A Cross Sectional Study on the Outcome of Rubber Band Ligation in third Degree Hemorrhoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3453-3454
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ahmad Khan ◽  
Fareeha Khaliq Khan ◽  
Maaz ul Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Anal Fissure ◽  
Rubber Band Ligation ◽  
Rubber Band ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Band Ligation ◽  
Operative Care ◽  
Internal Hemorrhoids

Objective: To determine the outcome of rubber band ligation in third degree hemorrhoids. Methods: - This design of this study was cross sectional study. The study was conducted at Shalamar medical and dental college, Lahore and the duration of this study was from April 2020 to September 2021. 215 patients were seen with complain of hemorrhoids, of which 47 had 3rd degree hemorrhoids. All patients with 3rd degree hemorrhoids underwent for rubber band ligation and were enrolled in the study. Outcome in our study was defined as pain, bleeding, constipation, anal fissure/fistula and infection. Chi- square test (χ2) of all qualitative variables was applied by taking p-value < 0.05 as significant. Results: - Of 47 patients admitted with 3rd degree hemorrhoid, 30 were males and 17 were females. The mean age of males was 38.78±12.71 while mean females age were found to be 22.73± 7.25 respectively. The most common complaint following rubber band ligation (RBL) was pain. 19 out of 47 patients were presented with pain followed by bleeding (14), constipation (13), anal fissure/fistula (10) and infection (8) which constitutes about 22.34 %, 22.78%15.32% and 14.03% respectively. There was significant relationship found between gender and anal fissure/fistula with p-value of <0.05. Conclusion: - Patients with 3rd degree hemorrhoids after RBL procedure showed fewer complications comparable to other surgical procedures in the treatment of hemorrhoids. It is the best possible options in third degree internal hemorrhoids. Moreover, this procedure is simple and cost-effective and requires no hospitalization, no anesthesia and no post-operative care. Keywords: - 3rd degree Hemorrhoids, Outcome, Rubber Band Ligation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Office Ligation in the Treatment of Hemorrhoids at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Meraj Alam Ansari ◽  
Satindra Mohan Mishra ◽  
Binaya KC
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rubber Band Ligation ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Rubber Band ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outpatient Procedure ◽  
Band Ligation ◽  
Medical College

Introduction: Rubber band ligation, an outpatient procedure for treatment of 2nd and 3rd degree hemorrhoids is an effective mode of management.Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of rubber band ligation as an office procedure in the treatment of 2nd and 3rd degree hemorrhoids.Material and Methods: This is a cross sectional hospital based study of 30 cases that underwent rubber band ligation as an outpatient procedure for 2nd and 3rd degree hemorrhoids done in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital from the period of August 2014 to June 2015. The patients were followed up for six months for the development of procedure related complications, relief of symptoms, and requirement of any further interventions. The total cost of treatment was calculated and the time off work was noted. Patients were requested to assess the forms of treatment as excellent, moderately successful or of little help based on their results post treatment. Statistical analysis using SPSS software (version 20) was done and p value less than 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Post procedure complications were milder and self-limiting, with discomfort in 57.5% (2nd degree) and 60% (3rd degree), pain in 5% (2nd degree) 40% (3rd degree), bleeding in 22.5% (2nd degree) and 30% (3rd degree) of patients with absence of any major complications (sepsis or death). Majority (77.5% in 2nd degree, 70% in 3rd degree) of the patients significantly improved after initial treatment with band ligation. Some of the patients treated by band ligation required further intervention i.e. 16.66% in 2nd and 16.66% in 3rd degree as repeat ligation in the immediate post-op period and were managed subsequently. But none of them required any surgical procedures. Majority of the patients treated by band ligation were able to resume their normal work within three day i.e. 95% in 2nd and 90% in 3rd degree hemorrhoids. Most of the patients spent Rs 2000- 2500 (52.5% in 2nd and 40% in 3rd degree) which most was on routine checkups and follow-ups but it was very cheaper as compared to others modalities. Most of the patients (77.5% in 2nd and 70% in 3rd degree) treated by band ligation assessed the treatment as excellent.Conclusion: Rubber band ligation is a simple, safe and effective method for treating symptomatic second and third degree hemorrhoids as an outpatient procedure with significant improvement in quality of life. Immediate relief of symptoms can be obtained in the post-operative period and therefore be considered as the treatment of choice for second and third degree hemorrhoid. Though the complications are slightly higher and improvement in symptoms were delayed than in second degree but  still Rubber Band Ligation proved to be effective even in 3rd degree hemorrhoid.Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College Vol.13(1) 2015: 17-20

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Kulit Pada Pekerja Pengangkut Sampah Di Kota Jambi

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Entia Nopa ◽  
Ranissa Dwi Imansari ◽  
Irwandi Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Kulit Pada Pekerja Pengangkut Sampah Di Kota Jambi 1Entianopa, 2Ranissa Dwi Imansari, 3Irwandi Rachman       123Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat STIKES Harapan Ibu, Jambi   Abstrak Latar Belakang: Kulit merupakan organ terbesar pada tubuh manusia yang membungkus otot-otot dan organ-organ dalam serta merupakan jalinan jaringan pembuluh darah, saraf, dan kelenjar yang tidak berujung, semuanya memiliki potensi untuk terserang penyakit yang salah satunya adalah penyakit kulit. Penyakit kulit merupakan salah satu gangguan kesehatan yang sering dialami oleh pekerja pengangkut sampah. Berdasarkan komposisi sampah yang diangkut serta waktu paparan kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara masa kerja, pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD), dan personal hygiene dengan kejadian penyakit kulit pada pekerja pengangkut sampah di Kota Jambi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Sampel penelitian yaitu sebanyak 62 pekerja pengangkut sampah yang berada di Kantor Pekerjaan Umum dan Penata Ruang, yang mana seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan kesehatan oleh dokter dan dengan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisa menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil: Hasil menunjukan bahwa pekerja yang mengalami penyakit kulit sebanyak 35 pekerja (56,5%). Berdasarkan hasil analisis chi-square didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara masa kerja dengan kejadian penyakit kulit pada pekerja pengangkut sampah dimana nilai (p-value= 0,006), Pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) nilai (p-value= 0,008), personal hygiene nilai (p-value= 0,008). Kesimpulan: Untuk meminimalisir risiko terjadinya penyakit kulit pada pekerja pengangkut sampah disarankan perlunya disusun standar operasional prosedur yang aman, penyediaan sarana sanitasi agar dapat mengurangi resiko terkena penyakit kulit. Pentingnya pemakaian APD dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat selama bekerja, serta diharapkan pekerja menggunakan APD pada saat bekerja dan lebih memperhatikan personal hygiene.   Kata kunci      : Masa Kerja, APD, Personal Hygiene

POLA ASUH ORANGTUA TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN PERSONAL HYGIENE CUCI TANGAN DAN GOSOK GIGI PADA ANAK PRASEKOLAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Dina Dewi Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT   The study aims todetermine the relationship between parenting style and the level of independence of Personal Hygiene Hand Wasting and Tooth Brush in Preschoolers in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora in 2019. The study is a quantitative study, based on the research location including the type of field reseaerch, based on the ansence of the treatment of subjects including survey research, based on time is a cross sectional study, and based on objectives includin correlation analytics. The population in this study were all parents in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora as many as 85 respondents. Based on the sample calculation, the sample obtained in this study that most parent in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora amounted to 70 respondents. Srearmen’s rho test analysis results parenting parents with the level of independence of personal hygiene hand wasting result obtained p value = 0,000 < α (0,05), and parenting patters with the independence of personal hygiene tooth brush obtained results p value = 0,000 < α (0,05). So it can be concluded that were is a significant relationship between parenting parents with the level of independence of personal hygiene washing hands and brushing their tooth at preschoolers in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora in 2019. Keywords: parenting; personal hygiene, preschool ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Pola Asuh Orangtua Terhadap Tingkat Kemandirian Personal Hygiene Cuci Tangan dan Gogok Gigi pada Anak Prasekolah di TK Negeri Pembina Blora Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, berdasarkan tempat penelitian termasuk jenis penelitian lapangan, berdasarkan tidak adanya perlakuan terhadap subjek termasuk penelitian survey, berdasarkan waktu merupakan penelitian cross sectional, dan berdasarkan tujuan termasuk analitik korelasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh orangtua di TK Negeri Pembina Blora sebanyak 85 responden. Berdasarkan perhitungan sampel  maka diperoleh sampel pada penelitian ini adalah sebagian orangtua di TK Negeri Pembina Blora sebanyak 70 responden. Hasil analisis uji spearmen’s rho pola asuh orangtua dengan tingkat kemandirian personal hygiene cuci tangan didapatkan hasil p value = 0,000 < α (0,05), dan pola asuh orangtua dengan kemandirian personal hygiene gosok gigi didapatkan hasil p value = 0,000 < α (0,05). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan tingkat kemandirian personal hygiene cuci tangan dan gosok gigi pada anak prasekolah di TK Negeri Pembina Blora Tahun 2019. Kata kunci: pola asuh; personal hygiene; prasekolah

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN HARGA DIRI (SELF ESTEEM) PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI WILAYAH EKS KAWEDANAN INDRAMAYU

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Dedeh Husnaniyah
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Tuberkulosis Paru merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Dampak TB Paru adalah penurunan daya tahan tubuh, kelemahan fisik, merugikan secara ekonomis dan dapat mengakibatkan isolasi sosial. Keadaan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi harga diri penderita TB Paru. Perubahan harga diri pada penderita TB Paru dapat mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan, sehingga dibutuhkan adanya dukungan keluarga. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap harga diri penderita TB Paru di Wilayah Puskesmas Eks Kawedanan Indramayu tahun 2015. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional study. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan tekhnik total sampling sebayak 45 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penderita TB Paru yang memiliki harga diri tinggi sebanyak 23 responden (51,1%) dan yang memiliki harga diri rendah sebanyak 22 responden (48,9%), penderita TB Paru yang mendapatkan dukungan keluarga sebanyak 26 responden (57,8 %) dan yang tidak mendapatkandukungan keluarga sebanyak 19 (42,2 %). Responden yang mendapatkan dukungan keluarga lebih banyak yang memiliki harga diri tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak mendapatkan dukungan keluarga yaitu 69,6% dengan nilai p value = 0,047 (< 0,05). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungandukungan keluarga denganharga diri penderita TB Paru. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi pemegang program TB untuk memberikan konseling terkait pentingnya dukungan keluarga bagi penderita TB Paru.

Hubungan Riwayat Sectio Caesarea dan Paritas Terhadap Kejadian Plasenta Previa di RSUD Haji Makassar Tahun 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Noviyani Hartuti
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectio Caesarea ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya hubungan antara riwayat sectio caesarea dan paritas terhadap kejadian plasenta previa di RSUD Haji Makassar tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian analitik dengan melakukan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study untuk mengetahui hubungan antara riwayat sectio caesarea dan paritas terhadap kejadian plasenta previa di RSUD Haji Makassar. Secara keseluruhan jumlah populasi yang ada sebanyak 177 orang dan didapatkan besar sampel sebanyak 177 orang dengan menggunakan tekhnik Total Sampling. Dari hasil analisis hubungan antara riwayat sectio caesarea terhadap kejadian plasenta previa yang memiliki riwayat sectio caesarea dan mengalami plasenta previa sebanyak 1 orang (0,6%), sedangkan ibu yang tidak mengalami plasenta previa  sebanyak  9 orang (5,1%), dari paritas ibu dengan paritas tinggi yang mengalami plasenta previa sebanyak 9 orang (5,1%) dan yang tidak mengalami plasenta previa sebanyak 53 orang (29,9%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara riwayat sectio caesarea terhadap kejadian plasenta previa di RSUD Haji Makassar dengan nilai P-value (0,543), dan ada hubungan antara paritas terhadap kejadian plasenta previa di RSUD Haji Makassar dengan nilai P-value (0,010).  Kesimpulan dari dua variabel yaitu riwayat sectio caesarea tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian plasenta previa sedangkan paritas memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian plasenta previa di RSUD Haji Makassar tahun 2018

Several Components of the Lebanese Mediterranean Diet and Particular Sociodemographic, Medical and Lifestyle Factors may be Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study in a Middle Eastern Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Mary-Joe Youssef ◽  
Antoine Aoun ◽  
Aline Issa ◽  
Lana El-Osta ◽  
Nada El-Osta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gerd Symptoms

Background: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasing worldwide and the related chronic symptoms can be associated with morbidity and poor quality of life. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify foods and beverages consumed by the Lebanese population, dietary habits, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, health parameters and perceived stress, implicated in increasing GERD symptoms. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was carried among Lebanese adults in 2016. A convenient sample of 264 participants was equally divided into a GERD group and a control group. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, health status and dietary habits including Lebanese traditional dishes were collected. The perceived stress scale (PSS) was also used to assess the participants’ perception of stress. Logistic regression analyses were conducted with GERD symptoms (presence or absence) being the dependent variable. Results: The GERD symptoms were significantly associated with age (-p-value=0.017), family history of GERD symptoms (-p-value<0.001), smoking (-p-value=0.003) and chronic medical conditions (-p-value<.001). Regarding the dietary factors, participants who ate three meals or less/day, between meals and outside homes were 2.5, 2.9 and 2.4 times at a higher risk of experiencing GERD symptoms than others, respectively. Moreover, the logistic regression model showed that the GERD symptoms were significantly associated with the consumption of coffee (-p-value=0.037), Lebanese sweets (-p-value=0.027), fried foods (-p-value=0.031), ‘Labneh’ with garlic (-p-value<0.001), pomegranate molasses (-p-value=0.011), and tomatoes (-p-value=0.007). Conclusion: Some specific lifestyle factors and components of the Lebanese Mediterranean diet could be associated with GERD symptoms.

assessing knowledge, attitude and practices of miners and post-occupational miners towards pneumoconiosis in Wusakile Township, Kitwe, Zambia:cross sectional study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Banda
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Mining Areas

BACKGROUND Occupational conditions are deadly health hazards especially where dust exposure is inevitable causing chronic disabilities, impaired respiratory function and ultimately leading to death if no intensive measures are put in place. Unhealthy practices and negative attitudes rise in the number of cases of pneumoconiosis due to poor health education and awareness strategies. Pneumoconiosis is not only a health problem but also a social and economic burden on the livelihood of people living in mining areas around the globe. OBJECTIVE to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of miners and post-occupational miners towards pneumoconiosis in Wusakile Township, Kitwe, Zambia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was employed to conduct a research in Wusakile Township and a questionnaire was customized in order to syphon data relevant to the study as well to be brief. The study was conducted among 73 participants who were randomly selected among miners and post-occupational miners and all satisfied the inclusion criteria. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data. The data was entered and analysed using IBM SPSS software version 23. RESULTS Among 73 participants interviewed, 33.99% of participants had poor knowledge on the complications of pneumoconiosis. However, despite this poor knowledge, all participants had an idea about pneumoconiosis particularly silicosis. 13.70% of the respondents had bad practices towards pneumoconiosis while 86.30% had some good practices towards pneumoconiosis. Of the total participants, 19.18% of the participants had a negative attitude towards pneumoconiosis. Correlation between the level of education and practices of participants using Pearson Chi-Square, a p value of 0.021 (significant) was found ruling out the null hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS Information about pneumoconiosis and awareness programs towards pneumoconiosis are not widely disseminated among miners and post-occupational miners. There is still a significant number of participants who need to be educated more about pneumoconiosis and its complications so that attitude and practices are improved and also promote full community participation by involving competent health professionals to help in implementing preventive measures.

The Prevalence of Insecticide Treated Net/malaria :cross section study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanda Chalela
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Malaria Patient ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Itn Use ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 OBJECTIVE Prevalence of ITN in BUchi METHODS Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Findings: household ownership of at least an ITN was 52% and individual utilization at 37.6%, with 0.825 ITN/households and 0.195ITN /individual. Malaria prevalence of 52.4% /household and a 12.4% of the population. With 47.6% malaria patient coming from households with ITN and 60% of households with ITN have insufficient coverage.61% of malaria patient were female and 31 % male. however there was no significant relation between Gender and malaria prevalence in study area (p value was >0.05). Malaria cases distribution with age groups, 0-15yrs old represented 49.5%, 16-30 yrs., was at 27.6% and the over 30 yrs. case were at 22.9% .use of other preventive measures 23% used mosquito repellent ,others methods 1% with those not using any other methods 76%. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion The study showed clearly that malaria still poses a problem .the prevalence rate of malaria was still high 12.4% of the population and 52.4% of households. With high prevalence of malaria of 49.5% for 0-15yrs.the difference between ownership 52% and Utilization 37.6% showed that even household with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient.60% of households with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient for all occupants

scholarly journals Competency of health workers in detecting and managing gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia during antenatal check-ups in primary care health facilities in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e046638
Author(s):  
Sk Masum Billah ◽  
Abdullah Nurus Salam Khan ◽  
S M Rokonuzzaman ◽  
Nafisa Lira Huq ◽  
Marufa Aziz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Care Facilities

Study objectiveTo evaluate the competency of trained health workers in detecting and managing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy during routine antenatal check-ups (ANCs) at primary care facilities in Bangladesh.Study design and settingsCross-sectional study; conducted in 26 primary care facilities.Outcome measuresAccurate diagnosis of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.MethodIn total 1560 ANC consultations provided by primary health workers, known as Family Welfare Visitors (FWVs), were observed using a structured checklist between October 2017 and February 2018. All consultations were reassessed by study physicians for validation.ResultOf the ‘true’ cases of gestational hypertension (n=32), pre-eclampsia (n=29) and severe pre-eclampsia (n=16), only 3%, 7% and 25%, respectively, were correctly diagnosed by FWVs. Per cent agreement for the diagnosed cases of any hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 9% and kappa statistics was 0.50 (p value 0.0125). For identification of any hypertensive disorders by FWVs, sensitivity and positive predictive values were 14% and 50%, respectively. There was a moderate positive correlation between the blood pressure measurements taken by FWVs and study physicians. Only 27% of those who had ‘some protein’ in urine were correctly identified by FWVs. Women diagnosed with any of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by FWVs were more likely to be counselled on at least one danger sign of pre-eclampsia (severe headache, blurring of vision and upper abdominal pain) than those without any such diagnosis (41% vs 19%, p value 0.008). All four cases of severe pre-eclampsia diagnosed by FWVs were given a loading dose of intramuscular magnesium sulphate and three among them were referred to a higher facility.ConclusionThe FWVs should be appropriately trained on risk assessment of pregnant women with particular emphasis on accurately assessing the diagnostic criteria of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and its management.

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