematíes - 24.3 % y glóbulos blancos 36.8 x 103/ μL. Conclusiones. A pesar de la pequeña N, que disminuye la precisión, la investigación tiene valor científico debido a que Zapteryx brevirostris es una especie vulnerable; sugiriendo otros estudios.

Download Full-text

HEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN EAST BALKAN PIGS AT DIFFERENT AGE AND SEASONS

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1903164p ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Nadezhda PALOVA ◽

Yordan MARCHEV ◽

Radka NEDEVA ◽

Jivko NAKEV ◽

Dimitrinka KRUSHEVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Biochemical Profile ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

Serum Biochemical Profile

Twelvehematological and fifteen serum biochemical parameters were determined in indigenous East Balkan pigs at different ages and two seasons. The experiment was carried out in the Scientific Centre of Agriculture- Sredets aiming to characterize the health status of the animals when reared organically. Blood samples were taken from pre-weaned piglets (n=10), growers (n=10) and sows (n=10) in spring and summer. The results were analysed through two way ANOVA to assess the influence of the age, season and their interaction on the hematological and serum biochemical profile of the animals. Both age and season interacted significantly in regard to the red blood cells count (RBC) (P0.001), hemoglobin (HGB) (P0.001) and hematocrit (HCT) (P0.01), as well as in the most biochemical parameters including creatinine(P0.001), total protein (TP) (P0.001), albumin (ALB) (P0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P0.01), uric acid (UA) (P0.01), Mg (P0.001), triglycerides (TG) (P0.05) and cholesterol (P0.01). Regardless of the season, the white blood cells (WBC) including lymphocytes and granulocytes, as well as platelets (PLT)decreased with age, while mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased.The content of glucose, urea, gamma-glutamil transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Ca and P which displayed maximal values in preweaned pigs (P0.05) compared to the other age groups (P0.05). The season affected the number of lymphocytes (P0.01), their percent (P0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) andmean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P0.001), as well as the concentration of GGT (P0.001) which increased during summer,and also granulocytes (P0.01), their percentage (P0.001), PLT (P0.05), glucose, urea, ALP, Ca (P0.001) and P (P0.01) whichwere higher in spring.

Download Full-text